High speed operation efficiency of doped light sources with the silica-doped fiber channel for extended optical fiber system reach
-
Anitha Gopalan
,
Annalakshmi Thillaigovindan
Abstract
This paper demonstrated the high speed operation efficiency of doped light sources with the silica-doped fiber channel for extended optical fiber system reach. The output power and required bias voltage are clarified of AlIn(x)Ga(y)As light source versus injection current variations and indium, gallium dopants concentration variations at room temperature and 1.55 μm wavelength. The output power and required bias voltage are studied of PAl(z)Ge(h)Sb light source versus injection current variations and aluminum, germanium dopants concentration variations at room temperature and 1.55 μm wavelength. Required resonance frequency is measured for AlIn(x)Ga(y)As light source versus injection current variations and indium, gallium dopants concentration variations at room temperature and 1.55 μm wavelength. Required resonance frequency is demonstrated for PAl(z)Ge(h)Sb light source versus injection current variations and aluminum, germanium dopants concentration variations at room temperature and 1.55 μm wavelength.
-
Research ethics: Not applicable.
-
Author contributions: The authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
-
Competing interests: The authors state no conflict of interest.
-
Research funding: Not applicable.
-
Data availability: Not applicable.
References
1. Helman, NC, Roth, JE, Bour, DP, Altug, H, Miller, DAB. Misalignment-tolerant surface-normal low voltage modulator for optical interconnects. IEEE J Sel Top Quant Electron 2005;11:338–42. https://doi.org/10.1109/jstqe.2005.845613.Search in Google Scholar
2. Emami-Neyestanak, A, Palermo, S, Lee, H-C, Horowitz, M. CMOS transceiver with baud rate clock recovery for optical interconnects. In: IEEE symposium on VLSI circuits. Honolulu: IEEE; 2004, vol 4:410–13 pp.10.1109/VLSIC.2004.1346633Search in Google Scholar
3. Selvaraja, SK, Jaenen, P, Bogaerts, W, Van Thourhout, D, Dumon, P, Baets, R. Fabrication of photonic wire and crystal circuits in silicon-on-insulator using 193-nm optical lithography. J Lightwave Technol 2009;27:4076–83. https://doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2009.2022282.Search in Google Scholar
4. Gnan, M, Thoms, S, De La Rue, RM, Sorel, M. Fabrication of low loss photonic wires in silicon-on-insulator using hydrogen silsesquioxane electron beam resist. Electron Lett 2008;44:115–16. https://doi.org/10.1049/el:20082985.10.1049/el:20082985Search in Google Scholar
5. Gangopadhyay, S, Sarkar, SN. Laser diode to single-mode fibre excited via hyperbolic lens on the fibre tip: formulation of ABCD matrix and efficiency computation. Opt Commun 1996;132:55–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-4018(96)00328-8.10.1016/0030-4018(96)00328-8Search in Google Scholar
6. Gangopadhyay, S, Sarkar, SN. Misalignment considerations in laser diode to single-mode fibre excitation via hyperbolic lens on the fiber tip. Opt Commun 1998;146:104–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0030-4018(97)00487-2.10.1016/S0030-4018(97)00487-2Search in Google Scholar
7. Selvaraja, SK, Sleeckx, E, Schaekers, M, Bogaerts, W, Van Thourhout, D, Dumon, P, et al.. Low-loss amorphous silicon-on insulator technology for photonic integrated circuitry. Opt Commun 2009;282:1767–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2009.01.021.Search in Google Scholar
8. Vivien, L, Marris-Morini, D, Crozat, P, Damlencourt, J, Cassan, E, Laval, S, et al.. 42 GHz PIN germanium photodetector integrated in silicon-on-insulator waveguide. Opt Express 2009;17:6252–7. https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.17.006252.Search in Google Scholar
9. Kim, G, Han, X, Chen, RT. An 8-Gb/supercomputing optical backplane bus based on micro channel interconnects: design, measurements. J Lightwave Technol 2000;18:1477–86. https://doi.org/10.1109/50.896207.Search in Google Scholar
10. Tatian, B. Fitting refractive index data with the Sellmeier dispersion formula. Appl Opt 1984;23:4477–85. https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.23.004477.Search in Google Scholar
11. Mena, PV, Monkuni, JJ, Kang, SM, Harton, AV, Wyatt, KW. A simple rate-equation-based thermal VCSEL model. J Lightwave Technol 1999;17:865–72. https://doi.org/10.1109/50.762905.Search in Google Scholar
12. Huang, D, Lytel, R, Davison, HL, Davidson, H. Optical interconnects: out of the box forever. IEEE J Sel Top Quant Electron 2003;9:614–23. https://doi.org/10.1109/jstqe.2003.812506.Search in Google Scholar
13. Kroemer, C, Sialm, G, Berger, C, Morf, T, Schmatz, ML, Ellinger, F, et al.. A 100-mW 4 × 10 Gbit/sec transceiver in 80-nm CMOS for high density optical interconnects. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits 2005;40:2667–79.10.1109/JSSC.2005.856575Search in Google Scholar
