A double clad ASE Re-injected hybrid TDFA and HDFA amplifier with ±1.44 dB GF
-
Vijaya Bhandari
and
Neelu Trivedi
Abstract
Current developments in wireless communications accentuate the exigency of high gain, low noise figure (NF) and minimum gain fluctuations (GF) based optical amplifier in 1.9–2.15 μm eye safe wavelength band. Hybrid thulium (Tm) doped fiber amplifier (TDFA) and holmium (Ho) doped fiber amplifier (HDFA) are the perfect candidates to extend the bandwidth towards 2 μm long wavelengths. In this work, amplifier spontaneous emission (ASE) re-injected double clad TDFA-HDFA hybrid amplifier using Fiber bragg gratings (FBGs) is presented for the amplification of 64 wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) channels covering 63 nm wavelength window. Further, performance of proposed amplifier with and without ASE reinjection is evaluated in terms of Gain, NF, GF and optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR). Effects of single and double clad on the Gain are studied and optimization of Tm and Ho doped fiber length, pump powers, and input power has also been accomplished. The GF as low as ±1.44 dB, Gain >28 dB, NF < 5.08 dB, output power 4.2 W are achieved in ASE re-injected configuration using 785 nm pump at 55 dBm in TDFA and 1,900 nm pump at 20 dBm in HDFA. It is noticed that double clad and ASE reinjection in TDFA and HDFA offer better GF.
-
Research ethics: Not applicable.
-
Author contributions: Vijaya Bhandari, Research Scholar, performed the proposed investigation under the Guidance of Neelu Trivedi, Professor and Head of ECE department, IFTM university, India.
-
Competing interests: Work is performed in IFTM university India.
-
Research funding: Not applicable.
-
Data availability: Not applicable.
References
1. Mirza, J, Imtiaz, WA, Aljohani, AJ, Ghafoor, S. A high bit rate free space optics based ring topology having carrier-less nodes. IET Commun 2021;15:1530–8. https://doi.org/10.1049/cmu2.12174.Search in Google Scholar
2. Amin, MZ, Qureshi, KK, Hossain, MM. Doping radius effects on an erbium-doped fiber amplifier. Chin Opt Lett 2019;17:010602. https://doi.org/10.3788/col201917.010602.Search in Google Scholar
3. Mears, RJ, Reekie, L, Jauncey, IM, Payne, DN. High-gain rare-earth-doped fiber amplifier at 1.54 µm. In: Proceedings of the optical fiber communication conference. Reno, NV, USA; 1987.10.1364/OFC.1987.WI2Search in Google Scholar
4. Mirza, J, Ghafoor, S, Habib, N, Kanwal, F, Qureshi, KK. Performance evaluation of praseodymium doped fiber amplifiers. Opt Rev 2021;28:611–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10043-021-00706-z.Search in Google Scholar
5. Li, Z, Heidt, AM, Simakov, N, Jung, Y, Daniel, JMO, Alam, SU, et al.. Diode-pumped wideband thulium-doped fiber amplifiers for optical communications in the 1800 – 2050 nm window. Opt Express 2013;21:26450–5. https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.21.026450.Search in Google Scholar
6. Spiers, GD, Menzies, RT, Jacob, J, Christensen, LE, Browell, EV, Choi, Y, et al.. Atmospheric CO2 measurements with a 2 µm airborne laser absorption spectrometer employing coherent detection. Appl Opt 2011;50:2098–111. https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.50.002098.Search in Google Scholar
7. Caron, J, Durand, Y. Operating wavelengths optimization for a spaceborne LIDAR measuring atmospheric CO2. Appl Opt 2009;48:5413–22. https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.48.005413.Search in Google Scholar
8. Sadiq, MU, Zhang, H, O’Callaghan, J, Roycroft, B, Gocalinska, A40, Thomas, K, et al.. Gb/s WDM transmission over 1.15–km HC-PBGF using an InP-based Mach–Zehnder modulator at 2 µm. J Lightwave Technol 2016;34:1706–11. https://doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2015.2508941.Search in Google Scholar
9. Zhang, H, Kavanagh, N, Li, Z, Zhao, J, Ye, N, Chen, Y, et al.. 100 Gbit/s WDM transmission at 2 µm: transmission studies in both low-loss hollow core photonic bandgap fiber and solid core fiber. Opt Express 2015;23:4946–51. https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.23.004946.Search in Google Scholar
