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Hafnium, oxygen, neodymium, strontium, and lead isotopic constraints on magmatic evolution of the supereruptive southern Black Mountains volcanic center, Arizona, U.S.A.: A combined LASS zircon–whole-rock study

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Published/Copyright: February 18, 2016
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American Mineralogist
From the journal American Mineralogist Volume 101 Issue 2

Abstract

The >700 km3 Peach Spring Tuff (PST), erupted at 18.8 Ma from the Silver Creek caldera in the southern Black Mountains volcanic center (SBMVC) of western Arizona, is the only supereruption-scale ignimbrite in the northern Colorado River Extensional Corridor. The SBMVC contains pre- and post-caldera volcanic rocks and caldera-related intrusions (∼19–17 Ma) that provide a detailed petrologic record of ignimbrite antecedence and aftermath.

Whole-rock Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopic data combined with complementary zircon O and Hf isotopic data from a suite of pre- through post-PST samples provide robust constraints on (1) how the SBMVC evolved with respect to magmatic sources and processes throughout its ∼2 Ma history and (2) the petrogenetic relationships between the PST and slightly younger intracaldera plutons. Both pre- and post-PST units have isotopic ranges (εNd = −8.3 to −11.6, εHf = −8.2 to −14.0, 87Sr/86Sr = 0.709–0.712; 206Pb/204Pb = 18.19–18.49, 207Pb/204Pb = 15.60–15.62, 208Pb/204Pb = 38.95–39.29) that fall within the spectrum of Miocene Colorado River Extensional Corridor rocks and are consistent with mixing of substantial fractions of Proterozoic (Mojave) crust and juvenile material derived from regional enriched mantle. Compared to the PST, which has relatively uniform isotopic ratios (εΜ = −11.4 to −11.7, εκ = −13.8 to −14.3, 87Sr/86Sri =0.709–0.712; 206Pb/204Pb = 18.20–18.29, 207Pb/204Pb = 15.60–15.62, 208Pb/204Pb = 39.02–39.33), individual pre- and post-PST units are isotopically more variable and generally more primitive.

Consistent with whole-rock isotopes, zircon εHf (−8 to −14) and oxygen δ18O (+4.5 to +7.2‰) for most pre- and post-PST units also have wider ranges and more mantle-like values than those of the PST (−12 to −15, +6.1 to +7.1‰). Moreover, zircon isotopic compositions decrease in post-PST samples. A few zircons from post-PST intrusions have δ18O values lower than mantle values (<+5‰), suggesting incorporation of hydrothermally altered rock.

Whole-rock and zircon elemental and isotopic analyses indicate that (1) most pre- and post-PST units are less evolved and less homogenized than the PST itself; (2) intrusions in the Silver Creek caldera are petrogenetically distinct from the PST and therefore represent discrete magmatic pulses, not unerupted PST mush; (3) enriched mantle input increased in the SBMVC following the paroxysmal PST eruption; (4) post-PST history of the SBMVC was characterized by periodic influx of magmas with varying juvenile fractions into pre-existing mushy or solidified intrusions, resulting in variable and incomplete hybridization; and (5) melting and assimilation of hydrothermally altered crust played a relatively minor role in the generation and evolution of magmas in the SBMVC.

Keywords: Volcanic center; petrogenesis; zircon; oxygen isotopes; Sr isotopes; Hf isotopes; Nd isotopes; Pb isotopes; supereruption

† Current address: Roy M. Huffington Department of Earth Sciences, Southern Methodist University, 3225 Daniel Avenue, Dallas, Texas 75205, U.S.A.

Special collection information can be found at http://www.minsocam.org/MSA/AmMin/special-collections.html.

Acknowledgments

We thank Marsha Lidzbarski for her expertise and assistance in collecting the zircon data presented here, and Charles Ferguson (Arizona Geological Survey) for sharing his extensive knowledge of the southern Black Mountains and of field volcanology in general, and for his assistance in collecting representative samples. Jeff Vervoort, Charles Knaack, Diane Wilford, and Scott Boroughs kindly lent their expertise and facilitated our work at the Washington State Radiogenic Isotope and Geochronology Laboratory. Reviewers Lang Farmer and Peter Lipman and Associate Editor Calvin Barnes provided thorough, careful, constructive comments that were very helpful in revising and improving the manuscript. This research was supported by collaborative NSF grants EAR-0409876 and 0911726 (Vanderbilt) and EAR-0409882 and 0911728 (San Jose State).

