Neonatal and child mortality – are they different in developing and developed countries?
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Milan Stanojević
Abstract
Aim is to present the neonatal and child mortality in high-(HIC) and low-income (LIC) countries and possible influence of COVID-19 pandemic. In recently published sustainable development goals (SDGs) report and other sources the data on infant and under-five mortality (U-5MR) in HIC and LIC are presented. SDG 3.2 has targeted elimination of preventable child mortality, reduction of neonatal mortality rate (NMR) to less than 12 per 1,000 live births, and reduction of U-5MR to less than 25 per 1,000 live births by 2030. Negative influence of COVID-19 pandemic on performance of SDG 3.2 has been discussed. The lowest NMR was in HIC, almost 10 times lower than in LIC and sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Data on the U-5MR between HIC and LIC are even worse because the difference was between 13 and 15 times lower in HIC. More children are dying after the neonatal period in LIC. In HIC, NMR comprises 56.3% of U-5MR, while in LIC it is 40.3%, and in SSA, it is 36.8%. Births attended by skilled birth personnel in HIC was 99.0% and in LIC it was only 58.6%, which might affect early NMR. The COVID-19 pandemic is affecting the delivery of perinatal health, with possible negative effects on stillbirth rates, NMR, U-5MR, maternal mortality rates, and many other indicators. The gap of the NMR and U-5MR between HIC and LIC has increasing tendency regardless of COVID-19 pandemic, affecting adversely perinatal health indicators in HIC and LIC.
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Research funding: None declared.
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Author contributions: Single author contribution.
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Competing interests: Author states no conflict of interest.
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Informed consent: Not applicable.
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Ethical approval: Not applicable.
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© 2022 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Review
- Neonatal and child mortality – are they different in developing and developed countries?
- WAPM Guideline
- First trimester examination of fetal anatomy: clinical practice guideline by the World Association of Perinatal Medicine (WAPM) and the Perinatal Medicine Foundation (PMF)
- Original Articles – Obstetrics
- Symptoms of maternal psychological distress during pregnancy: sex-specific effects for neonatal morbidity
- Efficacy of the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)/lymphocyte ratio (LLR) to reduce the need for X-ray in pregnant patients with COVID-19
- Attitude of pregnant and lactating women toward COVID-19 vaccination in Jordan: a cross-sectional study
- Association between maternal thyroid function and risk of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia
- Evaluation of umbilical cord immune cells in pregnancies with autoimmune disorders and/or methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphisms
- The association between induction of labour in nulliparous women at term and subsequent spontaneous preterm birth: a retrospective cohort study
- Transvaginally surgically treatment of early postpartum hemorrhage caused by lower uterine segment atony
- Value of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1/placental growth factor test in third trimester of pregnancy for predicting preeclampsia in asymptomatic women
- Fetal growth regulation via insulin-like growth factor axis in normal and diabetic pregnancy
- Intrapartum cardiotocography in pregnancies with and without fetal CHD
- Racial and ethnic representation in 17-hydroxyprogesterone caproate preterm birth prevention studies: a systematic review
- Original Articles – Fetus
- Improved method for revising the Israel birthweight references
- A single center experience in 90 cases with nonimmune hydrops fetalis: diagnostic categories ‒ mostly aneuploidy and still often idiopathic
- Original Articles – Neonates
- Diagnosis of congenital infections in premature, low-birthweight newborns with intrauterine growth restriction caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), Parvo-B 19, and Zika virus: a systematic review
- The impact of COVID-19 on smoking cessation in pregnancy
- Letter to the Editor
- Early placenta previa percreta and treatment with supracervical abortion hysterectomy
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Review
- Neonatal and child mortality – are they different in developing and developed countries?
- WAPM Guideline
- First trimester examination of fetal anatomy: clinical practice guideline by the World Association of Perinatal Medicine (WAPM) and the Perinatal Medicine Foundation (PMF)
- Original Articles – Obstetrics
- Symptoms of maternal psychological distress during pregnancy: sex-specific effects for neonatal morbidity
- Efficacy of the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)/lymphocyte ratio (LLR) to reduce the need for X-ray in pregnant patients with COVID-19
- Attitude of pregnant and lactating women toward COVID-19 vaccination in Jordan: a cross-sectional study
- Association between maternal thyroid function and risk of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia
- Evaluation of umbilical cord immune cells in pregnancies with autoimmune disorders and/or methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphisms
- The association between induction of labour in nulliparous women at term and subsequent spontaneous preterm birth: a retrospective cohort study
- Transvaginally surgically treatment of early postpartum hemorrhage caused by lower uterine segment atony
- Value of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1/placental growth factor test in third trimester of pregnancy for predicting preeclampsia in asymptomatic women
- Fetal growth regulation via insulin-like growth factor axis in normal and diabetic pregnancy
- Intrapartum cardiotocography in pregnancies with and without fetal CHD
- Racial and ethnic representation in 17-hydroxyprogesterone caproate preterm birth prevention studies: a systematic review
- Original Articles – Fetus
- Improved method for revising the Israel birthweight references
- A single center experience in 90 cases with nonimmune hydrops fetalis: diagnostic categories ‒ mostly aneuploidy and still often idiopathic
- Original Articles – Neonates
- Diagnosis of congenital infections in premature, low-birthweight newborns with intrauterine growth restriction caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), Parvo-B 19, and Zika virus: a systematic review
- The impact of COVID-19 on smoking cessation in pregnancy
- Letter to the Editor
- Early placenta previa percreta and treatment with supracervical abortion hysterectomy
