Home Membrane technologies for sports supplementation
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

Membrane technologies for sports supplementation

  • Maciej Staszak ORCID logo EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: January 6, 2022
Become an author with De Gruyter Brill

Abstract

The important developments in membrane techniques used in the dairy industrial processes to whey manufacturing are discussed. Particular emphasis is placed on the description of membrane processes, characterization of protein products, biological issues related to bacteriophages contamination, and modeling of the processes. This choice was dictated by the observed research works and consumer trends, who increasingly appreciate healthy food and its taste qualities.


Corresponding author: Maciej Staszak, Institute of Technology and Chemical Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, Poznan, Poland, E-mail:

  1. Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.

  2. Research funding: This work was supported by the Polish Ministry of Education and Science.

  3. Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.

References

1. Bull, FC, Al-Ansari, SS, Biddle, S, Borodulin, K, Buman, MP, Cardon, G, et al.. World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Br J Sports Med 2020;54:1451–62. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-102955.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

2. Strength training, bodybuilding & online supplement store | T Nation. https://www.t-nation.com/ [Accessed 17 Feb 2021].Search in Google Scholar

3. Sports nutrition market size & growth report, 2021–2028. https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/sports-nutrition-market [Accessed 22 Sept 2021].Search in Google Scholar

4. Shaping the future of new ingredients – FrieslandCampina Ingredients. https://www.frieslandcampinaingredients.com/insight/shaping-the-future-of-new-ingredients/ [Accessed 22 Sept 2021].Search in Google Scholar

5. Clean nutrition & healthy living – Orgain.” https://orgain.com/ [Accessed 22 Sept 2021].Search in Google Scholar

6. The 2020 IHRSA Health Club Consumer Report | IHRSA. https://www.ihrsa.org/publications/the-2020-ihrsa-health-club-consumer-report/ [accessed 22 Sept 2021].Search in Google Scholar

7. OstroVit – sport nutrition & food supplement. https://ostrovit.com/en/ [accessed 22 Sept 2021].Search in Google Scholar

8. Capsugel® Dosage Forms | Lonza Capsules & Health Ingredients. https://www.capsugel.com/ [accessed 22 Sept 2021].Search in Google Scholar

9. Huang, WC, Lee, MC, Lee, CC, Ng, KS, Hsu, YJ, Tsai, TY, et al.. Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum TWK10 on exercise physiological adaptation, performance, and body composition in healthy humans. Nutrients 2019;11:2836. https://doi.org/10.3390/NU11112836.Search in Google Scholar

10. Huang, WC, Hsu, YJ, Li, H, Kan, NW, Chen, YM, Lin, JS, et al.. Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum TWK10 on improving endurance performance in humans. Chin J Physiol 2018;61:163–70. https://doi.org/10.4077/CJP.2018.BAH587.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

11. Lengelé, L, Moehlinger, P, Bruyère, O, Locquet, M, Reginster, JY, Beaudart, C. Association between changes in nutrient intake and changes in muscle strength and physical performance in the sarcophage cohort. Nutrients 2020;12:1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12113485.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

12. Bloomer, RJ, Schriefer, JH, Gunnels, TA, Lee, SR, Sable, HJ, Van der Merwe, M, et al.. Nutrient intake and physical exercise significantly impact physical performance, body composition, blood lipids, oxidative stress, and inflammation in male rats. Nutrients 2018;10:1109. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10081109.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

13. Lukaski, HC. Vitamin and mineral status: effects on physical performance. Nutrition 2004;20:632–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2004.04.001.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

14. Camargo, LR, Doneda, D, Oliveira, VR. Whey protein ingestion in elderly diet and the association with physical, performance and clinical outcomes. Exp Gerontol 2020;137:110936. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2020.110936.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

15. Coelho-Júnior, HJ, Milano-Teixeira, L, Rodrigues, B, Bacurau, R, Marzetti, E, Uchida, M. Relative protein intake and physical function in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Nutrients 2018;10:1330. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10091330.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

16. Ortega-Becerra, M, Pareja-Blanco, F, Jiménez-Reyes, P, Cuadrado-Peñafiel, V, González-Badillo, JJ. Determinant factors of physical performance and specific throwing in handball players of different ages. J Strength Condit Res 2018;32:1778–86. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000002050.Search in Google Scholar