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  1. Manuscript handled by Calvin Barnes

Received: 2014-7-14
Accepted: 2015-10-2
Published Online: 2016-2-18
Published in Print: 2016-2-1

© 2016 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Highlights and Breakthroughs
  2. The deep continental crust has a larger Mg isotopic variation than previously thought
  3. Article
  4. Magnesium isotopic composition of the deep continental crust
  5. Review
  6. Cancrinite-group minerals: Crystal-chemical description and properties under non-ambient conditions—A review
  7. Amorphous Materials: Properties, Structure, and Durability
  8. Nepheline structural and chemical dependence on melt composition
  9. Chemistry and Mineralogy of Earth's Mantle
  10. Some thermodynamic properties of larnite (β-Ca2SiO4) constrained by high T/P experiment and/or theoretical simulation
  11. Minerals in the Human Body
  12. Growth dynamics of vaterite in relation to the physico-chemical properties of its precursor, amorphous calcium carbonate, in the Ca-CO3-PO4 system
  13. Special Collection: Perspectives on Origins and Evolution of Crustal Magmas
  14. Mafic replenishments into floored silicic magma chambers
  15. Special Collection: Perspectives on Origins and Evolution of Crustal Magmas
  16. Hafnium, oxygen, neodymium, strontium, and lead isotopic constraints on magmatic evolution of the supereruptive southern Black Mountains volcanic center, Arizona, U.S.A.: A combined LASS zircon–whole-rock study
  17. Special Collection: Perspectives on Origins and Evolution of Crustal Magmas
  18. Deciphering magmatic processes in calc-alkaline plutons using trace element zoning in hornblende
  19. Special Collection: Geology and Geobiology of Lassen Volcanic National Park
  20. The Lassen hydrothermal system
  21. Article
  22. Maruyamaite, K(MgAl2)(Al5Mg)Si6O18(BO3)3(OH)3O, a potassium-dominant tourmaline from the ultrahigh-pressure Kokchetav massif, northern Kazakhstan: Description and crystal structure
  23. Article
  24. The valence quadrupole moment
  25. Article
  26. Crystal chemistry and light elements analysis of Ti-rich garnets
  27. Article
  28. XRD-TEM-AEM comparative study of n-alkylammonium smectites and interstratified minerals in shallow-diagenetic carbonate sediments of the Basque-Cantabrian Basin
  29. Article
  30. Mechanical properties of natural radiation-damaged titanite and temperature-induced structural reorganization: A nanoindentation and Raman spectroscopic study
  31. Article
  32. Jianshuiite in oceanic manganese nodules at the Paleocene-Eocene boundary
  33. Article
  34. The effect of phosphorus on manganocolumbite and mangaotantalite solubility in peralkaline to peraluminous granitic melts
  35. Article
  36. Interpretation of the infrared spectra of the lizardite-nepouite series in the near- and mid-infrared range
  37. Article
  38. In situ spectroscopic study of water intercalation into talc: New features of 10 Å phase formation
  39. Article
  40. Phase relations on the K2CO3-CaCO3-MgCO3 join at 6 GPa and 900–1400 °C: Implications for incipient melting in carbonated mantle domains
  41. Article
  42. Genesis of chromium-rich kyanite in eclogite-facies Cr-spinel-bearing gabbroic cumulates, Pohorje Massif, Eastern Alps
  43. Article
  44. Ferri-kaersutite, NaCa2(Mg3TiFe3+)(Si6Al2)O22O2, a new oxo-amphibole from Harrow Peaks, Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica
  45. Article
  46. In defense of magnetite-ilmenite thermometry in the Bishop Tuff and its implication for gradients in silicic magma reservoirs
  47. Letter
  48. Incorporation of high amounts of Na in ringwoodite: Possible implications for transport of alkali into lower mantle
  49. New Mineral Names
  50. New Mineral Names*,†
  51. Review
  52. American Mineralogist thanks the year 2015 reviewers
https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2016-5127
Keywords for this article
Volcanic center; petrogenesis; zircon; oxygen isotopes; Sr isotopes; Hf isotopes; Nd isotopes; Pb isotopes; supereruption

