Home Literary Studies The Latin adverb ĭnde and the syntactic functions of the pronoun en from Archaic Catalan to Modern Valencian: Grammaticalisation and linguistic change
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

The Latin adverb ĭnde and the syntactic functions of the pronoun en from Archaic Catalan to Modern Valencian: Grammaticalisation and linguistic change

  • Josep E. Ribera EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: December 9, 2022
Become an author with De Gruyter Brill

Abstract

This study offers a quantitative and qualitative approach to the syntactic functions of the pronoun en from Archaic Catalan to Modern Valencian. In order to describe these, the functional behaviour of its predecessor, the Latin adverb ĭnde, is discussed, and its meanings are explained through grammaticalisation. A corpus of texts selected from the Corpus Informatitzat del Català Antic (CICA), the Corpus Informatitzat del Valencià (CIVAL) and the Corpus Informatitzat de la Gramàtica del Català Modern (CIGCMod) is analysed. The various occurrences of the pronoun en are identified, their syntactic functions are delimited and quantified, and the data are submitted to statistical analysis. The results show that the syntactic functions of en exhibit a high degree of continuity with respect to Latin ĭnde. The analysis demonstrates that partitives and lexicalisations constitute the very functional core of the pronoun en through time and they are the only functions that strongly survive in Modern Valencian. The progressive decay of the rest of the functions – a decay that in today’s language is also affecting partitives and lexicalisations – provides a faithful picture of the pathway of the linguistic change affecting Catalan. The progressive recession of the functionality of en can be considered an exponent of this linguistic change.


Supported by

This study is a contribution to the research project “Ambiguity at the grammar-pragmatics interface: structural and pragmatic factors (AMBESPRA, PID2019-104453GA-I00), funded by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades of the Gobierno de España.Acknowledgment: I would like to thank Dr. Maria Josep Cuenca for her accurate contributions to improve this work.


11 Bibliography

11.1 Corpora

CICA = Corpus Informatitzat del Català Antic, Torruella, Joan/Pérez Saldanya, Manuel/Martines, Josep (edd.), <http://www.cica.cat/index.php> [last access: 20.03.2022]. Search in Google Scholar

CIGCMod = Corpus Informatitzat de la Gramàtica del Català Modern (restricted access under petition).Search in Google Scholar

CIVAL = Corpus Informatitzat del Valencià, Academia Valenciana de la Llengua, 2013 <http://cival.avl.gva.es/cival/buscador.jsp> [last access: 20.03.2022]. Search in Google Scholar

CODOLCAT = Corpus Documentale Latinum Cataloniae, CSIC/Universitat de Barcelona/IEC, <https://gmlc.imf.csic.es/glossarium/codolcat/> [last access: 20.03.2022]. Search in Google Scholar

11.2 Studies

Badia i Margarit, Antoni Maria, Los complementos pronominalo-adverbiales derivados de ibi e inde en la Península Ibèrica, Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 1947.Search in Google Scholar

Baldi, Philip, The foundations of Latin, Berlin/New York, Mouton de Gruyter, 1999.10.1515/9783110807110Search in Google Scholar

Barcelona, Antonio, La metonímia conceptual, in: Ibarretxe, Iraide/Valenzuela, Javier (edd.), Lingüística cognitiva, Madrid, Anthropos, 2012, 123–146.Search in Google Scholar

Batllori, Montserrat, Ordre dels mots i estructura informativa a la llengua de Francesc Eiximenis, Oral presentation at the Congres Internacional Francesc Eiximenis, sis-cents anys (1409–2009), Universitat de Girona, November, 12th–14th, 2009.Search in Google Scholar

Berenguer, José Antonio, Estudio sobre las partículas indoeuropeas con base consonántica y laringal, Madrid, CSIC, 2000.Search in Google Scholar

Bourciez, Édouard, Éléments de linguistique romane, Paris, Klincksieck, 1967.Search in Google Scholar