17. Van Cutsem, J, Marcora, S, De Pauw, K, Bailey, S, Meeusen, R, Roelands, B. The effects of mental fatigue on physical performance: a systematic review. Sports Med 2017;47:1569–88. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0672-0.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

18. Ikegami, S, Takahashi, J, Uehara, M, Tokida, R, Nishimura, H, Sakai, A, et al.. Physical performance reflects cognitive function, fall risk, and quality of life in community-dwelling older people. Sci Rep 2019;9:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-48793-y.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

19. Ross, R, Rissanen, J, Pedwell, H, Clifford, J, Shragge, P. Influence of diet and exercise on skeletal muscle and visceral adipose tissue in men. J Appl Physiol 1996;81:2445–55. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1996.81.6.2445.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

20. de Ridder, D, Kroese, F, Evers, C, Adriaanse, M, Gillebaart, M. Healthy diet: health impact, prevalence, correlates, and interventions. Psychol Health 2017;32:907–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2017.1316849.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

21. Kephart, W, Pledge, CD, Roberson, PA, Mumford, PW, Romero, MA, Mobley, CB, et al.. The three-month effects of a ketogenic diet on body composition, blood parameters, and performance metrics in CrossFit trainees: a pilot study. Sports 2018;6:1. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports6010001.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

22. Edholm, P, Strandberg, E, Kadi, F. Lower limb explosive strength capacity in elderly women: effects of resistance training and healthy diet. J Appl Physiol 2017;123:190–6. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00924.2016.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

23. Morgovan, C, Ghibu, S, Juncan, AM, Rus, LL, Butucă, A, Vonica, L, et al.. Nutrivigilance: a new activity IN the field OF dietary supplements. Farmacia 2019;67:3. https://doi.org/10.31925/farmacia.2019.3.24.Search in Google Scholar

24. Mazzeo, F. Attitude and practice of substance misuse and dietary supplements to improve performance in sport. J Subst Use 2019;24:581–6. https://doi.org/10.1080/14659891.2019.1642410.Search in Google Scholar

25. Jędrejko, K, Lazur, J, Muszyńska, B. Risk associated with the use of selected ingredients in food supplements. Chem Biodivers 2021;18:e2000686. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.202000686.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

26. Morr, CV, Ha, EYW. Whey protein concentrates and isolates: processing and functional properties. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 1993;33:431–76. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408399309527643.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

27. Kinsella, JE, Melachouris, N. Functional properties of proteins in foods: a survey. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2009;7:219–80. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408397609527208.Search in Google Scholar

28. Poluri, KM, Gulati, K, Sarkar, S. Structural and functional properties of proteins. In: Protein-protein interactions. Singapore: Springer; 2021. 1–60. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1594-8_1.Search in Google Scholar

29. Huecker, M, Sarav, M, Pearlman, M, Laster, J. Protein supplementation in sport: source, timing, and intended benefits. Curr Nutr Rep 2019;8:382–96. https://doi.org/10.1007/S13668-019-00293-1.Search in Google Scholar

30. Hoffman, JR, Falvo, MJ. Protein – which is best? J Sports Sci Med 2004;3:118.Search in Google Scholar

31. Koltuniewicz, AB, Field, RW, Arnot, TC. Cross-flow and dead-end microfiltration of oily-water emulsion. Part I: experimental study and analysis of flux decline. J Membr Sci 1995;102:193–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/0376-7388(94)00320-X.Search in Google Scholar

32. van Reis, R, Zydney, A. Bioprocess membrane technology. J Membr Sci 2007;297:16–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2007.02.045.Search in Google Scholar

33. Kumar, P, Sharma, N, Ranjan, R, Kumar, S, Bhat, ZF, Jeong, DK. Perspective of membrane technology in dairy industry: a review. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2013;26:1347–58. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2013.13082.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

34. Turan, M, Ates, A, Inanc, B. Fouling of reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membranes by dairy industry effluents. Water Sci Technol 2002;45:355–60. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0446.Search in Google Scholar

35. Inc, I. Membrane technology benefits the food processing industry. Filtr Sep 2004;41:32–3. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-1882(05)00411-8.Search in Google Scholar

36. Arunkumar, A, Etzel, MR. Fractionation of α-lactalbumin from β-lactoglobulin using positively charged tangential flow ultrafiltration membranes. Separ Purif Technol 2013;105:121–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2012.12.018.Search in Google Scholar