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Highlights and Breakthroughs
  2. The deep continental crust has a larger Mg isotopic variation than previously thought
  3. Article
  4. Magnesium isotopic composition of the deep continental crust
  5. Review
  6. Cancrinite-group minerals: Crystal-chemical description and properties under non-ambient conditions—A review
  7. Amorphous Materials: Properties, Structure, and Durability
  8. Nepheline structural and chemical dependence on melt composition
  9. Chemistry and Mineralogy of Earth's Mantle
  10. Some thermodynamic properties of larnite (β-Ca2SiO4) constrained by high T/P experiment and/or theoretical simulation
  11. Minerals in the Human Body
  12. Growth dynamics of vaterite in relation to the physico-chemical properties of its precursor, amorphous calcium carbonate, in the Ca-CO3-PO4 system
  13. Special Collection: Perspectives on Origins and Evolution of Crustal Magmas
  14. Mafic replenishments into floored silicic magma chambers
  15. Special Collection: Perspectives on Origins and Evolution of Crustal Magmas
  16. Hafnium, oxygen, neodymium, strontium, and lead isotopic constraints on magmatic evolution of the supereruptive southern Black Mountains volcanic center, Arizona, U.S.A.: A combined LASS zircon–whole-rock study
  17. Special Collection: Perspectives on Origins and Evolution of Crustal Magmas
  18. Deciphering magmatic processes in calc-alkaline plutons using trace element zoning in hornblende
  19. Special Collection: Geology and Geobiology of Lassen Volcanic National Park
  20. The Lassen hydrothermal system
  21. Article
  22. Maruyamaite, K(MgAl2)(Al5Mg)Si6O18(BO3)3(OH)3O, a potassium-dominant tourmaline from the ultrahigh-pressure Kokchetav massif, northern Kazakhstan: Description and crystal structure
  23. Article
  24. The valence quadrupole moment
  25. Article
  26. Crystal chemistry and light elements analysis of Ti-rich garnets
  27. Article
  28. XRD-TEM-AEM comparative study of n-alkylammonium smectites and interstratified minerals in shallow-diagenetic carbonate sediments of the Basque-Cantabrian Basin
  29. Article
  30. Mechanical properties of natural radiation-damaged titanite and temperature-induced structural reorganization: A nanoindentation and Raman spectroscopic study
  31. Article
  32. Jianshuiite in oceanic manganese nodules at the Paleocene-Eocene boundary
  33. Article
  34. The effect of phosphorus on manganocolumbite and mangaotantalite solubility in peralkaline to peraluminous granitic melts
  35. Article
  36. Interpretation of the infrared spectra of the lizardite-nepouite series in the near- and mid-infrared range
  37. Article
  38. In situ spectroscopic study of water intercalation into talc: New features of 10 Å phase formation
  39. Article
  40. Phase relations on the K2CO3-CaCO3-MgCO3 join at 6 GPa and 900–1400 °C: Implications for incipient melting in carbonated mantle domains
  41. Article
  42. Genesis of chromium-rich kyanite in eclogite-facies Cr-spinel-bearing gabbroic cumulates, Pohorje Massif, Eastern Alps
  43. Article
  44. Ferri-kaersutite, NaCa2(Mg3TiFe3+)(Si6Al2)O22O2, a new oxo-amphibole from Harrow Peaks, Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica
  45. Article
  46. In defense of magnetite-ilmenite thermometry in the Bishop Tuff and its implication for gradients in silicic magma reservoirs
  47. Letter
  48. Incorporation of high amounts of Na in ringwoodite: Possible implications for transport of alkali into lower mantle
  49. New Mineral Names
  50. New Mineral Names*,†
  51. Review
  52. American Mineralogist thanks the year 2015 reviewers
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