Abstract
This paper has clarified comparative analysis of high index core micro structured optical fibers (HIMSOF) and hollow core band gap fibers (HCBGF) performance efficiency in the fiber communication system. Total fiber dispersion is clarified versus distance between holes in µm at the employment of 850 nm, 1,300 nm and 1,550 nm wavelength transmission. Besides, the total fiber dispersion is also demonstrated against the hole diameter in µm at the employment of 850 nm, 1,300 nm and 1,550 nm wavelength transmission. The total fiber confinement loss is studied and illustrated against the distance between holes in µm at the employment of various wavelength band transmission. Total fiber losses are demonstrated in relation to the distance between holes in µm at the employment of 850 nm, 1,300 nm and 1,550 nm wavelength transmission.
-
Research ethics: Not applicable.
-
Author contributions: The authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
-
Competing interests: The authors state no conflict of interest.
-
Research funding: Not applicable.
-
Data availability: Not applicable.
References
1. Oliveira, JM, da Silva, HAB, de Sousa, FB, de Oliveira, LA, de Oliveira, JE, de Sousa, FM, et al.. Verification of all-optical regeneration with hybrid modulation and with on-off keying modulation with return to zero and non-return to zero coding. J Comput Theor Nanosci 2020;17:4875–84. https://doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.9628.Search in Google Scholar
2. Russell, PSJ. Photonic crystal fibers: basics and applications. In: Optical fiber telecommunications VA. Erlangen: Academic Press and Elsevier; 2008:485–22 pp.10.1016/B978-0-12-374171-4.00014-9Search in Google Scholar
3. Saitoh, K, Tsuchida, Y, Koshiba, M, Mortensen, NA. Endlessly single-mode holey fibers: the influence of core design. Opt Express 2005;13:10833–9. https://doi.org/10.1364/OPEX.13.010833.Search in Google Scholar
4. Kuhlmey, B, Renversez, G, Maystre, D. Chromatic dispersion and losses of microstructured optical fibers. Appl Opt 2003;42:634–9. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.42.000634.Search in Google Scholar
5. Varshney, SK, Singh, MP, Sinha, RK. Propagation characteristics of photonic crystal fibers. J Opt Commun 2003;24:192–8. https://doi.org/10.1515/JOC.2003.24.5.192.Search in Google Scholar
6. Dudley, JM, Taylor, JR. Ten years of nonlinear optics in photonic crystal fiber. Nat Photonics 2009;3:85–90. https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2008.285.Search in Google Scholar
7. Singh, S, Singh, N. Nonlinear effects in optical fibers: origin, management and applications. Prog Electromagn Res 2007;73:249–75. https://doi.org/10.2528/PIER07040201.Search in Google Scholar
8. Issa, NA, Eijkelenborg, MA, Fellew, M, Cox, F, Henry, G, Large, MC. Fabrication and study of micro structured optical fibers with elliptical holes. Opt Lett 2004;29:1336–8. https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.29.001336.Search in Google Scholar
9. Bise, RT, Trevor, D. Sol-gel derived micro structured fibers: fabrication and characterization. In: Proceedings of the optical fiber communication conference OWL6. Anaheim, USA; 2005.10.1109/OFC.2005.192772Search in Google Scholar
10. Zhang, P, Zhang, J, Yang, P, Dai, S, Wang, X, Zhang, W. Fabrication of chalcogenide glass photonic crystal fibers with mechanical drilling. Opt Fiber Technol 2015;26:176–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yofte.2015.09.002.Search in Google Scholar
11. Chauhan, P, Kumar, A, Kalra, Y. Mid-infrared broadband supercontinuum generation in a highly nonlinear rectangular core chalcogenide photonic crystal fiber. Opt Fiber Technol 2018;46:174–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yofte.2018.10.004.Search in Google Scholar
12. Karim, MR, Rahman, BM, Agrawal, GP. Mid-infrared supercontinuum generation using dispersion-engineered Ge 11.5 As 24 Se 64.5 chalcogenide channel waveguide. Opt Express 2015;23:6903–14. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.23.006903.Search in Google Scholar
13. Saini, TS, Hoa, NP, Tuan, TH, Luo, X, Suzuki, T, Ohishi, Y. Tapered tellurite step-index optical fiber for coherent near-to-mid-IR supercontinuum generation: experiment and modeling. Appl Opt 2019;58:415–21. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.58.000415.Search in Google Scholar
14. Xu, Y, Wei, Y, Ren, X, Zhang, X, Huang, Y. All-optical regeneration based on highly nonlinear photonic crystal fiber. Front Optoelectron 2008;1:79–84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12200-008-0017-1.Search in Google Scholar
15. Bjarklev, A, Lin, C Applications of photonic crystal fibers in optical communications – what is in the future? In: IEEE LEOS annual meeting conference proceedings. Sydney, Australia; 2005:812–3 pp.10.1109/LEOS.2005.1548256Search in Google Scholar