37. Voswinkel, L, Kulozik, U. Fractionation of whey proteins by means of membrane adsorption chromatography. Procedia Food Sci 2011;1:900–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.profoo.2011.09.136.Search in Google Scholar

38. Teepakorn, C, Fiaty, K, Charcosset, C. Optimization of lactoferrin and bovine serum albumin separation using ion-exchange membrane chromatography. Separ Purif Technol 2015;151:292–302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2015.07.046.Search in Google Scholar

39. Ghosh, R. Protein separation using membrane chromatography: opportunities and challenges. J Chromatogr A 2002;952:13–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(02)00057-2.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

40. Brans, G, Schroën, CGPH, Van Der Sman, RGM, Boom, RM. Membrane fractionation of milk: state of the art and challenges. J Membr Sci 2004;243:263–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2004.06.029.Search in Google Scholar

41. Greiter, M, Novalin, S, Wendland, M, Kulbe, KD, Fischer, J. Desalination of whey by electrodialysis and ion exchange resins: analysis of both processes with regard to sustainability by calculating their cumulative energy demand. J Membr Sci 2002;210:91–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0376-7388(02)00378-2.Search in Google Scholar

42. Smith, ST, Metzger, L, Drake, MA. Evaluation of whey, milk, and delactosed permeates as salt substitutes. J Dairy Sci 2016;99:8687–98. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2016-10904.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

43. Alkhatim, HS, Alcaina, MI, Soriano, E, Iborra, MI, Lora, J, Arnal, J. Treatment of whey effluents from dairy industries by nanofiltration membranes. Desalination 1998;119:177–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0011-9164(98)00142-8.Search in Google Scholar

44. García Doménech, N, Purcell-Milton, F, Gun’ko, YK. Recent progress and future prospects in development of advanced materials for nanofiltration. Mater Today Commun 2020;23:100888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2019.100888.Search in Google Scholar

45. Chandrapala, J, Duke, MC, Gray, SR, Weeks, M, Palmer, M, Vasiljevic, T. Strategies for maximizing removal of lactic acid from acid whey – addressing the un-processability issue. Separ Purif Technol 2017;172:489–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2016.09.004.Search in Google Scholar

46. Kumar, M, Lawler, J. Preparation and characterization of negatively charged organic-inorganic hybrid ultrafiltration membranes for protein separation. Separ Purif Technol 2014;130:112–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2014.04.027.Search in Google Scholar

47. De Souza, RR, Bergamasco, R, da Costa, SC, Feng, X, Faria, SHB, Gimenes, ML. Recovery and purification of lactose from whey. Chem Eng Process Process Intensif 2010;49:1137–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2010.08.015.Search in Google Scholar

48. Barukčić, I, Božanić, R, Kulozik, U. Influence of process temperature and microfiltration pre-treatment on flux and fouling intensity during cross-flow ultrafiltration of sweet whey using ceramic membranes. Int Dairy J 2015;51:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idairyj.2015.07.002.Search in Google Scholar

49. Damar, I, Cinar, K, Gulec, HA. Concentration of whey proteins by ultrafiltration: comparative evaluation of process effectiveness based on physicochemical properties of membranes. Int Dairy J 2020;111:104823. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idairyj.2020.104823.Search in Google Scholar

50. Van Der Bruggen, B, Vandecasteele, C, Van Gestel, T, Doyen, W, Leysen, R. A review of pressure-driven membrane processes in wastewater treatment and drinking water production. Environ Prog 2003;22:46–56. https://doi.org/10.1002/ep.670220116.Search in Google Scholar

51. Bélafi-Bakó, K. Membrane separation processes. In: Bélafi-Bakó K, Gubicza L, Mulder M, editors. Integration of membrane processes into bioconversions. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2000:3–7 pp.10.1007/978-1-4615-4269-8Search in Google Scholar

52. Adams, MC, Hurt, EE, Barbano, DM. Effect of soluble calcium and lactose on limiting flux and serum protein removal during skim milk microfiltration1. J Dairy Sci 2015;98:7483–97. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2015-9474.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

53. Adams, MC, Barbano, DM. Effect of ceramic membrane channel diameter on limiting retentate protein concentration during skim milk microfiltration. J Dairy Sci 2016;99:167–82. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2015-9897.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