14. Chang, Y-C, Wang, CS, Coldren, LA. High efficiency, high speed VCSELs with 35 Gbit/s error free operation. Electron Lett 2007;43:1022–3. https://doi.org/10.1049/el:20072074.10.1049/el:20072074Search in Google Scholar
15. Krishnamoorthy, A, Zheng, X, Lexau, J, Koka, P, Li, GL, Shubin, I, et al.. Computer systems based on silicon photonic interconnects. Proc IEEE 2009;97:1337–61. https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2009.2020712.Search in Google Scholar
16. O’Connor, I, Tissafi-Drissi, F, Dambre, J, Van Campenhout, J, Van Thourhout, D, Van Campenhout, J, et al.. Systematic simulation-based predictive synthesis of integrated optical interconnect. IEEE Trans Very Large Scale Integr Syst 2007;15:927–40. https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2007.900730.Search in Google Scholar
17. Edwards, CA, Presby, HM, Dragone, C. Ideal microlenses for laser to fiber coupling. IEEE J Lightwave Technol 1993;11:252–7. https://doi.org/10.1109/50.212535.Search in Google Scholar
18. Presby, HM, Edwards, CA. Efficient coupling of polarization maintaining fiber to laser diodes. IEEE Photon Technol Lett 1992;4:897–9. https://doi.org/10.1109/68.149901.Search in Google Scholar
19. Presby, HM, Edwards, CA. Near 100% efficient fiber microlenses. Electron Lett 1992;28:582–4. https://doi.org/10.1049/el:19920367.10.1049/el:19920367Search in Google Scholar
20. Gangopadhyay, S, Sarkar, SN. Laser diode to single-mode fiber excitation via hemispherical lens on the fiber tip: efficiency computation by ABCD matrix with consideration for allowable aperture. J Opt Commun 1998;19:42–4. https://doi.org/10.1515/joc.1998.19.2.42.10.1515/JOC.1998.19.2.42Search in Google Scholar
21. Patra, P, Gangopadhyay, S, Goswami, K. Mismatch considerations in laser diode to monomode fiber excitation via a hemispherical lens on the elliptical core fiber tip. Optik 2008;119:596–600. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2007.04.002.10.1016/j.ijleo.2007.04.002Search in Google Scholar
22. Maiti, S, Maiti, AK, Gangopadhyay, S. Laser diode to single-mode triangular-index fiber excitation via upside down hemispherical microlens on the fiber tip: prescription of ABCD matrix of transmission and estimation of coupling efficiency. Optik 2017;144:481–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2017.06.125.10.1016/j.ijleo.2017.06.125Search in Google Scholar
23. Bharat, NB, Singh, N. Gain flattened and C/L band amplified spontaneous emission noise re-injected L-band EDFA. J Opt Commun 2024;45:157–63. https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2021-0192.Search in Google Scholar
24. Kumar Vyas, A, Dhiman, HS. Predication of negative dispersion for photonic crystal fiber using extreme learning machine. J Opt Commun 2024;45:219–25. https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2021-0124.Search in Google Scholar
25. Aich, J, Majumdar, A, Gangopadhyay, S. Analysis of optical Kerr effect on effective core area and index of refraction in single-mode dispersion shifted and dispersion flattened fibers. J Opt Commun 2024;45:227–33. https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2021-0211.Search in Google Scholar
© 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Amplifiers
- Detailed scrutiny of FWM in holmium-doped fiber amplifier (HOFA) in WDM systems
- A double clad ASE Re-injected hybrid TDFA and HDFA amplifier with ±1.44 dB GF
- Detectors
- Performance parameters estimation of high speed Silicon/Germanium/InGaAsP avalanche photodiodes wide bandwidth capability in ultra high speed optical communication system
- Devices
- Performance study of microwave photonic links by considering the effect of phase shifters and bias conditions on dual-drive dual parallel Mach–Zehnder modulator
- Fibers
- High birefringence low loss nearly zero flat dispersion similar to slotted core photonic crystal fibers
- Comparative analysis of high index core micro structured optical fibers (HIMSOF) and hollow core band gap fibers (HCBGF) performance efficiency in fiber communication system
- Management of lateral misalignment loss and total insertion loss with beam waist control in high contrast single mode coupling fibers
- Networks
- Enabling ultra-high bit rate transmission with CFBG as dispersion compensator in an OptiSpan 240 km DWDM network
- Performance and energy efficiency enhancement of existing optical communication systems by incorporating resource allocation on demand technique in FiWi networks
- A fiber-wireless integration approach in WDM-PON architecture, boosted with polarization multiplexing and optical frequency comb source
- Optimizing Fi-Wi network performance through advanced multiplexing techniques: a comparative analysis for enhanced quality metrics