Buridant, Claude, Grammaire nouvelle de l’ancien français, Paris, SEDES, 2000.Search in Google Scholar

Cifuentes, José Luis, El canvi lingüístic en la gramàtica cognitiva, in: Cano, Maria Antònia/Martines, Josep/Martines, Vicent/Ponsoda, Joan J. (edd.), Les claus del canvi lingüístic, Alacant, Institut Interuniversitari de Filologia Valenciana, 2002, 301–330.Search in Google Scholar

Cuenca, Maria Josep/Ribera, Josep E., Metafore metatestuali, Paradigmi. Rivista di critica filosofica 1 (2009), 101–117.Search in Google Scholar

Diez, Friedrich, Grammatik der Romanischen Sprachen, vol. 3, Bonn, Eduard Weber, 1844.Search in Google Scholar

Egerland, Verter/Cardenaletti, Anna, I pronomi personali e riflessivi, in: Salvi, Giampaolo/Renzi, Lorenzo (edd.), Grammatica dell’italiano antico, Padova, Il Mulino, 2010, 401–467Search in Google Scholar

Fischer, Susan, The Catalan clitic system. A diachronic perspective on its syntax and phonology, Berlin/New York, Mouton de Gruyter, 2002.10.1515/9783110892505Search in Google Scholar

Fruyt, Michéle, Grammaticalisation in Latin, in: Baldi, Philip/Cuzzolin, Pierluigi (edd.), New perspectives on historical Latin syntax 4: Complex sentences, grammaticalisation, typology, Berlin/New York, Mouton de Gruyter, 2009, 661–864.Search in Google Scholar

Gaffiot, Felix, Dictionnaire Latin-Français, Paris, Hachette, 1934. Search in Google Scholar

GIEC = Institut d’Estudis Catalans, Gramàtica de la llengua catalana. Barcelona, Institut d’Estudis Catalans, 2016.Search in Google Scholar

Haspelmath, Martin, From space to time. Temporal adverbials in the world’s languages, LINCOM EUROPA, München/Newcastle, 1997.Search in Google Scholar

Heberlein, Fritz, Temporal clauses, in: Baldi, Philip/Cuzzolin, Pierluigi (edd.), New perspectives on historical Latin syntax 4: Complex sentences, grammaticalisation, typology, Berlin/New York, Mouton de Gruyter, 2009, 235–371.Search in Google Scholar

Hopper, Paul J./Traugott, Elisabeth C., Grammaticalisation, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1993.Search in Google Scholar

Jensen, Frede, The syntax of Medieval Occitan, Tübingen, Max Niemeyer Verlag, 1986.10.1515/9783111329277Search in Google Scholar

Jensen, Frede, Old French and comparative Gallo-Romance syntax, Tübingen, Max Niemeyer Verlag, 1990.10.1515/9783110938166Search in Google Scholar

Jones, Michael, Sardinian syntax, London, Routledge, 1993.Search in Google Scholar

Lakoff, Georges/Johnson, Mark, Metaphors we live by, Chicago, Chicago University Press, 1980.Search in Google Scholar

Langacker, Ronald, Abstract motion, in: Langacker, Ronald (ed.), Concept, image and symbol, Berlin, Mouton de Gruyter, 1991, 149–163.Search in Google Scholar

Lausberg, Heinrich, Lingüística románica. Morfología, Madrid, Gredos, 1966.Search in Google Scholar

Luraghi, Silvia, Adverbial phrases, in: Baldi, Philip/Cuzzolin, Pierluigi (edd.), Constituent syntax 2: Adverbial phrases, adverbs, mood, tense, Berlin/New York, Mouton de Gruyter, 2009, 19–107.Search in Google Scholar

