Abstract
Nanocrystals (NCs) offer great opportunities for developing novel light-emitting devices possessing superior properties such as high quality indoor lighting, efficient outdoor lighting, and display backlighting with increased color definition. The narrow-band emission spectra of these materials also offer opportunities to protect the human daily biological rhythm against the adverse effects of display backlighting. For this purpose, here we address this problem using color converting NCs and analyzed the effect of the NC integrated color converting light-emitting diode (NC LED) backlight spectra on the human circadian rhythm. We employed the three existing models including the circadian light, the melanopic sensitivity function, and the circadian effect factor by simultaneously satisfying the National Television Standards Committee (NTSC) requirements. The results show that NC LED backlighting exhibits (i) 33% less disruption on the circadian cycle if the same color gamut of the commercially available YAG:Ce LED is targeted and (ii) 34% wider color gamut while causing 4.1% weaker disruption on the circadian rhythm compared to YAG:Ce LED backlight if the NTSC color gamut is fully reproduced. Furthermore, we found out that blue and green emission peaks have to be located at 465 with 30 nm bandwidth and at 535 nm with 20 nm bandwidth, respectively, for a circadian rhythm friendly design while the red component offers flexibility around the peak emission wavelength at 636 nm as opposed to the requirements of quality indoor lighting. These design considerations introduced as a new design perspective for the displays of future will help avoiding the disruption of the human circadian rhythm.
Acknowledgements
We gratefully acknowledge ESF EURYI and EU-FP7 Nanophotonics4Energy NoE. H.V.D. acknowledges additional support from TUBA and T.E. acknowledges support from TUBITAK BIDEB. We also acknowledge M. Figueiro for her helps in CL calculations.
References
1. T. Erdem, H. V. Demir, Nanophotonics 5 (2016) 74.10.1515/nanoph-2016-0009Suche in Google Scholar
2. M. Adam, N. Gaponik, A. Eychmüller, T. Erdem, Z. Soran-Erdem, H. V. Demir, J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 7 (2016) 4117.10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b01699Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
3. T. Erdem, Y. Kelestemur, Z. Soran-Erdem, Y. Ji, H. V. Demir, Nanophotonics 3 (2014) 373.10.1515/nanoph-2014-0016Suche in Google Scholar
4. M. V. Kovalenko, L. Manna, A. Cabot, Z. Hens, D. V. Talapin, C. R. Kagan, V. I. Klimov, A. L. Rogach, P. Reiss, D. J. Milliron, P. Guyot-Sionnnest, G. Konstantatos, W. J. Parak, T. Hyeon, B. A. Korgel, C. B. Murray, W. Heiss, ACS Nano 9 (2015) 1012.10.1021/nn506223hSuche in Google Scholar PubMed
5. M. G. Figueiro, J. Light Vis. Env. 37 (2013) 51.10.2150/jlve.IEIJ130000503Suche in Google Scholar
6. J. S. Terman, J. S. M. Terman, E. S. Lo, T. B. Cooper, Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 58 (2001) 69.10.1001/archpsyc.58.1.69Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
7. M. G. Figueiro, M. S. Rea, P. R. Boyce, R. White, K. Kolberg, J. Perinatol. Neonatol. 14 (2001) 29.Suche in Google Scholar
8. R. R. Auger, H. J. Burgess, R. A. Dierkhising, R. G. Sharma, N. L. Slocumb, Chronobiol. Int. 28 (2011) 911.10.3109/07420528.2011.619906Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
9. C. I. Eastman, M. A. Young, L. F. Fogg, Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 55 (1998) 883.10.1001/archpsyc.55.10.883Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
10. R. G. Stevens, Am. J. Epidemiol. 125 (1987) 556.10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114569Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
11. T. Erdem, PhD Thesis, Bilkent University (2016).Suche in Google Scholar
12. O. Graydon, Nat. Photon. 5 (2011) 1.10.1038/nphoton.2011.139Suche in Google Scholar
13. T. Erdem, H. V. Demir, Nature Photon. 5 (2011) 126.10.1038/nphoton.2011.25Suche in Google Scholar
14. S. Nizamoglu, T. Erdem, X. W. Sun, H. V. Demir, Opt. Lett. 35 (2010) 3372.10.1364/OL.35.003372Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
