Abstract
A green and economically viable route without any additional activation agents and templates has been developed to synthesize biomass-derived nanoporous carbon for superior electric double-layer capacitors via direct pyrolysis of dried black liquor powders, which is the main waste in pulping and paper-making industry. The resulting carbon materials present hierarchical porosity and moderate specific surface area of 1134
Article note
Pengfei Hao and Yanjie Yi contributed equally to this work.
Funding source: Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province
Award Identifier / Grant number: 2021A1515010645
Award Identifier / Grant number: 2020A1414010123
Award Identifier / Grant number: 2019A0103008
Funding source: Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou City, China
Award Identifier / Grant number: 201803010080
Funding statement: The authors are grateful for the support of the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province (2021A1515010645, 2020A1414010123, 2019A0103008) the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou City, China (201803010080).
-
Author contributions: All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Pengfei Hao, Yanjie Yi, Youming Li and Yi Hou. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Pengfei Hao and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
-
Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
References
Ayinla, R.T., Dennis, J.O., Zaid, H.M., et al. (2019) A review of technical advances of recent palm bio-waste conversion to activated carbon for energy storage. J. Clean. Prod. 229:1427–1442.10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.116Suche in Google Scholar
Cardoso, M., de Oliveira, E.D., Passos, M.L., et al. (2009) Chemical composition and physical properties of black liquors and their effects on liquor recovery operation in Brazilian pulp mills. Fuel 88(4):756–763.10.1016/j.fuel.2008.10.016Suche in Google Scholar
Chen, L., Ji, T., Mu, L., et al. (2017) Cotton fabric derived hierarchically porous carbon and nitrogen doping for sustainable capacitor electrode. Carbon 111:839–848.10.1016/j.carbon.2016.10.054Suche in Google Scholar
Chen, W., Wang, X., Feizbakhshan, M., et al. (2019) Preparation of lignin-based porous carbon with hierarchical oxygen-enriched structure for high-performance supercapacitors. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 540:524–534.10.1016/j.jcis.2019.01.058Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
Cheng, H.L., Zhan, H.Y., Fu, S.Y. (2011) Alkali extraction of hemicellulose from depithed corn stover and effects on soda-AQ pulping. BioResources 6(1):196–206.10.15376/biores.6.1.196-206Suche in Google Scholar
Demir, M., Farghaly, A.A., Decuir, M.J., et al. (2018) Supercapacitance and oxygen reduction characteristics of sulfur self-doped micro/mesoporous bio-carbon derived from lignin. Mater. Chem. Phys. 216:508–516.10.1016/j.matchemphys.2018.06.008Suche in Google Scholar
Dubal, D.P., Chodankar, N.R., Kim, D.H., et al. (2018) Towards flexible solid-state supercapacitors for smart and wearable electronics. Chem. Soc. Rev. 47(6):2065–2129.10.1039/C7CS00505ASuche in Google Scholar PubMed
Espinoza-Acosta, J.L., Torres-Chavez, P.I., Olmedo-Martinez, J.L., et al. (2018) Lignin in storage and renewable energy applications: A review. J. Energy Chem. 27(5):1422–1438.10.1016/j.jechem.2018.02.015Suche in Google Scholar
Gao, J., Li, S., Wang, H., et al. (2021) Carbon nanotubes aerogels dispersed by thermal excitation on Ni Foam@NiCo2O4 nanoneedles with enhanced properties for supercapacitor. J. Alloys Compd. 861(6):157963.10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.157963Suche in Google Scholar
Gao, Y., Yue, Q.Y., Gao, B.Y., et al. (2020) Insight into activated carbon from different kinds of chemical activating agents: A review. Sci. Total Environ. 746(1):141094.10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141094Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