Mensching, Guido/Remberger, Eva-Maria, Morfosintassi: diacronia, in: Blasco Ferrer, Eduardo/Koch, Peter/Marzo, Daniela (edd.), Manuale di linguistica sarda, Berlin/Boston, De Gruyter, 2017, 359–375.10.1515/9783110274615-022Search in Google Scholar

Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm, Grammatik der romanischen Sprachen, vol. 3, Leipzig 1899 [Reprint Hildesheim, Olms, 1974].Search in Google Scholar

Muller, Henri François, A chronology of Vulgar Latin, Halle, Max Niemeyer, 1929.10.1515/9783112325162Search in Google Scholar

Moignet, Gerard, Grammaire de l’ancien français, Paris, Klincksieck, 1988.Search in Google Scholar

Moll, Francesc de Borja, Gramática histórica catalana, València, Publicacions de la Universitat de València, 1991 [Reprint 2006].Search in Google Scholar

Niculescu, Alexandru, La pronominalizzazione di tipo inde nelle lingue romane, in: Boudreault, Marcel/Möhren, Frankwalt (edd.), Actes du XIIIe Congrès International de Linguistique et Philologie Romanes, 1, Québec, Presses de l’Université Laval, 1976, 1183–1189.Search in Google Scholar

Nikiforidou, Kiki, The meaning of the genitive: A case study in semantic structure and semantic change, Cognitive Linguistics 2 (1991), 149–205.10.1515/cogl.1991.2.2.149Search in Google Scholar

Par, Anfós, Sintaxi catalana segons los escrits en prosa de Bernat Metge (1396), Halle, Max Niemeyer, 1923.10.1515/9783112324929Search in Google Scholar

Penello, Nicoletta, I clitici locativi in sardo, Quaderni di Lavoro dell’ASIt 6 (2005), 1–17.Search in Google Scholar

Pult, Chasper, and, in: Diczunari Rumantsch Grischun, vol. 1, Cuoira, Bischofberger, 1941, 262–263.Search in Google Scholar

Ribbeck, Otto, Beiträge zur Lehre der lateinischen Partikeln, Leipzig, B. G. Teubner, 1869.Search in Google Scholar

Ribera, Josep E., Text deixis in narrative sequences, in: Valenzuela, Javier/Rojo, Ana/Cifuentes, Paula (edd.), Cognitive linguistics: from words to discourse, International Journal of English Studies (IJES) Special Issue, 7:1 (2007), 149–168.Search in Google Scholar

Ribera, Josep E., “L’ambaixador dels Estats Units a Espanya no solta una en castellà”. Gènesi i mort de l’adverbial partitiu en, Braçal 50 (2014), 17–30.Search in Google Scholar

Ribera, Josep E., “Açò és veritat, y·n fas memòria per a l’esdevenidor”. Una introducció a la sintaxi del pronom adverbial en en valencià modern (1601–1832), eHumanista/IIVITRA 14 (2018), 621–645.Search in Google Scholar

Ribera, Josep E., La sintaxi dels pronoms clítics no personals en català antic, Alacant, Universitat d’Alacant, 2020.Search in Google Scholar

Ribera, Josep E./Cuenca, Maria Josep, Use and translation of demonstratives in fiction: a contrastive approach (English-Catalan), Catalan Review 27 (2013), 27–50.10.3828/CATR.27.1.27Search in Google Scholar

Rigau, Gemma, Els complements adjunts, in: Solà, Joan/Lloret, Maria Rosa/Mascaró, Joan/Pérez Saldanya, Manuel (edd.), Gramàtica del català contemporani, vol. 2, 2002, 2045–2110.Search in Google Scholar

Rosén, Hannah, Coherence, sentence modification, and sentence-part modification – the contribution of particles”, in: Baldi, Philip/Cuzzolin, Pierluigi (edd.), New perspectives on historical Latin syntax 1: Syntax of the sentence, Berlin/New York, Mouton de Gruyter, 2009, 317–441.Search in Google Scholar