15. T. Erdem, S. Nizamoglu, X. W. Sun, H. V. Demir, Opt. Express 18 (2010) 340.10.1364/OE.18.000340Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
16. T. Erdem, H. V. Demir, Nanophotonics 2 (2013) 57.10.1515/nanoph-2012-0031Suche in Google Scholar
17. H. V. Demir, S. Nizamoglu, T. Erdem, E. Mutlugun, N. Gaponik, A. Eychmüller, Nano Today 6 (2011) 632.10.1016/j.nantod.2011.10.006Suche in Google Scholar
18. E. Jang, S. Jun, H. Jang, J. Lim, B. Kim, Y. Kim, Adv. Mater. 22 (2010) 3076.10.1002/adma.201000525Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
19. http://blog.pgi.com/2013/10/screen-fiends-infographic-reveals-shocking-truths-technology-usage-screen-time/ (2013). Accessed February 12, 2018.Suche in Google Scholar
20. M. G. Figueiro, B. Wood, B. Plitnick, M. S. Rea, Neuroendocrinol. Lett. 32 (2011) 158.Suche in Google Scholar
21. B. Wood, M. S. Rea, B. Plitnick, M. G. Figueiro, Appl. Ergon. 44 (2013) 237.10.1016/j.apergo.2012.07.008Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
22. C. Cajochen, S. Frey, D. Anders, J. Späti, M. Bues, A. Pross, R. Mager, A. Wirz-Justice, O. Stefani, J. Appl. Physiol. 110 (2011) 1432.10.1152/japplphysiol.00165.2011Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
23. F.lux, https://justgetflux.com/ (2009). Accessed February 12, 2018.Suche in Google Scholar
24. Redshift, http://jonls.dk/redshift/ (2009). Accessed February 12, 2018.Suche in Google Scholar
25. D. Berson, F. Dunn, M. Takao, Science 295 (2002) 1070.10.1126/science.1067262Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
26. S. Hattar, R. J. Lucas, N. Mrosovsky, S. Thompson, R. H. Douglas, M. W. Hankins, J. Lem, M. Biel, F. Hofmann, R. G. Foster, K.-W. Yau, Nature 424 (2003) 75.10.1038/nature01761Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
27. N. F. Ruby, T. J. Brennan, X. Xie, V. Cao, P. Franken, H. C. Heller, B. F. O’Hara, Science 298 (2002) 2211.10.1126/science.1076701Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
28. M. S. Rea, M. G. Figueiro, A. Bierman, J. D. Bullough, J. Circadian Rhythms 8 (2010) 1.10.1186/1740-3391-8-2Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
29. J. Enezi, V. Revell, T. Brown, J. Wynne, L. Schlangen, R. Lucas, J. Biol. Rhythms 26 (2011) 314.10.1177/0748730411409719Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
30. D. Gall, C. Vandahl, K. Bieske, Licht für den Menschen: 10. Europäischer Lichtkongress Berlin; 2005. https://www.db-thueringen.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/dbt_derivate_00008658/LuxEuropa2005_GVB.pdf. Accessed February 12, 2018.Suche in Google Scholar
31. Lumileds. Luxeon DCC for LCD backlighting. Application Brief [PDF on Internet]. Available from: http://www.philipslumileds.com/uploads/215/AB27-PDF (2005). Accessed February 12, 2018.Suche in Google Scholar
32. T. M. Brown, J. Wynne, H. D. Piggins, R. J. Lucas, J. Physiol. 589 (2011) 1173.10.1113/jphysiol.2010.199877Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
33. G. C. Brainard, J. P. Hanifin, J. M. Greeson, B. Byrne, G. Glickman, E. Gerner, M. D. Rollag, J. Neurosci. 21 (2001) 6405.10.1523/JNEUROSCI.21-16-06405.2001Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
34. K. Thapan, J. Arendt, D. J. Skene, J. Physiol. 535 (2001) 261.10.1111/j.1469-7793.2001.t01-1-00261.xSuche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
35. M. S. Rea, M. G. Figueiro, A. Bierman, R. Hamner, Lighting Res. Technol. 44 (2012) 386.10.1177/1477153511430474Suche in Google Scholar
©2018 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Preface
- Congratulations to Alexander Eychmüller
- Halogens in the Synthesis of Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystals
- Controlled Aqueous Synthesis of CdSe Quantum Dots using Double-Hydrophilic Block Copolymers as Stabilizers
- Fabrication of Ag2S/CdS Heterostructured Nanosheets via Self-Limited Cation Exchange
- Ion-Selective Ligands: How Colloidal Nano- and Micro-Particles Can Introduce New Functionalities
- TEM, FTIR and Electrochemistry Study: Desorption of PVP from Pt Nanocubes
- Incorporation of CdTe Nanocrystals into Metal Oxide Matrices Towards Inorganic Nanocomposite Materials
- Diatoms – A “Green” Way to Biosynthesize Gold-Silica Nanocomposites?