- Synergizing intelligent signal processing with wavelength-division multiplexing for enhanced efficiency and speed in photonic network communications
- Systems
- Simulation design for Ro-FSO communications system by digital modulation schemes
- Implementing green optical waveform system using hybrid cognitive methods for QAM transmission scheme
- MZM–SOA based RoF system for 30-tuple millimeter-wave generation
- Hybrid optical-electronic compensation of fiber nonlinearity for long-haul coherent optical transmission
- High speed operation efficiency of doped light sources with the silica-doped fiber channel for extended optical fiber system reach
- Relative intensity noise management and thermal/shot noise control for high speed ultra high bandwidth fiber reach transmission performance
- Simulative analysis of carrier suppressed return to zero based symmetrical compensated optical link
- A combination of DST precoder and ICF based-methods for PAPR suppression in OFDM signal
- Evaluating the effectiveness of various diversity and combining techniques on an RF-FSO link
- Comparative study of DCT-and DHT-based OFDM systems over doubly dispersive fading channels
- Design and performance of WDM system for high-speed optical communication on different modulation formats
- Transmission of data rate by radio over free space optical communications system under turbulence conditions
- Implementation of companding scheme for performance enhancement of optical OFDM structure
- Theory
- High thermal stability and high-performance efficiency capability of light sources–based rate equation models in optical fiber transmission systems
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Amplifiers
- Detailed scrutiny of FWM in holmium-doped fiber amplifier (HOFA) in WDM systems
- A double clad ASE Re-injected hybrid TDFA and HDFA amplifier with ±1.44 dB GF
- Detectors
- Performance parameters estimation of high speed Silicon/Germanium/InGaAsP avalanche photodiodes wide bandwidth capability in ultra high speed optical communication system
- Devices
- Performance study of microwave photonic links by considering the effect of phase shifters and bias conditions on dual-drive dual parallel Mach–Zehnder modulator
- Fibers
- High birefringence low loss nearly zero flat dispersion similar to slotted core photonic crystal fibers
- Comparative analysis of high index core micro structured optical fibers (HIMSOF) and hollow core band gap fibers (HCBGF) performance efficiency in fiber communication system
- Management of lateral misalignment loss and total insertion loss with beam waist control in high contrast single mode coupling fibers
- Networks
- Enabling ultra-high bit rate transmission with CFBG as dispersion compensator in an OptiSpan 240 km DWDM network
- Performance and energy efficiency enhancement of existing optical communication systems by incorporating resource allocation on demand technique in FiWi networks
- A fiber-wireless integration approach in WDM-PON architecture, boosted with polarization multiplexing and optical frequency comb source
- Optimizing Fi-Wi network performance through advanced multiplexing techniques: a comparative analysis for enhanced quality metrics
- Synergizing intelligent signal processing with wavelength-division multiplexing for enhanced efficiency and speed in photonic network communications
- Systems
- Simulation design for Ro-FSO communications system by digital modulation schemes
- Implementing green optical waveform system using hybrid cognitive methods for QAM transmission scheme
- MZM–SOA based RoF system for 30-tuple millimeter-wave generation
- Hybrid optical-electronic compensation of fiber nonlinearity for long-haul coherent optical transmission
- High speed operation efficiency of doped light sources with the silica-doped fiber channel for extended optical fiber system reach
- Relative intensity noise management and thermal/shot noise control for high speed ultra high bandwidth fiber reach transmission performance
- Simulative analysis of carrier suppressed return to zero based symmetrical compensated optical link
- A combination of DST precoder and ICF based-methods for PAPR suppression in OFDM signal
- Evaluating the effectiveness of various diversity and combining techniques on an RF-FSO link
- Comparative study of DCT-and DHT-based OFDM systems over doubly dispersive fading channels
- Design and performance of WDM system for high-speed optical communication on different modulation formats
- Transmission of data rate by radio over free space optical communications system under turbulence conditions
- Implementation of companding scheme for performance enhancement of optical OFDM structure
- Theory
- High thermal stability and high-performance efficiency capability of light sources–based rate equation models in optical fiber transmission systems