10. Scholle, K, Lamrini, S, Koopmann, P, Fuhrberg, P. 2 µm laser sources and their possible applications. London, UK: IntechOpen; 2010.10.5772/39538Search in Google Scholar
11. Tench, RE, Walasik, W, Delavaux, J. Novel highly efficient in-band pump wavelengths for medium slope efficiency holmium-doped fiber amplifiers. J Lightwave Technol 2021;39:3546–52. https://doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2021.3067600.Search in Google Scholar
12. Kamynin, VA, Filatova, SA, Zhluktova, IV, Tsvetkov, VB. Holmium doped fiber amplifier in the spectral region 2–2.15 µm. In: Proceedings of the IEEE international conference laser optics (LO). St. Petersburg, Russia; 2016, vol 27:S1–17 pp.10.1109/LO.2016.7549950Search in Google Scholar
13. Simakov, N, Li, Z, Jung, Y, Daniel, JM, Barua, P, Shardlow, PC, et al.. High gain Holmium-doped fibre amplifiers. Opt Express 2016;24:13946–56. https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.24.013946.Search in Google Scholar
14. Simakov, N, Li, Z, Alam, SU, Shardlow, PC, Daniel, JM, Jain, D, et al.. Holmium-doped fiber amplifier for optical communications at 2.05–2.13 µm. In: Proceedings of the IEEE optical fiber communications conference and exhibition (OFC). Los Angeles, CA, USA; 2015, 1–3 pp.10.1364/OFC.2015.Tu2C.6Search in Google Scholar
15. Tench, RE, Romano, C, Delavaux, J, Robin, T, Cadier, B, Laurent, A. All-polarization-maintaining one-and two-stage holmium-doped fiber amplifiers at 2051 nm. In: Proceedings of the conference on lasers and electro-optics (CLEO): applications and technology 2018. San Jose, CA, USA; 2018.10.1364/CLEO_AT.2018.JTh2A.132Search in Google Scholar
16. Zhluktova, IV, Kamynin, VA, Tsvetkov, VB. Holmium fiber amplifier operating in the spectral range 2016–2200 nm. In: Proceedings of the IEEE international conference laser optics (ICLO). St. Petersburg, Russia; 2018, 115–17 pp.10.1109/LO.2018.8435818Search in Google Scholar
17. Gibert, F, Dumas, A, Rothman, J, Edouart, D, Cenac, C, Pellegrino, J. Performances of a HGCDTEAPD based direct detection lidar at 2 μM: application to dial measurements. EPG Web Conf 2018;176:01001. https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817601001.Search in Google Scholar
18. Ishii, S, Sato, A, Aoki, M, Akahane, K, Nagano, S, Baron, P, et al.. Research and development for future space-based Doppler Wind Lidar. In: Proceedings of 18th coherent laser radar conference (university of Colorado, 2016), M-10; 2016.Search in Google Scholar
19. Goodno, GD, Book, LD, Rothenberg, JE. Low-phase-noise, single-frequency, single-mode 608 W thulium fiber amplifier. Opt Lett 2009;34:1204–6. https://doi.org/10.1364/ol.34.001204.Search in Google Scholar
20. Hemming, A, Simakov, N, Davidson, A, Oermann, M, Corena, L, Stepanov, D, et al.. Development of high power Holmium-doped fibre amplifiers. Proc SPIE 2014;8961:89611A.10.1117/12.2042963Search in Google Scholar
21. Tench, RE, Amavigan, A, Romano, C, Traore, D, Delavaux, J, Robin, T, et al.. 3.5 W broadband PM hybrid amplifier at 2051 nm with Holmium- and Thulium-doped single-clad fibers. J Lightwave Technol 2021;39:1471–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2020.3034477.Search in Google Scholar
22. Tench, RE, Romano, C, Delavaux, JM. 25 W 2 μm broadband polarization-maintaining hybrid Ho- and Tm-doped fiber amplifier. Appl Opt 2019;58:4170–5. https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.58.004170.Search in Google Scholar
23. Tench, RE, Romano, C, Delavaux, J, Lenox, R, Byrne, D, Carney, K. In-depth studies of the spectral bandwidth of a 25 W 2 µm band PM hybrid Ho- and Tm-doped fiber amplifier. J Lightwave Technol 2019;38:2456–63. https://doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2019.2961987.Search in Google Scholar
