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Evaluating the effectiveness of various diversity and combining techniques on an RF-FSO link

  • Hardik Joshi EMAIL logo and Shilpi Gupta
Published/Copyright: August 1, 2024
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Journal of Optical Communications
From the journal Journal of Optical Communications Volume 46 Issue 3

Abstract

Diversity and combining is one of the robust techniques to mitigate multi-path fading in RF links and turbulence-induced scintillation in FSO links. This article evaluates the effect of different diversity and combining techniques on outage and BER performance of decode and forward RF-FSO link. We have utilized diversity and combining techniques over source to relay RF link and/or relay to destination FSO link. The selection combining, transmit antenna selection, maximal ratio combining, and maximum ratio transmission schemes are considered. The Monte-Carlo simulation results of outage probability and bit error rate are compared by considering different parameters affecting link quality like the strength of atmospheric turbulence, pointing error, FSO link detection scheme, RF link fading strength, diversity order, etc. It is found that configurations like SIMO-SISO, MISO-SISO, SISO-SIMO, and SISO-MISO, where diversity is applied in either source to relay link or relay to destination link, are improving the overall link performance provided that diversity is applied at the link experiencing stronger fading compared to another link. The link configurations SIMO-MISO or MISO-SIMO also improve the link performance and it can achieve BER of 10−5 at less than 15 dB SNR in favourable link conditions.

Keywords: free space optical communicatiion; RF-FSO; decode and forward; Malaga channel; Nakagami-m; bit error rate; diversity and combining techniques
Corresponding author: Hardik Joshi, Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, Institute of Technology, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India, E-mail:

  1. Research ethics: Not applicable.

  2. Author contributions: The author(s) have (has) accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission. HJ and SG conceived of the presented idea. HJ performed the analysis and simulations. SG encouraged HJ to investigate and supervised the findings of this work. All authors discussed the results and contributed to the final manuscript.

  3. Competing interests: The author(s) state(s) no conflict of interest.

  4. Research funding: None declared.

  5. Data availability: Not applicable.

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Received: 2024-03-23
Accepted: 2024-06-30
Published Online: 2024-08-01
Published in Print: 2025-07-28

© 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Amplifiers
  3. Detailed scrutiny of FWM in holmium-doped fiber amplifier (HOFA) in WDM systems
  4. A double clad ASE Re-injected hybrid TDFA and HDFA amplifier with ±1.44 dB GF
  5. Detectors
  6. Performance parameters estimation of high speed Silicon/Germanium/InGaAsP avalanche photodiodes wide bandwidth capability in ultra high speed optical communication system
  7. Devices
  8. Performance study of microwave photonic links by considering the effect of phase shifters and bias conditions on dual-drive dual parallel Mach–Zehnder modulator
  9. Fibers
  10. High birefringence low loss nearly zero flat dispersion similar to slotted core photonic crystal fibers
  11. Comparative analysis of high index core micro structured optical fibers (HIMSOF) and hollow core band gap fibers (HCBGF) performance efficiency in fiber communication system
  12. Management of lateral misalignment loss and total insertion loss with beam waist control in high contrast single mode coupling fibers
  13. Networks
  14. Enabling ultra-high bit rate transmission with CFBG as dispersion compensator in an OptiSpan 240 km DWDM network
  15. Performance and energy efficiency enhancement of existing optical communication systems by incorporating resource allocation on demand technique in FiWi networks
  16. A fiber-wireless integration approach in WDM-PON architecture, boosted with polarization multiplexing and optical frequency comb source
  17. Optimizing Fi-Wi network performance through advanced multiplexing techniques: a comparative analysis for enhanced quality metrics
  18. Synergizing intelligent signal processing with wavelength-division multiplexing for enhanced efficiency and speed in photonic network communications
  19. Systems
  20. Simulation design for Ro-FSO communications system by digital modulation schemes
  21. Implementing green optical waveform system using hybrid cognitive methods for QAM transmission scheme
  22. MZM–SOA based RoF system for 30-tuple millimeter-wave generation
  23. Hybrid optical-electronic compensation of fiber nonlinearity for long-haul coherent optical transmission
  24. High speed operation efficiency of doped light sources with the silica-doped fiber channel for extended optical fiber system reach
  25. Relative intensity noise management and thermal/shot noise control for high speed ultra high bandwidth fiber reach transmission performance
  26. Simulative analysis of carrier suppressed return to zero based symmetrical compensated optical link
  27. A combination of DST precoder and ICF based-methods for PAPR suppression in OFDM signal
  28. Evaluating the effectiveness of various diversity and combining techniques on an RF-FSO link
  29. Comparative study of DCT-and DHT-based OFDM systems over doubly dispersive fading channels
  30. Design and performance of WDM system for high-speed optical communication on different modulation formats
  31. Transmission of data rate by radio over free space optical communications system under turbulence conditions
  32. Implementation of companding scheme for performance enhancement of optical OFDM structure
  33. