Solid–liquid–liquid phase envelopes from temperature-scanned refractive index data
-
Alcides J. Sitoe
,
Franco Pretorius
,
René Androsch
Abstract
A novel method for estimating the upper critical solution temperature (UCST) of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET)-polyethylene systems was developed. It was validated using data for the dimethylacetamide (DMA)-alkane systems which showed that refractive index mixing rules, linear in volume fraction, can accurately predict mixture composition for amide-alkane systems. Furthermore, rescaling the composition descriptor with a single adjustable parameter proved adequate to address any asymmetry when modeling the DMA-alkane phase envelopes. This allowed the translation of measured refractive index cooling trajectories of DEET-alkane systems into phase diagrams and facilitated the estimation of the UCST values by fitting the data with an adjusted composition descriptor model. For both the DEET- and DMA-alkane systems, linear behavior of UCST values in either the Flory–Huggins critical interaction parameter, or the alkane critical temperature, with increasing alkane molar mass is evident. The UCST values for polymer diluent systems were estimated by extrapolation using these two complimentary approaches. For the DEET-polyethylene system, values of 183.4 and 180.1 °C respectively were obtained. Both estimates are significantly higher than the melting temperature range of polyethylene. Initial liquid–liquid phase separation is therefore likely to be responsible for the previously reported microporous microstructure of materials formed from this binary system.
Funding source: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Award Identifier / Grant number: AN 212/22-2
Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
Research funding: Financial support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), under grant AN 212/22-2, is gratefully acknowledged.
Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.
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© 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Material properties
- Solid–liquid–liquid phase envelopes from temperature-scanned refractive index data
- Application of the Folgar–Tucker model to predict the orientation of particles of different aspect ratios in polymer suspensions
- Investigating the relationship between tack and degree of conversion in DGEBA-based epoxy resin cured with dicyandiamide and diuron
- Synergistic effect of oxidized low-dimensional carbon nanomaterials on the properties of polysulfone composite membrane
- Investigations of the characteristics and performance of modified polyethersulfones (PES) as membrane oxygenator
- Preparation and assembly
- In vitro biocompatibility study of microwave absorbing conducting polymer blend films for biomedical applications
- Design and characterization of ramie fiber-reinforced composites with flame retardant surface layer including iron oxide and expandable graphite
- Reducing lactose content of milk from livestock and humans via lactose imprinted poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-N-methacryloyl-i-aspartic acid) cryogels
- Engineering and processing
- PVA coating of ferrite nanoparticles triggers pH-responsive release of 5-fluorouracil in cancer cells
- Miscible blend polyethersulfone/polyimide asymmetric membrane crosslinked with 1,3-diaminopropane for hydrogen separation
- Pyrolysis and combustion of polystyrene composites based on graphene oxide functionalized with 3-(methacryloyloxy)-propyltrimethoxysilane
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Material properties
- Solid–liquid–liquid phase envelopes from temperature-scanned refractive index data
- Application of the Folgar–Tucker model to predict the orientation of particles of different aspect ratios in polymer suspensions
- Investigating the relationship between tack and degree of conversion in DGEBA-based epoxy resin cured with dicyandiamide and diuron
- Synergistic effect of oxidized low-dimensional carbon nanomaterials on the properties of polysulfone composite membrane
- Investigations of the characteristics and performance of modified polyethersulfones (PES) as membrane oxygenator
- Preparation and assembly
- In vitro biocompatibility study of microwave absorbing conducting polymer blend films for biomedical applications
- Design and characterization of ramie fiber-reinforced composites with flame retardant surface layer including iron oxide and expandable graphite
- Reducing lactose content of milk from livestock and humans via lactose imprinted poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-N-methacryloyl-i-aspartic acid) cryogels
- Engineering and processing
- PVA coating of ferrite nanoparticles triggers pH-responsive release of 5-fluorouracil in cancer cells
- Miscible blend polyethersulfone/polyimide asymmetric membrane crosslinked with 1,3-diaminopropane for hydrogen separation
- Pyrolysis and combustion of polystyrene composites based on graphene oxide functionalized with 3-(methacryloyloxy)-propyltrimethoxysilane
