Novel bulking technologies for cellulose fibres
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Tom Lindström
und
Gunborg Glad-Nordmark
Abstract
This paper deals with the details of preparation of three principal routes for bulking of cellulose fibres. One route is dry cross-linking/hornification using aluminium ions and other salts followed by drying/curing. The mechanisms of these reactions still remain unknown. A second route is physical grafting of fibres using carboxymethylcellulose and bringing the acidic groups into their aluminium form before forming a sheet of paper/board. Hence, curing is not necessary, and this constitutes a unique wet bulking methodology. The mechanism behind this method is believed to be an increase in the surface friction of fibres, when the electrostatic double layer is shielded together with electrostatic cross-linking with aluminium ions. The higher friction between fibres partly prevents the sheet consolidation during drying. A third route is physical grafting of fibres using carboxymethyl cellulose and ion-exchanging the acidic groups with aluminium salts before drying and curing of the fibres. A most interesting factor is that all the thermal treatment methods do not form fibre nodules due to interfibre crosslinking during the heat treatment, a commonly observed phenomena when dealing with chemical crosslinking of fibres. All routes investigated are water-based and should be fairly simple to implement in commercial operations. An inherent advantage is that the bulking is associated with lower water retention values, which should be advantageous for a higher solids content after pressing and, hence, beneficial for paper machine productivity. Bulking is, however, also associated with a loss in bond strength, which in most cases must be alleviated using various additives such as starches and microfibrillated cellulose and it has also been demonstrated in the project how the strength properties (such as z-strength) could be restored at a higher bulk.
Funding source: Energimyndigheten
Funding source: AkzoNobel
Funding statement: The authors acknowledge the Swedish Energy Agency and the participating companies Akzo Nobel Pulp and Performance Chemicals, Billerud-Korsnäs, Holmen, Smurfit-Kappa and Södra for their financial support.
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Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
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Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Chemical pulping
- Evaluation of fines separation from unbleached softwood kraft pulp using microperforated hole screens
- Evaluation of pulp and paper making properties of Caesalpinia decapetela
- Novel bulking technologies for cellulose fibres
- Mechanical pulping
- Interpretation of force profiles in mill-scale LC refining
- Effects of plate wear on bar forces and fiber properties in a mill scale LC-refiner
- Paper technology
- Research on the physical properties of calcium sulfate whisker and the effects of its addition on paper and its printing performance
- Preparation and properties of an intelligent adjustable functional paper for organic cultural relics
- Paper chemistry
- Application of DSA to improve strength of thermomechanical pulp blended paper
- Coating
- The influence of pigment modulus on failure resistance of paper barrier coatings
- Effect of filler additions on pilot-scale extrusion coating of paperboard with PLA-based blends
- Packaging
- Influence of paper properties on adhesive strength of starch gluing
- Environmental impact
- Interfering elements on determination of hexavalent chromium in paper materials with UV-vis spectrophotometry
- Nanotechnology
- Enhanced mechanical and gas barrier performance of plasticized cellulose nanofibril films
- Lignin
- The preparations of nanoporous carbon with multi-heteroatoms co-doping from black liquor powders for supercapacitors
- Miscellaneous
- Hybrid films from plant and bacterial nanocellulose: mechanical and barrier properties
- Mass-balance based soft sensor for monitoring ash content at two-ply paperboard manufacturing
- Investigation of the effect of light fastness on the color changes of maps prepared by electrophotographic digital printing
- Bulking of cellulose fibres – a review
- Preparation of O-HACC/HEC-acrylate emulsion and its application in paper protection
- Mineral-filled biopolyester coatings for paperboard packaging materials: barrier, sealability, convertability and biodegradability properties
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Chemical pulping
- Evaluation of fines separation from unbleached softwood kraft pulp using microperforated hole screens
- Evaluation of pulp and paper making properties of Caesalpinia decapetela
- Novel bulking technologies for cellulose fibres
- Mechanical pulping
- Interpretation of force profiles in mill-scale LC refining
- Effects of plate wear on bar forces and fiber properties in a mill scale LC-refiner
- Paper technology
- Research on the physical properties of calcium sulfate whisker and the effects of its addition on paper and its printing performance
- Preparation and properties of an intelligent adjustable functional paper for organic cultural relics
- Paper chemistry
- Application of DSA to improve strength of thermomechanical pulp blended paper
- Coating
- The influence of pigment modulus on failure resistance of paper barrier coatings
- Effect of filler additions on pilot-scale extrusion coating of paperboard with PLA-based blends
- Packaging
- Influence of paper properties on adhesive strength of starch gluing
- Environmental impact
- Interfering elements on determination of hexavalent chromium in paper materials with UV-vis spectrophotometry
- Nanotechnology
- Enhanced mechanical and gas barrier performance of plasticized cellulose nanofibril films
- Lignin
- The preparations of nanoporous carbon with multi-heteroatoms co-doping from black liquor powders for supercapacitors
- Miscellaneous
- Hybrid films from plant and bacterial nanocellulose: mechanical and barrier properties
- Mass-balance based soft sensor for monitoring ash content at two-ply paperboard manufacturing
- Investigation of the effect of light fastness on the color changes of maps prepared by electrophotographic digital printing
- Bulking of cellulose fibres – a review
- Preparation of O-HACC/HEC-acrylate emulsion and its application in paper protection
- Mineral-filled biopolyester coatings for paperboard packaging materials: barrier, sealability, convertability and biodegradability properties
