Failure investigation of a spline half-shaft in a loader rickshaw differential system
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Umer Hayat
Umer Hayat received his Master’s degree in Mechanical Engineering from King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. Currently, he is a Lecturer in Mechanical Engineering Department at University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
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Muhammad Rizwan Shad
Muhammad Rizwan Shad did his doctorate degree from University of INSA, Toulouse, France. He is Associate Professor and Head of Mechanical Engineering Department at University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
Ahmad Ali has received his Bachelor’s degree in Mechanical engineering from University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. He is currently associated with KMI Industries, Lahore, Pakistan in Production Department.
Hassan Abbas has done his Bachelors in Mechanical Engineering from University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. He is currently working as Site Engineer in Solo Engineering, Sheikupura, Pakistan.
Muhammad Hassnain did his Bachelor’s in Mechanical Engineering from University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. He is currently working as a Design Engineer in Izhar Steel Industries, Lahore, Pakistan.
Abstract
Large number of pre-mature failure cases of spline half-shafts of loader automobile rickshaws were encountered by an industry in Lahore, Pakistan. Unexpected fracture of the spline-region of half-shafts were reported shortly after the shafts were put to service. This paper presents the findings of a systematic investigation that was carried out to find the root cause of the failure. Visual inspection, mechanical characterization, microstructural analysis, and chemical composition analysis were used to study the failure. It was revealed that the failure was torsional fatigue fracture in nature, with crack initiating from one of the machining marks present near the spline-root. Main cause of failure was found to be stress concentration at machine marks present on the surface, especially the ones closer to spline-roots, resulting in crack initiation. Moreover, other factors like presence of manganese sulfide (MnS) inclusions and improper material had also contributed towards crack propagation and final fracture.
About the authors
Umer Hayat received his Master’s degree in Mechanical Engineering from King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. Currently, he is a Lecturer in Mechanical Engineering Department at University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
Muhammad Rizwan Shad did his doctorate degree from University of INSA, Toulouse, France. He is Associate Professor and Head of Mechanical Engineering Department at University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
Ahmad Ali has received his Bachelor’s degree in Mechanical engineering from University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. He is currently associated with KMI Industries, Lahore, Pakistan in Production Department.
Hassan Abbas has done his Bachelors in Mechanical Engineering from University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. He is currently working as Site Engineer in Solo Engineering, Sheikupura, Pakistan.
Muhammad Hassnain did his Bachelor’s in Mechanical Engineering from University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. He is currently working as a Design Engineer in Izhar Steel Industries, Lahore, Pakistan.
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Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
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Research funding: None declared.
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Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.
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Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Experimental and dynamic thermal numerical investigation of a climate test chamber
- Influence of high-temperature, high-pressure, and acidic conditions on the structure and properties of high-performance organic fibers
- Microstructure analysis and mechanical properties of electron beam powder bed fusion (PBF-EB)-manufactured γ-titanium aluminide (TiAl) at elevated temperatures
- Microstructural evolution and impression creep properties of a lead-based alloy PbSn16Sb16Cu2
- Laser and TIG welding of additive manufactured Ti-6Al-4V parts
- Investigation of the hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility of steel components during thin-film hot-dip galvanizing
- Effects of coating, holding force, stretching height, yield stress, and surface roughness on springback of steel in the V-stretch bending test
- Gradient-based optimizer for economic optimization of engineering problems
- Failure investigation of a spline half-shaft in a loader rickshaw differential system
- Manta ray foraging optimization algorithm and hybrid Taguchi salp swarm-Nelder–Mead algorithm for the structural design of engineering components
- Effect of tool rotational speed and position on mechanical and microstructural properties of friction stir welded dissimilar alloys AZ31B Mg and Al6061
- Effect of different joint angles on the mechanical strength of adhesive-bonded scarf and double butt–lap joints
- Buckling behavior of laminated composites with embedded delaminations
- Comparison of pull-out behavior of glass, basalt, and carbon rovings embedded in fine-grain concrete and geopolymer
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Experimental and dynamic thermal numerical investigation of a climate test chamber
- Influence of high-temperature, high-pressure, and acidic conditions on the structure and properties of high-performance organic fibers
- Microstructure analysis and mechanical properties of electron beam powder bed fusion (PBF-EB)-manufactured γ-titanium aluminide (TiAl) at elevated temperatures
- Microstructural evolution and impression creep properties of a lead-based alloy PbSn16Sb16Cu2
- Laser and TIG welding of additive manufactured Ti-6Al-4V parts
- Investigation of the hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility of steel components during thin-film hot-dip galvanizing
- Effects of coating, holding force, stretching height, yield stress, and surface roughness on springback of steel in the V-stretch bending test
- Gradient-based optimizer for economic optimization of engineering problems
- Failure investigation of a spline half-shaft in a loader rickshaw differential system
- Manta ray foraging optimization algorithm and hybrid Taguchi salp swarm-Nelder–Mead algorithm for the structural design of engineering components
- Effect of tool rotational speed and position on mechanical and microstructural properties of friction stir welded dissimilar alloys AZ31B Mg and Al6061
- Effect of different joint angles on the mechanical strength of adhesive-bonded scarf and double butt–lap joints
- Buckling behavior of laminated composites with embedded delaminations
- Comparison of pull-out behavior of glass, basalt, and carbon rovings embedded in fine-grain concrete and geopolymer