Teyssier, Paul, Le système des déictiques spatiaux en portugais aux XIVe, XVe et XVIe siècles, Cahiers de linguistique hispanique médiévale 6 (1981), 5–39. DOI: 10.3406/cehm.1981.1003.10.3406/cehm.1981.1003Search in Google Scholar

Traugott, Elisabeth C./König, Ekkehard, The semantics-pragmatics of grammaticalisation revisited, in: Heine, Bernd/Traugott, Elisabeth C. (edd.), Approches to grammaticalisation, volume I. Focus on theoretical and methodological issues, Amsterdam/Philadelphia, Benjamins, 1991, 149–187.Search in Google Scholar

Vaan, Michiel de, Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden/Boston, Brill, 2016.Search in Google Scholar

Väänänen, Veikko, Introducción al latín vulgar, Madrid, Gredos, 1968.Search in Google Scholar

11.3 References of the examples

11.3.1 Latin examples

The Latin examples can be found on <https://www.thelatinlibrary.com/>, except (2b), obtained from Heberlein (2009, 283). The translations into English of the Latin examples are from the following works: Search in Google Scholar

Cicero, Letters to atticus, with an english translation by E. O. Winsted, Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1918 (Reprint 1961)Search in Google Scholar

Plautus, The Comedies of Plautus, vol. 1. Translated by Henry Thomas Riley, London, G. Bell and Sons, 1880.Search in Google Scholar

Quintilian, The Institutio Oratoria of Quintilian. Translated by Harold Edgeworth Butler, Cambridge, Mass./London, Harvard University Press/William Heinemann, 1920.Search in Google Scholar

Terence, The Comedies of Terence. Translated by Henry Thomas Riley, Ney York, Harper and Brothers, 1896.Search in Google Scholar

11.3.2 Catalan examples

Aierdi, Notícies = Aierdi, Joaquim Dietari. Notícies de València i son regne, de 1661 a 1664 i de1667 a 1679. Curated by Vicent Josep Escartí, Barcelona, Barcino, 1999.Search in Google Scholar

Antiquitats I, II i III = El Libre de Antiquitats de la Seu de València, study and edition curated by Joaquim Martí i Mestre, Barcelona/València, Publicacions de l’Abadia de Montserrat/Institut Interuniversitari de Filologia Valenciana, 1994, vol.1, 37–188 (I), 189–217 (II), 217–261 (III).Search in Google Scholar

Castellbisbal = Capbreu de Castellbisbal, in: Moran, Josep/Rabella, Joan Antón (edd.), Primers textos de la llengua catalana, Barcelona, Proa, Clàssics Catalans 1(2001), 84–85.Search in Google Scholar

Decameró = Joan Bocaccio, Decameron, Traducció catalana publicada segons l’únic manuscrit conegut (any 1429), Barcelona, AHR, 1964.Search in Google Scholar

Galiana, Rondalla = Pellicer Borràs, Joan Enric, La “Rondalla de Rondalles” de Lluís Galiana. Estudi lingüístic i edició. València, Ajuntament d’Ontinyent/Institut Interuniversitari de Filologia Valenciana/Universitat de València, 1996.Search in Google Scholar

Graudescales = Greuges dels homes de Sant Pere de Graudescales, in: Moran, Josep/Rabella, Joan Antón (edd.), Primers textos de la llengua catalana, Barcelona, Proa, Clàssics Catalans 1 (2001), 68–70.Search in Google Scholar

Guitard = Greuges de Guitard Isarn, senyor de Caboet, in: Moran, Josep/Rabella, Joan Antón (edd.), Primers textos de la llengua catalana, Barcelona, Proa, Clàssics Catalans 1 (2001), 58–60.Search in Google Scholar

Jaume i, Fets = Llibre dels fets del rei en Jaume, vol. 2, curated by Jordi Bruguera, Barcelona, Barcino, 1991.Search in Google Scholar