54. Elwell, MW, Barbano, DM. Use of microfiltration to improve fluid milk quality. J Dairy Sci 2006;89:20–30. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(06)72361-x.Search in Google Scholar

55. Arenas-Jal, M, Suñé-Negre, JM, Pérez-Lozano, P, García-Montoya, E. Trends in the food and sports nutrition industry: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020;60:2405–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2019.1643287.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

56. Vargas, LA, Olson, DW, Aryana, KJ. Whey protein isolate improves acid and bile tolerances of Streptococcus thermophilus ST-M5 and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp: Bulgaricus LB-12. J Dairy Sci 2015;98:2215–21. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2014-8869.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

57. ten Kate, AJB, Schutyser, MAI, Kuzmanovic, B, Westerink, JB, Manuhutu, F, Bargeman, G. Thermodynamic perspective on negative retention effects in nanofiltration of concentrated sodium chloride solutions. Separ Purif Technol 2020;250:117242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117242.Search in Google Scholar

58. Balannec, B, Vourch, M, Rabiller-Baudry, M, Chaufer, B. Comparative study of different nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes for dairy effluent treatment by dead-end filtration. Separ Purif Technol 2005;42:195–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2004.07.013.Search in Google Scholar

59. Luo, J, Cao, W, Ding, L, Zhu, Z, Wan, Y, Jaffrin, MY. Treatment of dairy effluent by shear-enhanced membrane filtration: the role of foulants. Separ Purif Technol 2012;96:194–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2012.06.009.Search in Google Scholar

60. Vourch, M, Balannec, B, Chaufer, B, Dorange, G. Nanofiltration and reverse osmosis of model process waters from the dairy industry to produce water for reuse. Desalination 2005;172:245–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2004.07.038.Search in Google Scholar

61. Hausmann, A, Sanciolo, P, Vasiljevic, T, Weeks, M, Schroën, K, Gray, S, et al.. Fouling mechanisms of dairy streams during membrane distillation. J Membr Sci 2013;441:102–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2013.03.043.Search in Google Scholar

62. Saxena, A, Tripathi, BP, Kumar, M, Shahi, VK. Membrane-based techniques for the separation and purification of proteins: an overview. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2009;145:1–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2008.07.004.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

63. Marson, GV, Pereira, DT, da Costa Machado, MT, Di Luccio, M, Martinez, J, Belleville, MP, et al.. Ultrafiltration performance of spent brewer’s yeast protein hydrolysate: impact of pH and membrane material on fouling. J Food Eng 2021;302:110569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2021.110569.Search in Google Scholar

64. Strieder, MM, Landim Neves, MI, Silva, EK, Meireles, MAA. Impact of thermosonication pretreatment on the production of plant protein-based natural blue colorants. J Food Eng 2021;299:110512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2021.110512.Search in Google Scholar

65. Valiño Llamazares, V. Measurement, characterization and separation of high added value biomolecules; 2014 [Online]. https://repositorio.unican.es/xmlui/handle/10902/5377 [Accessed 13 Aug 2021].Search in Google Scholar

66. Bhattacharjee, S, Bhattacharjee, C, Datta, S. Studies on the fractionation of β-lactoglobulin from casein whey using ultrafiltration and ion-exchange membrane chromatography. J Membr Sci 2006;275:141–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MEMSCI.2005.09.013.Search in Google Scholar

67. Neve, H, Berger, A, Milchwirtschaftliche, KH-K, Undefined 1995. A method for detecting and enumerating airborne virulent bacteriophages of dairy starter cultures. researchgate.net [online]. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Knut-Heller/publication/275885347_A_method_for_detecting_and_enumerating_airborne_virulent_bacteriophage_of_dairy_starter_cultures/links/55a6960108ae51639c573271/A-method-for-detecting-and-enumerating-airborne-virulent-bacteriophage-of-dairy-starter-cultures.pdf [Accessed 20 Sept 2021].Search in Google Scholar

68. Samtlebe, M, Wagner, N, Brinks, E, Neve, H, Heller, KJ, Hinrichs, J, et al.. Production of phage free cheese whey: design of a tubular laboratory membrane filtration system and assessment of a feasibility study. Int Dairy J 2017;71:17–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IDAIRYJ.2017.02.006.Search in Google Scholar