Ghazi, Z.A., He, X., Khattak, A.M., et al. (2017) MoS2/Celgard separator as efficient polysulfide bar rier for long-life lithium-sulfur batteries. Adv. Mater. 29(21):1606817.10.1002/adma.201606817Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
Gong, Y., Li, D., Luo, C., et al. (2017) Highly porous graphitic biomass carbon as advanced electrode materials for supercapacitors. Green Chem. 19(17):4132–4140.10.1039/C7GC01681FSuche in Google Scholar
Guan, B., Li, Y., Yin, B., et al. (2017) Synthesis of hierarchical NiS microflowers for high performance asymmetric supercapacitor. Chem. Eng. J. 308:1165–1173.10.1016/j.cej.2016.10.016Suche in Google Scholar
Guo, J., Wu, D., Wang, T., et al. (2019) P-doped hierarchical porous carbon aerogels derived from phenolic resins for high performance supercapacitor. Appl. Surf. Sci. 475:56–66.10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.12.095Suche in Google Scholar
Habashi, M.N., Asl, S.K. (2017) Fabrication of graphene supercapacitors for flexible energy storage. Korean J. Mater. Res. 27(5):248–254.10.3740/MRSK.2017.27.5.248Suche in Google Scholar
Kim, D., Cheon, J., Kim, J., et al. (2017) Extraction and characterization of lignin from black liquor and preparation of biomass-based activated carbon there-from. Carbon Lett. 22(1):81–88.Suche in Google Scholar
Kim, J.H., Ko, Y.I., Kim, Y.A., et al. (2021) Sulfur-doped carbon nanotubes as a conducting agent in supercapacitor electrodes. J. Alloys Compd. 855:157282.10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.157282Suche in Google Scholar
Lai, C., Zhou, Z., Zhang, L., et al. (2014) Free-standing and mechanically flexible mats consisting of electrospun carbon nanofibers made from a natural product of alkali lignin as binder-free electrodes for high-performance supercapacitors. J. Power Sources 247:134–141.10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.08.082Suche in Google Scholar
Li, H., Zhao, Y., Liu, S., et al. (2020) Hierarchical porous carbon monolith derived from lignin for high areal capacitance supercapacitors. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 297:109960.10.1016/j.micromeso.2019.109960Suche in Google Scholar
Li, Y., Wang, G., Wei, T., et al. (2016) Nitrogen and sulfur co-doped porous carbon nanosheets derived from willow catkin for supercapacitors. Nano Energy 19:165–175.10.1016/j.nanoen.2015.10.038Suche in Google Scholar
Li, Z., Zhang, W., Li, Y., et al. (2018) Activated pyrene decorated graphene with enhanced performance for electrochemical energy storage. Chem. Eng. J. 334:845–854.10.1016/j.cej.2017.10.023Suche in Google Scholar
Liu, F., Wang, Z., Zhang, H., et al. (2019) Nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur co-doped hierarchical porous carbons toward high-performance supercapacitors by direct pyrolysis of kraft lignin. Carbon 149:105–116.10.1016/j.carbon.2019.04.023Suche in Google Scholar
Liu, M., Niu, J., Zhang, Z., et al. (2018) Potassium compound-assistant synthesis of multi-heteroatom doped ultrathin porous carbon nanosheets for high performance supercapacitors. Nano Energy 51:366–372.10.1016/j.nanoen.2018.06.037Suche in Google Scholar
Liu, T., Zhang, F., Song, Y., et al. (2017) Revitalizing carbon supercapacitor electrodes with hierarchical porous structures. J. Mater. Chem. A 5(34):17705–17733.10.1039/C7TA05646JSuche in Google Scholar
Ma, Z., Zhang, H., Yang, Z., et al. (2016) Mesoporous nitrogen-doped carbons with high nitrogen contents and ultrahigh surface areas: synthesis and applications in catalysis. Green Chem. 18(7):1976–1982.10.1039/C5GC01920FSuche in Google Scholar
Mao, H., Tang, J., Xu, J., et al. (2020) Revealing molecular mechanisms in hierarchical nanoporous carbon via nuclear magnetic resonance. Matter 3(6):2093–2107.10.1016/j.matt.2020.09.024Suche in Google Scholar
Qiu, X., Wang, L., Zhu, H., et al. (2017) Lightweight and efficient microwave absorbing materials based on walnut shell-derived nano-porous carbon. Nanoscale 9(22):7408–7418.10.1039/C7NR02628ESuche in Google Scholar PubMed
Sardar, K., Thaku, S., Maiti, S., et al. (2021) Amalgamation of MnWO4 nanorods with amorphous carbon nanotubes for highly stabilized energy efficient supercapacitor electrodes dagger. Dalton Trans. 50(15):5327–5341.10.1039/D1DT00267HSuche in Google Scholar