- Evidence for Photo-Switchable Carrier Mobilities in Blends of PbS Nanocrystals and Photochromic Dithienylcyclopentene Derivatives
- Gelation-Assisted Layer-by-Layer Deposition of High Performance Nanocomposites
- Enhancement of the Fluorescence Quantum Yield of Thiol-Stabilized CdTe Quantum Dots Through Surface Passivation with Sodium Chloride and Bicarbonate
- Fluorescence Quenching of CdTe Quantum Dots with Co (III) Complexes via Electrostatic Assembly Formation
- Colloidal Photoluminescent Refractive Index Nanosensor Using Plasmonic Effects
- Towards Low-Toxic Colloidal Quantum Dots
- Color-Enrichment Semiconductor Nanocrystals for Biorhythm-Friendly Backlighting
- Transient Absorption Studies on Nanostructured Materials and Composites: Towards the Development of New Photocatalytic Systems
- Transient Spectroscopy of Glass-Embedded Perovskite Quantum Dots: Novel Structures in an Old Wrapping
- Energy Transfer Between Single Semiconductor Quantum Dots and Organic Dye Molecules
- Chemical Routes to Surface Enhanced Infrared Absorption (SEIRA) Substrates
- Plasmonic Cu/CuCl/Cu2S/Ag and Cu/CuCl/Cu2S/Au Supports with Peroxidase-Like Activity: Insights from Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
- n-Type Cu2O/α-Fe2O3 Heterojunctions by Electrochemical Deposition: Tuning of Cu2O Thickness for Maximum Photoelectrochemical Performance
- The Photoelectrochemistry of Assemblies of Semiconductor Nanoparticles at Interfaces
- Surface-Charge Dependent Orientation of Water at the Interface of a Gold Electrode: A Cluster Study
- Single Particle Spectroscopy of Radiative Processes in Colloid-to-Film-Coupled Nanoantennas
- Coupled Plasmon Resonances and Gap Modes in Laterally Assembled Gold Nanorod Arrays
- Anisotropy of Structure and Optical Properties of Self-Assembled and Oriented Colloidal CdSe Nanoplatelets
- Simple Electroless Synthesis of Cobalt Nanoparticle Chains, Oriented by Externally Applied Magnetic Fields
- Functionalization of Graphene Aerogels and their Applications in Energy Storage and Conversion
- Macroscopic Aerogels with Retained Nanoscopic Plasmonic Properties
- Application of Aqueous-Based Covalent Crosslinking Strategies to the Formation of Metal Chalcogenide Gels and Aerogels
- Cellulose-Based Hydrogels with Controllable Electrical and Mechanical Properties
- Naphthalenetetracarboxylic Diimide Derivatives: Molecular Structure, Thin Film Properties and Solar Cell Applications
- Metal-Phenolic Encapsulated Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for pH-Responsive Drug Delivery and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Extraction of K2CO3 from Low Concentration [K+] Solutions with the Aid of CO2: A Study on the Metastable Phase Equilibrium of K2CO3-Na2CO3-H2O Ternary System
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Preface
- Congratulations to Alexander Eychmüller
- Halogens in the Synthesis of Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystals
- Controlled Aqueous Synthesis of CdSe Quantum Dots using Double-Hydrophilic Block Copolymers as Stabilizers
- Fabrication of Ag2S/CdS Heterostructured Nanosheets via Self-Limited Cation Exchange
- Ion-Selective Ligands: How Colloidal Nano- and Micro-Particles Can Introduce New Functionalities
- TEM, FTIR and Electrochemistry Study: Desorption of PVP from Pt Nanocubes
- Incorporation of CdTe Nanocrystals into Metal Oxide Matrices Towards Inorganic Nanocomposite Materials
- Diatoms – A “Green” Way to Biosynthesize Gold-Silica Nanocomposites?