69. Wagner, N, Brinks, E, Samtlebe, M, Hinrichs, J, Atamer, Z, Kot, W, et al.. Whey powders are a rich source and excellent storage matrix for dairy bacteriophages. Int J Food Microbiol 2017;241:308–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJFOODMICRO.2016.10.037.Search in Google Scholar

70. CMC. Resistance of 17 mesophilic lactic Streptococcus bacteriophages to pasteurization and spray-drying. J Dairy Res 1980;47:131–9. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022029900020963.Search in Google Scholar

71. Samtlebe, M, Wagner, N, Neve, H, Heller, KJ, Hinrichs, J, Atamer, Z. Application of a membrane technology to remove bacteriophages from whey. Int Dairy J 2015;48:38–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IDAIRYJ.2014.12.004.Search in Google Scholar

72. Michel, C, Samtlebe, M, Wagner, N, Neve, H, Franz, CM, Hinrichs, J, et al.. Orthogonal processing strategies to create ‘phage-free’ whey – membrane filtration followed by thermal or ultraviolet C treatment for the reduction of Lactococcus lactis bacteriophages. Int Dairy J 2021;122:105149. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IDAIRYJ.2021.105149.Search in Google Scholar

73. Leistner, L, Gould, GW. The hurdle concept. In: hurdle technologies. Food Engineering Series. Springer: Boston, MA; 2002;17–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0743-7_2.Search in Google Scholar

74. Leistner, L, Gould, GW. Hurdle Technologies; 2002.10.1007/978-1-4615-0743-7Search in Google Scholar

75. Romero, DA, Magill, D, Millen, A, Horvath, P, Fremaux, C. Dairy lactococcal and streptococcal phage–host interactions: an industrial perspective in an evolving phage landscape. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2020;44:909–32. https://doi.org/10.1093/FEMSRE/FUAA048.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

76. Ng, KSY, Haribabu, M, Harvie, DJE, Dunstan, DE, Martin, GJO. Mechanisms of flux decline in skim milk ultrafiltration: a review. J Membr Sci 2017;523:144–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2016.09.036.Search in Google Scholar

77. Schiffer, S, Matyssek, A, Hartinger, M, Bolduan, P, Mund, P, Kulozik, U. Effects of selective layer properties of ceramic multi-channel microfiltration membranes on the milk protein fractionation. Separ Purif Technol 2021;259:118050. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2020.118050.Search in Google Scholar

78. Redlinger-Pohn, JD, Liverts, M, Lundell, F. Parameter regimes and rates of fibre collection on screens of various design. Separ Purif Technol 2021;259:118053. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2020.118053.Search in Google Scholar

79. Krippl, M, Bofarull-Manzano, I, Duerkop, M, Dürauer, A. Hybrid modeling for simultaneous prediction of flux, rejection factor and concentration in two-component crossflow ultrafiltration. Processes 2020;8:1625. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8121625.10.3390/pr8121625Search in Google Scholar

80. Schausberger, P, Norazman, N, Li, H, Chen, V, Friedl, A. Simulation of protein ultrafiltration using CFD: comparison of concentration polarisation and fouling effects with filtration and protein adsorption experiments. J Membr Sci 2009;337:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2009.03.022.Search in Google Scholar

81. Jogdand, A, Chaudhuri, A. Modeling of concentration polarization and permeate flux variation in a roto-dynamic reverse osmosis filtration system. Desalination 2015;375:54–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2015.07.011.Search in Google Scholar

82. Haribabu, M, Dunstan, DE, Martin, GJO, Davidson, MR, Harvie, DJE. Simulating the ultrafiltration of whey proteins isolate using a mixture model. J Membr Sci 2020;613:118388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118388.Search in Google Scholar

83. Yusof, Z, Wahab, NA, Ibrahim, S, Sahlan, S, Razali, C. Modeling of submerged membrane filtration processes using recurrent artificial neural networks. IAES Int J Artif Intell (IJ-AI) 2020;9:155–63. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijai.v9.i1.pp155-163.Search in Google Scholar

84. Çinar, Ö, Hasar, H, Kinaci, C. Modeling of submerged membrane bioreactor treating cheese whey wastewater by artificial neural network. J Biotechnol 2006;123:204–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JBIOTEC.2005.11.002.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