Martorell, Tirant = Joanot Martorell, Tirant lo Blanch, curated by Albert Hauf, València, Tirant lo Blanch, 2005.Search in Google Scholar

Lobeira = Abusos comesos a Lleida per Peire de Lobeira, historic study by Jordi Bolòs, linguistic sutdy by Josep Moran, Barcelona, IEC, 2017, 58–62.Search in Google Scholar

Medieval = Paul Russell-Gebbett, Mediaeval Catalan Linguistic Texts, Oxford, The Dolphin Book Co.LTD, 67.Search in Google Scholar

Muntaner, Crònica = Ramon Muntaner, Crònica, curated by Josep Antoni Aguilar, PhD Dissertation, València, Universitat de València.Search in Google Scholar

Organyà = Homilies d’Organyà, curated by Amadeu-Jesús Soberanas, Andreu Rossinyol i Armand Puig, Barcelona, Barcino, 2001.Search in Google Scholar

Planells, Esteve = Escartí, Vicent Josep La Vida del pare Pere Esteve, de Leopold Ignasi Planells (1760), Dénia, Parroquia de l’Assumpció, 2006.Search in Google Scholar

Puigfalconer = Queixes de l’església de Puigfalconer, in: Russell-Gebbett, Paul (ed.), Mediaeval Catalan Linguistic Texts, Oxford, The Dolphin Book Co.LTD, 98–99.Search in Google Scholar

Porcar, Coses = Lozano, Josep (ed.), Pere Joan Porcar: Coses evengudes en la ciutat y regne de València. Dietari (1585–1629) 2 vol., València, Universitat de València, 2012.Search in Google Scholar

Sivera Satorres, Colecsió = Colecsió de varies conversásions alusives al nòu sistema constitucional que pasaren entre els dos acreditats patriòtes Saro Perrengue, carreter del poble de Godella, y el Dotor Cudòl, abogat de esta ciutat de Valensia en el añ 1820, Biblioteca Valenciana Digital, <https://bivaldi.gva.es/es/catalogo_imagenes/grupo.do?path=1013858> [last access: 20.03.2022].Search in Google Scholar

Vides = Maneikis Kniazzeh, Charlotte S./Neugaard, Edward J. (edd.), Vides de Sants Rosselloneses, vol. 2, Barcelona, Fundació Salvador Vives Casajuana, 1977.Search in Google Scholar