- Evidence for Photo-Switchable Carrier Mobilities in Blends of PbS Nanocrystals and Photochromic Dithienylcyclopentene Derivatives
- Gelation-Assisted Layer-by-Layer Deposition of High Performance Nanocomposites
- Enhancement of the Fluorescence Quantum Yield of Thiol-Stabilized CdTe Quantum Dots Through Surface Passivation with Sodium Chloride and Bicarbonate
- Fluorescence Quenching of CdTe Quantum Dots with Co (III) Complexes via Electrostatic Assembly Formation
- Colloidal Photoluminescent Refractive Index Nanosensor Using Plasmonic Effects
- Towards Low-Toxic Colloidal Quantum Dots
- Color-Enrichment Semiconductor Nanocrystals for Biorhythm-Friendly Backlighting
- Transient Absorption Studies on Nanostructured Materials and Composites: Towards the Development of New Photocatalytic Systems
- Transient Spectroscopy of Glass-Embedded Perovskite Quantum Dots: Novel Structures in an Old Wrapping
- Energy Transfer Between Single Semiconductor Quantum Dots and Organic Dye Molecules
- Chemical Routes to Surface Enhanced Infrared Absorption (SEIRA) Substrates
- Plasmonic Cu/CuCl/Cu2S/Ag and Cu/CuCl/Cu2S/Au Supports with Peroxidase-Like Activity: Insights from Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
- n-Type Cu2O/α-Fe2O3 Heterojunctions by Electrochemical Deposition: Tuning of Cu2O Thickness for Maximum Photoelectrochemical Performance
- The Photoelectrochemistry of Assemblies of Semiconductor Nanoparticles at Interfaces
- Surface-Charge Dependent Orientation of Water at the Interface of a Gold Electrode: A Cluster Study
- Single Particle Spectroscopy of Radiative Processes in Colloid-to-Film-Coupled Nanoantennas
- Coupled Plasmon Resonances and Gap Modes in Laterally Assembled Gold Nanorod Arrays
- Anisotropy of Structure and Optical Properties of Self-Assembled and Oriented Colloidal CdSe Nanoplatelets
- Simple Electroless Synthesis of Cobalt Nanoparticle Chains, Oriented by Externally Applied Magnetic Fields
- Functionalization of Graphene Aerogels and their Applications in Energy Storage and Conversion
- Macroscopic Aerogels with Retained Nanoscopic Plasmonic Properties
- Application of Aqueous-Based Covalent Crosslinking Strategies to the Formation of Metal Chalcogenide Gels and Aerogels
- Cellulose-Based Hydrogels with Controllable Electrical and Mechanical Properties
- Naphthalenetetracarboxylic Diimide Derivatives: Molecular Structure, Thin Film Properties and Solar Cell Applications
- Metal-Phenolic Encapsulated Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for pH-Responsive Drug Delivery and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Extraction of K2CO3 from Low Concentration [K+] Solutions with the Aid of CO2: A Study on the Metastable Phase Equilibrium of K2CO3-Na2CO3-H2O Ternary System