16. Sridharan, AK, Pax, P, Messerly, MJ, Dawson, JW. High-gain photonic crystal fiber regenerative amplifier. Opt Lett 2009;34:608–10. https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.34.000608.Search in Google Scholar
17. Zhou, J, Tajima, K, Nakajima, K, Kurokawa, K, Fukai, C, Matsui, T, et al.. Progress on low loss photonic crystal fibers. Opt Fiber Technol 2005;11:101–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yofte.2004.12.002.Search in Google Scholar
18. Kudlinski, A, Mussot, A, Habert, R, Sylvestre, T. Widely tunable parametric amplification and pulse train generation by heating a photonic crystal fiber. IEEE J Quant Electron 2011;47:1514–8. https://doi.org/10.1109/JQE.2011.2173159.Search in Google Scholar
19. Zhang, L, Yang, SG, Wang, XJ, Gou, DD, Chen, HW, Chen, MH, et al.. Demonstration of optical parametric gain generation in the 1 μm regime based on a photonic crystal fiber pumped by a picosecond mode-locked ytterbium-doped fiber laser. J Opt 2013;16:015202. https://doi.org/10.1088/2040-8978/16/1/015202.Search in Google Scholar
20. Maji, PS, Chaudhuri, PR. Tunable fiber-optic parametric amplifier based on near-zero ultraflat dispersion PCF for communication wavelength. IEEE Photon J 2015;7:1–3. https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2015.2438432.Search in Google Scholar
21. Zhang, L, Tuan, TH, Kawamura, H, Nagasaka, K, Suzuki, T, Ohishi, Y. Broadband optical parametric amplifier formed by two pairs of adjacent four-wave mixing sidebands in a tellurite microstructured optical fibre. J Opt 2016;18:055502. https://doi.org/10.1088/2040-8978/18/5/055502.Search in Google Scholar
22. Pakarzadeh, H, Taghizadeh, M, Hatami, M. Designing a photonic crystal fiber for an ultra-broadband parametric amplification in telecommunication region. J Nonlinear Opt Phys Mater 2016;25:1650023. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218863516500235.Search in Google Scholar
23. Taghizadeh, M, Hatami, M, Pakarzadeh, H, Tavassoly, MK. Pulsed optical parametric amplification based on photonic crystal fibres. J Mod Opt 2017;64:357–65. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500340.2016.1237684.Search in Google Scholar
24. Ahmadian, A, Khatir, M, Darvish, G. Dual-band fiber optical parametric amplification in a structure of highly nonlinear photonic crystal fiber. Opt Eng 2021;60:046107. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.OE.60.4.046107.Search in Google Scholar
25. Eltaif, T. Broadband enhancement of optical frequency comb using cascaded four-wave mixing in photonic crystal fiber. Adv OptoElectron 2017:1365072. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/1365072.Search in Google Scholar
26. Sang, X, Chu, PL, Yu, C. Applications of nonlinear effects in highly nonlinear photonic crystal fiber to optical communications. Opt Quantum Electron 2005;37:965–94. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-005-8338-4.Search in Google Scholar
27. Xu, SX, Zhou, L, Xiao, J. 40 Gb/s optical 3R-regeneration based on XPM and SPM in PCF. Adv Mat Res 2012;571:180–4. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.571.180.Search in Google Scholar
© 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Amplifiers
- Detailed scrutiny of FWM in holmium-doped fiber amplifier (HOFA) in WDM systems
- A double clad ASE Re-injected hybrid TDFA and HDFA amplifier with ±1.44 dB GF
- Detectors
- Performance parameters estimation of high speed Silicon/Germanium/InGaAsP avalanche photodiodes wide bandwidth capability in ultra high speed optical communication system
- Devices
- Performance study of microwave photonic links by considering the effect of phase shifters and bias conditions on dual-drive dual parallel Mach–Zehnder modulator
- Fibers
- High birefringence low loss nearly zero flat dispersion similar to slotted core photonic crystal fibers
- Comparative analysis of high index core micro structured optical fibers (HIMSOF) and hollow core band gap fibers (HCBGF) performance efficiency in fiber communication system
- Management of lateral misalignment loss and total insertion loss with beam waist control in high contrast single mode coupling fibers
- Networks
- Enabling ultra-high bit rate transmission with CFBG as dispersion compensator in an OptiSpan 240 km DWDM network
- Performance and energy efficiency enhancement of existing optical communication systems by incorporating resource allocation on demand technique in FiWi networks
- A fiber-wireless integration approach in WDM-PON architecture, boosted with polarization multiplexing and optical frequency comb source
- Optimizing Fi-Wi network performance through advanced multiplexing techniques: a comparative analysis for enhanced quality metrics