Selvaraj, A.R., Muthusamy, A., Inho, C., et al. (2021) Ultrahigh surface area biomass derived 3D hierarchical porous carbon nanosheet electrodes for high energy density supercapacitors. Carbon 174:463–474.10.1016/j.carbon.2020.12.052Suche in Google Scholar
Selvaraj, T., Perumal, V., Khor, S.F., et al. (2020) The recent development of polysaccharides biomaterials and their performance for supercapacitor applications. Mater. Res. Bull. 126:110839.10.1016/j.materresbull.2020.110839Suche in Google Scholar
Sheberla, D., Bachman, J.C., Elias, J.S., et al. (2017) Conductive MOF electrodes for stable supercapacitors with high areal capacitance. Nat. Mater. 16(2):220–224.10.1038/nmat4766Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
Song, X.W., Zhang, S., Zhong, H., et al. (2021) FeCo nanoalloys embedded in nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheets/bamboo-like carbon nanotubes for the oxygen reduction reaction. Inorg. Chem. Front. 8(1):109–121.10.1039/D0QI01037ESuche in Google Scholar
Su, X., Chen, J., Zheng, G., et al. (2018) Three-dimensional porous activated carbon derived from loofah sponge biomass for supercapacitor applications. Appl. Surf. Sci. 436:327–336.10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.11.249Suche in Google Scholar
Sudhan, N., Subramani, K., Karnan, M., et al. (2017) Biomass-derived activated porous carbon from rice straw for a high-energy symmetric supercapacitor in aqueous and non-aqueous electrolytes. Energy Fuels 31(1):977–985.10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b01829Suche in Google Scholar
Tian, J., Liu, Z., Li, Z., et al. (2019) Hierarchical S-doped porous carbon derived from by-product lignin for high-performance supercapacitors. RSC Adv. 7(20):12089–12097.10.1039/C7RA00767ASuche in Google Scholar
Wang, C., Wu, D., Wang, H., et al. (2018) A green and scalable route to yield porous carbon sheets from biomass for supercapacitors with high capacity. J. Mater. Chem. A 6(3):1244–1254.10.1039/C7TA07579KSuche in Google Scholar
Wang, F., Wu, X., Yuan, X., et al. (2017) Latest advances in supercapacitors: from new electrode materials to novel device designs. Chem. Soc. Rev. 46(22):6816–6854.10.1039/C7CS00205JSuche in Google Scholar
Wang, Q., Yan, J., Fan, Z. (2016) Carbon materials for high volumetric performance supercapacitors: design, progress, challenges and opportunities. Energy Environ. Sci. 9(3):729–762.10.1039/C5EE03109ESuche in Google Scholar
Xu, J., Zhou, X., Chen, M., et al. (2018) Preparing hierarchical porous carbon aerogels based on enzymatic hydrolysis lignin through ambient drying for supercapacitor electrodes. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 265:258–265.10.1016/j.micromeso.2018.02.024Suche in Google Scholar
Zhang, J., Zhou, J., Wang, D., et al. (2016) Nitrogen and sulfur codoped porous carbon microsphere: a high performance electrode in supercapacitor. Electrochim. Acta 191:933–939.10.1016/j.electacta.2016.01.150Suche in Google Scholar
Zhang, M., Chen, M., Reddeppa, N., et al. (2018a) Nitrogen self-doped carbon aerogels derived from trifunctional benzoxazine monomers as ultralight supercapacitor electrodes. Nanoscale 10(14):6549–6557.10.1039/C8NR00207JSuche in Google Scholar
Zhang, W., Chen, Z., Guo, X., et al. (2018b) N/S co-doped three-dimensional graphene hydrogel for high performance supercapacitor. Electrochim. Acta 278:51–60.10.1016/j.electacta.2018.05.018Suche in Google Scholar
Zhu, G., Ma, L., Lv, H., et al. (2017) Pine needle-derived microporous nitrogen-doped carbon frameworks exhibit high performances in electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction and supercapacitors. Nanoscale 9(3):1237–1243.10.1039/C6NR08139HSuche in Google Scholar
Zhu, X., Yu, S., Xu, K., et al. (2018) Sustainable activated carbons from dead ginkgo leaves for supercapacitor electrode active materials. Chem. Eng. Sci. 181:36–45.10.1016/j.ces.2018.02.004Suche in Google Scholar