24. Kir’yanov, AV, Barmenkov, YO, Villegas-Garcia, IL, Cruz, JL, Andres, MV. Highly efficient holmium-doped all-fiber∼2.07-μm laser pumped by Ytterbium-doped fiber laser at ∼1.13 μm. IEEE J Sel Top Quant Electron 2018;24:99. https://doi.org/10.1109/jstqe.2018.2810385.Search in Google Scholar
25. Gandy, HW, Ginther, RJ, weller, JF. Stimulated emission of Tm3+ radiation insilicate glass. J Appl Phys 1967;38:3030–1. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1710050.Search in Google Scholar
26. Kyunghwan, O, Kilian, A, Reinhart, L, Zhang, Q, Morse, TF, Weber, PM. Broadband superfluorescent emission of the 3H4 → 3H6 transition in a Tm-doped multicomponent silicate fiber. Opt Lett 1994;19:1131–3. https://doi.org/10.1364/ol.19.001131.Search in Google Scholar
27. Tsang, YH, King, TA, Ko, D, Lee, J. Broadband amplified spontaneous emission double-clad fibre source with central wavelengths near 2 μm. J Mod Opt 2006;53:991–1001. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500340500420100.Search in Google Scholar
28. Honzatko, P, Baravets, Y, Kasik, I, Podrazky, O. Wideband thulium–holmium-doped fiber source with combined forward and backward amplified spontaneous emission at 1600–2300 nm spectral band. Opt Lett 2014;39:3650–3. https://doi.org/10.1364/ol.39.003650.Search in Google Scholar
29. Bansal, B, Naresh and Singh, N. Gain flattened and C/L band amplified spontaneous emission noise re-injected L-band EDFA. J Opt Commun 2024;45:157–63. https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-(2021)-0192.Search in Google Scholar
30. Hu, L, Mao, Q, Yao, B. Reusing the backward ASE in Tm-Ho co-doped fiber amplifiers based on FBG. Chin J Lasers 2016;43:505006.10.3788/CJL201643.0505006Search in Google Scholar
© 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Amplifiers
- Detailed scrutiny of FWM in holmium-doped fiber amplifier (HOFA) in WDM systems
- A double clad ASE Re-injected hybrid TDFA and HDFA amplifier with ±1.44 dB GF
- Detectors
- Performance parameters estimation of high speed Silicon/Germanium/InGaAsP avalanche photodiodes wide bandwidth capability in ultra high speed optical communication system
- Devices
- Performance study of microwave photonic links by considering the effect of phase shifters and bias conditions on dual-drive dual parallel Mach–Zehnder modulator
- Fibers
- High birefringence low loss nearly zero flat dispersion similar to slotted core photonic crystal fibers
- Comparative analysis of high index core micro structured optical fibers (HIMSOF) and hollow core band gap fibers (HCBGF) performance efficiency in fiber communication system
- Management of lateral misalignment loss and total insertion loss with beam waist control in high contrast single mode coupling fibers
- Networks
- Enabling ultra-high bit rate transmission with CFBG as dispersion compensator in an OptiSpan 240 km DWDM network
- Performance and energy efficiency enhancement of existing optical communication systems by incorporating resource allocation on demand technique in FiWi networks
- A fiber-wireless integration approach in WDM-PON architecture, boosted with polarization multiplexing and optical frequency comb source
- Optimizing Fi-Wi network performance through advanced multiplexing techniques: a comparative analysis for enhanced quality metrics
- Synergizing intelligent signal processing with wavelength-division multiplexing for enhanced efficiency and speed in photonic network communications
- Systems
- Simulation design for Ro-FSO communications system by digital modulation schemes
- Implementing green optical waveform system using hybrid cognitive methods for QAM transmission scheme
- MZM–SOA based RoF system for 30-tuple millimeter-wave generation
- Hybrid optical-electronic compensation of fiber nonlinearity for long-haul coherent optical transmission
- High speed operation efficiency of doped light sources with the silica-doped fiber channel for extended optical fiber system reach
- Relative intensity noise management and thermal/shot noise control for high speed ultra high bandwidth fiber reach transmission performance