- Synergizing intelligent signal processing with wavelength-division multiplexing for enhanced efficiency and speed in photonic network communications
- Systems
- Simulation design for Ro-FSO communications system by digital modulation schemes
- Implementing green optical waveform system using hybrid cognitive methods for QAM transmission scheme
- MZM–SOA based RoF system for 30-tuple millimeter-wave generation
- Hybrid optical-electronic compensation of fiber nonlinearity for long-haul coherent optical transmission
- High speed operation efficiency of doped light sources with the silica-doped fiber channel for extended optical fiber system reach
- Relative intensity noise management and thermal/shot noise control for high speed ultra high bandwidth fiber reach transmission performance
- Simulative analysis of carrier suppressed return to zero based symmetrical compensated optical link
- A combination of DST precoder and ICF based-methods for PAPR suppression in OFDM signal
- Evaluating the effectiveness of various diversity and combining techniques on an RF-FSO link
- Comparative study of DCT-and DHT-based OFDM systems over doubly dispersive fading channels
- Design and performance of WDM system for high-speed optical communication on different modulation formats
- Transmission of data rate by radio over free space optical communications system under turbulence conditions
- Implementation of companding scheme for performance enhancement of optical OFDM structure
- Theory
- High thermal stability and high-performance efficiency capability of light sources–based rate equation models in optical fiber transmission systems
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Amplifiers
- Detailed scrutiny of FWM in holmium-doped fiber amplifier (HOFA) in WDM systems
- A double clad ASE Re-injected hybrid TDFA and HDFA amplifier with ±1.44 dB GF
- Detectors
- Performance parameters estimation of high speed Silicon/Germanium/InGaAsP avalanche photodiodes wide bandwidth capability in ultra high speed optical communication system
- Devices
- Performance study of microwave photonic links by considering the effect of phase shifters and bias conditions on dual-drive dual parallel Mach–Zehnder modulator
- Fibers
- High birefringence low loss nearly zero flat dispersion similar to slotted core photonic crystal fibers
- Comparative analysis of high index core micro structured optical fibers (HIMSOF) and hollow core band gap fibers (HCBGF) performance efficiency in fiber communication system
- Management of lateral misalignment loss and total insertion loss with beam waist control in high contrast single mode coupling fibers
- Networks
- Enabling ultra-high bit rate transmission with CFBG as dispersion compensator in an OptiSpan 240 km DWDM network
- Performance and energy efficiency enhancement of existing optical communication systems by incorporating resource allocation on demand technique in FiWi networks
- A fiber-wireless integration approach in WDM-PON architecture, boosted with polarization multiplexing and optical frequency comb source
- Optimizing Fi-Wi network performance through advanced multiplexing techniques: a comparative analysis for enhanced quality metrics
- Synergizing intelligent signal processing with wavelength-division multiplexing for enhanced efficiency and speed in photonic network communications
- Systems
- Simulation design for Ro-FSO communications system by digital modulation schemes
- Implementing green optical waveform system using hybrid cognitive methods for QAM transmission scheme
- MZM–SOA based RoF system for 30-tuple millimeter-wave generation
- Hybrid optical-electronic compensation of fiber nonlinearity for long-haul coherent optical transmission
- High speed operation efficiency of doped light sources with the silica-doped fiber channel for extended optical fiber system reach
- Relative intensity noise management and thermal/shot noise control for high speed ultra high bandwidth fiber reach transmission performance
- Simulative analysis of carrier suppressed return to zero based symmetrical compensated optical link
- A combination of DST precoder and ICF based-methods for PAPR suppression in OFDM signal
- Evaluating the effectiveness of various diversity and combining techniques on an RF-FSO link
- Comparative study of DCT-and DHT-based OFDM systems over doubly dispersive fading channels
- Design and performance of WDM system for high-speed optical communication on different modulation formats
- Transmission of data rate by radio over free space optical communications system under turbulence conditions
- Implementation of companding scheme for performance enhancement of optical OFDM structure
- Theory
- High thermal stability and high-performance efficiency capability of light sources–based rate equation models in optical fiber transmission systems