85. Lin, T, Horne, BG, Tiňo, P, Giles, CL. Learning long-term dependencies in NARX recurrent neural networks. IEEE Trans Neural Netw 1996;7:1329–38. https://doi.org/10.1109/72.548162.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

86. Karaboyas, S, Kalouptsidis, N. Efficient adaptive algorithms for ARX identification. IEEE Trans Signal Process 1991;39:571–82. https://doi.org/10.1109/78.80877.Search in Google Scholar

87. Kovács, Z, Román, A, Vatai, G, Ittzés, A, Grachten, M, Czermak, P. Experimental and numerical investigations on whey desalination with nanofiltration. Food Ind. 2011;22:3–7.Search in Google Scholar

88. Shim, J, Park, S, Cho, KH. Deep learning model for simulating influence of natural organic matter in nanofiltration. Water Res 2021;197:117070. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.WATRES.2021.117070.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

89. Saltık, MB, Özkan, L, Jacobs, M, van der Padt, A. Dynamic modeling of ultrafiltration membranes for whey separation processes. Comput Chem Eng 2017;99:280–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.COMPCHEMENG.2017.01.035.Search in Google Scholar

90. Yee, KWK, Wiley, DE, Bao, J. A unified model of the time dependence of flux decline for the long-term ultrafiltration of whey. J Membr Sci 2009;332:69–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MEMSCI.2009.01.041.Search in Google Scholar

Published Online: 2022-01-06

© 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Reviews
  3. Magnetic characterization of magnetoactive elastomers containing magnetic hard particles using first-order reversal curve analysis
  4. Microscopic understanding of particle-matrix interaction in magnetic hybrid materials by element-specific spectroscopy
  5. Biodeinking: an eco-friendly alternative for chemicals based recycled fiber processing
  6. Bio-based polyurethane aqueous dispersions
  7. Cellulose-based polymers
  8. Biodegradable shape-memory polymers and composites
  9. Natural substances in cancer—do they work?
  10. Personalized and targeted therapies
  11. Identification of potential histone deacetylase inhibitory biflavonoids from Garcinia kola (Guttiferae) using in silico protein-ligand interaction
  12. Chemical computational approaches for optimization of effective surfactants in enhanced oil recovery
  13. Social media and learning in an era of coronavirus among chemistry students in tertiary institutions in Rivers State
  14. Techniques for the detection and quantification of emerging contaminants
  15. Occurrence, fate, and toxicity of emerging contaminants in a diverse ecosystem
  16. Updates on the versatile quinoline heterocycles as anticancer agents
  17. Trends in microbial degradation and bioremediation of emerging contaminants
  18. Power to the city: Assessing the rooftop solar photovoltaic potential in multiple cities of Ecuador
  19. Phytoremediation as an effective tool to handle emerging contaminants
  20. Recent advances and prospects for industrial waste management and product recovery for environmental appliances: a review
  21. Integrating multi-objective superstructure optimization and multi-criteria assessment: a novel methodology for sustainable process design
  22. A conversation on the quartic equation of the secular determinant of methylenecyclopropene
  23. Recent developments in the synthesis and anti-cancer activity of acridine and xanthine-based molecules
  24. An overview of in silico methods used in the design of VEGFR-2 inhibitors as anticancer agents
  25. Fragment based drug design
  26. Advances in heterocycles as DNA intercalating cancer drugs
  27. Systems biology–the transformative approach to integrate sciences across disciplines
  28. Pharmaceutical interest of in-silico approaches
  29. Membrane technologies for sports supplementation
  30. Fused pyrrolo-pyridines and pyrrolo-(iso)quinoline as anticancer agents
  31. Membrane applications in the food industry
  32. Membrane techniques in the production of beverages
  33. Statistical methods for in silico tools used for risk assessment and toxicology
  34. Dicarbonyl compounds in the synthesis of heterocycles under green conditions
  35. Green synthesis of triazolo-nucleoside conjugates via azide–alkyne C–N bond formation
  36. Anaerobic digestion fundamentals, challenges, and technological advances
  37. Survival is the driver for adaptation: safety engineering changed the future, security engineering prevented disasters and transition engineering navigates the pathway to the climate-safe future
Downloaded on 13.9.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/psr-2021-0048/html
Scroll to top button