- Simulative analysis of carrier suppressed return to zero based symmetrical compensated optical link
- A combination of DST precoder and ICF based-methods for PAPR suppression in OFDM signal
- Evaluating the effectiveness of various diversity and combining techniques on an RF-FSO link
- Comparative study of DCT-and DHT-based OFDM systems over doubly dispersive fading channels
- Design and performance of WDM system for high-speed optical communication on different modulation formats
- Transmission of data rate by radio over free space optical communications system under turbulence conditions
- Implementation of companding scheme for performance enhancement of optical OFDM structure
- Theory
- High thermal stability and high-performance efficiency capability of light sources–based rate equation models in optical fiber transmission systems
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Amplifiers
- Detailed scrutiny of FWM in holmium-doped fiber amplifier (HOFA) in WDM systems
- A double clad ASE Re-injected hybrid TDFA and HDFA amplifier with ±1.44 dB GF
- Detectors
- Performance parameters estimation of high speed Silicon/Germanium/InGaAsP avalanche photodiodes wide bandwidth capability in ultra high speed optical communication system
- Devices
- Performance study of microwave photonic links by considering the effect of phase shifters and bias conditions on dual-drive dual parallel Mach–Zehnder modulator
- Fibers
- High birefringence low loss nearly zero flat dispersion similar to slotted core photonic crystal fibers
- Comparative analysis of high index core micro structured optical fibers (HIMSOF) and hollow core band gap fibers (HCBGF) performance efficiency in fiber communication system
- Management of lateral misalignment loss and total insertion loss with beam waist control in high contrast single mode coupling fibers
- Networks
- Enabling ultra-high bit rate transmission with CFBG as dispersion compensator in an OptiSpan 240 km DWDM network
- Performance and energy efficiency enhancement of existing optical communication systems by incorporating resource allocation on demand technique in FiWi networks
- A fiber-wireless integration approach in WDM-PON architecture, boosted with polarization multiplexing and optical frequency comb source
- Optimizing Fi-Wi network performance through advanced multiplexing techniques: a comparative analysis for enhanced quality metrics
- Synergizing intelligent signal processing with wavelength-division multiplexing for enhanced efficiency and speed in photonic network communications
- Systems
- Simulation design for Ro-FSO communications system by digital modulation schemes
- Implementing green optical waveform system using hybrid cognitive methods for QAM transmission scheme
- MZM–SOA based RoF system for 30-tuple millimeter-wave generation
- Hybrid optical-electronic compensation of fiber nonlinearity for long-haul coherent optical transmission
- High speed operation efficiency of doped light sources with the silica-doped fiber channel for extended optical fiber system reach
- Relative intensity noise management and thermal/shot noise control for high speed ultra high bandwidth fiber reach transmission performance
- Simulative analysis of carrier suppressed return to zero based symmetrical compensated optical link
- A combination of DST precoder and ICF based-methods for PAPR suppression in OFDM signal
- Evaluating the effectiveness of various diversity and combining techniques on an RF-FSO link
- Comparative study of DCT-and DHT-based OFDM systems over doubly dispersive fading channels
- Design and performance of WDM system for high-speed optical communication on different modulation formats
- Transmission of data rate by radio over free space optical communications system under turbulence conditions
- Implementation of companding scheme for performance enhancement of optical OFDM structure
- Theory
- High thermal stability and high-performance efficiency capability of light sources–based rate equation models in optical fiber transmission systems