© 2022 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Chemical pulping
- Evaluation of fines separation from unbleached softwood kraft pulp using microperforated hole screens
- Evaluation of pulp and paper making properties of Caesalpinia decapetela
- Novel bulking technologies for cellulose fibres
- Mechanical pulping
- Interpretation of force profiles in mill-scale LC refining
- Effects of plate wear on bar forces and fiber properties in a mill scale LC-refiner
- Paper technology
- Research on the physical properties of calcium sulfate whisker and the effects of its addition on paper and its printing performance
- Preparation and properties of an intelligent adjustable functional paper for organic cultural relics
- Paper chemistry
- Application of DSA to improve strength of thermomechanical pulp blended paper
- Coating
- The influence of pigment modulus on failure resistance of paper barrier coatings
- Effect of filler additions on pilot-scale extrusion coating of paperboard with PLA-based blends
- Packaging
- Influence of paper properties on adhesive strength of starch gluing
- Environmental impact
- Interfering elements on determination of hexavalent chromium in paper materials with UV-vis spectrophotometry
- Nanotechnology
- Enhanced mechanical and gas barrier performance of plasticized cellulose nanofibril films
- Lignin
- The preparations of nanoporous carbon with multi-heteroatoms co-doping from black liquor powders for supercapacitors
- Miscellaneous
- Hybrid films from plant and bacterial nanocellulose: mechanical and barrier properties
- Mass-balance based soft sensor for monitoring ash content at two-ply paperboard manufacturing
- Investigation of the effect of light fastness on the color changes of maps prepared by electrophotographic digital printing
- Bulking of cellulose fibres – a review
- Preparation of O-HACC/HEC-acrylate emulsion and its application in paper protection
- Mineral-filled biopolyester coatings for paperboard packaging materials: barrier, sealability, convertability and biodegradability properties
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Chemical pulping
- Evaluation of fines separation from unbleached softwood kraft pulp using microperforated hole screens
- Evaluation of pulp and paper making properties of Caesalpinia decapetela
- Novel bulking technologies for cellulose fibres
- Mechanical pulping
- Interpretation of force profiles in mill-scale LC refining
- Effects of plate wear on bar forces and fiber properties in a mill scale LC-refiner
- Paper technology
- Research on the physical properties of calcium sulfate whisker and the effects of its addition on paper and its printing performance
- Preparation and properties of an intelligent adjustable functional paper for organic cultural relics
- Paper chemistry
- Application of DSA to improve strength of thermomechanical pulp blended paper
- Coating
- The influence of pigment modulus on failure resistance of paper barrier coatings
- Effect of filler additions on pilot-scale extrusion coating of paperboard with PLA-based blends
- Packaging
- Influence of paper properties on adhesive strength of starch gluing
- Environmental impact
- Interfering elements on determination of hexavalent chromium in paper materials with UV-vis spectrophotometry
- Nanotechnology
- Enhanced mechanical and gas barrier performance of plasticized cellulose nanofibril films
- Lignin
- The preparations of nanoporous carbon with multi-heteroatoms co-doping from black liquor powders for supercapacitors
- Miscellaneous
- Hybrid films from plant and bacterial nanocellulose: mechanical and barrier properties
- Mass-balance based soft sensor for monitoring ash content at two-ply paperboard manufacturing
- Investigation of the effect of light fastness on the color changes of maps prepared by electrophotographic digital printing
- Bulking of cellulose fibres – a review
- Preparation of O-HACC/HEC-acrylate emulsion and its application in paper protection
- Mineral-filled biopolyester coatings for paperboard packaging materials: barrier, sealability, convertability and biodegradability properties