Published Online: 2022-12-09
Published in Print: 2022-12-08

© 2022 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Frontmatter
  3. Thematischer Teil
  4. Prefazione
  5. Aspetti testuali e problemi linguistici (di datazione e localizzazione) dell’antica lingua del cibo
  6. I ricettari federiciani: appunti di lavoro
  7. Aggiornamenti sulla lingua dei Banchetti di Cristoforo Messi Sbugo
  8. Il ricettario della Santissima Annunziata di Firenze
  9. Il cuoco reale e cittadino (1724): un ricettario tradotto e integrato
  10. Ricettari regionali e lessico gastronomico napoletano d’età borbonica
  11. La cucina delle parole
  12. Aufsatz
  13. Zur Subversion des höfischen Liebesdiskurses: Christine de Pizans Cent Ballades d’amant et de dame (1409–1410) zwischen Erotik, Misogynie und marienhafter Selbstinszenierung
  14. Variantes d’éditeurs et évolution syntaxique au XVIe siècle
  15. De la V1 à la V2 de la Cité des dames de Christine de Pizan : étude de quelques révisions linguistiques
  16. The Latin adverb ĭnde and the syntactic functions of the pronoun en from Archaic Catalan to Modern Valencian: Grammaticalisation and linguistic change
  17. Miszellen
  18. Fr. pochard adj./s.m. ‘ivrogne’ : étymologie et histoire
  19. « Mon cors stracoruza » : une note lexicale franco-italienne
  20. It. mosciame ‘filetto di tonno essiccato e salatoʼ
  21. Besprechungen
  22. Eugenio Coseriu, Geschichte der romanischen Sprachwissenschaft, vol. 3: Das 17. und 18. Jahrhundert, Teil 1: Italien – Spanien – Portugal – Katalonien – Frankreich, bearbeitet und herausgegeben von Wolf Dietrich, Tübingen, Narr Francke Attempto, 2021, 660 S.
  23. Sabine Lange-Mauriège, Die Pilgerfahrt des träumenden Mönchs. Entstehungsgeschichte und kulturhistorische Verortung der Kölner Übersetzung des «Pèlerinage de vie humaine», Köln, Erzbischöfliche Diözesan- und Dombibliothek mit Bibliothek St. Albertus Magnus, 2021, XIV + 421 p.
  24. Claude Buridant, Grammaire du français médiéval (XIe–XIVe siècles), Strasbourg, Société de Linguistique Romane / ELiPhi, 2019, XXIV + 1173 p.
  25. Thibaut Radomme, Le Privilège des Livres. Bilinguisme et concurrence culturelle dans le « Roman de Fauvel » remanié et dans les gloses au premier livre de l’« Ovide moralisé » (Publications Romanes et Françaises), Genève, Droz, 2021, 903 p.
  26. Vincent Balnat, L’appellativisation du prénom. Étude contrastive allemand-français, Tübingen, Narr/Francke/Attempto, 2018, XI + 286 p.
  27. Antje Lobin / Eva-Tabea Meinke (edd.), Handbuch Italienisch. Sprache – Literatur – Kultur. Für Studium und Praxis, Berlin, Erich Schmidt Verlag, 2021, XIV + 691 p.
  28. Nuove prospettive sul lombardo antico. Atti del convegno internazionale, Roma, 14–15 novembre 2019, a cura di Elisa De Roberto e Raymund Wilhelm. Con la collaborazione di Lisa Struckl, Heidelberg, Universitätsverlag Winter, 2022, 200 p.
  29. Kurzbesprechungen
  30. Eugenio Coseriu, Geschichte der romanischen Sprachwissenschaft, vol. 4: Das 17. und 18. Jahrhundert, Teil 2: «Provenzalisch» – Rumänisch – Rätoromanisch – England – Deutschland – historisch-vergleichende Romanistik – Raynouard – Schlegel, bearbeitet und herausgegeben von Wolf Dietrich, Tübingen, Narr Francke Attempto, 2022, 310 S.
  31. Kurzbesprechungen
  32. Peter Haidu, The “Philomena” of Chrétien the Jew. The semiotics of evil, edited by Matilda Tomaryn Bruckner, Oxford, Legenda, 2020, 170 p.
  33. Francisco Pedro Pla Colomer / Santiago Vicente Llavata, La materia de Troya en la Edad Media hispánica. Historia textual y codificación fraseológica, Madrid/Frankfurt am Main, Iberoamericana-Vervuert, 2020, 278 p.
  34. L’«Inferno» di Claudio Sacchi, Firenze, Olschki, 2021, 87 p.
  35. «Nel lago del cor». Letture dantesche all’Università della Svizzera italiana (2012–2016), a cura di Stefano Prandi, Firenze, Olschki, 2021, 273 p.
  36. Karlheinz Stierle, Dante-Studien, Heidelberg, Winter, 2021, 295 p.
  37. Matteo Maria Boiardo, Asino d’oro (da Apuleio), a cura di Matteo Favaretto, Novara, Centro Studi Matteo Maria Boiardo-Interlinea, 2021
  38. Tiziana Plebani (ed.), Il testamento di Marco Polo. Il documento, la storia, il contesto, Milano, Edizioni Unicopli, 2019, 201 p.
  39. Nachruf
  40. Christian Schmitt (27. März 1944–4. September 2022)
Downloaded on 11.1.2026 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/zrp-2022-0063/html
Scroll to top button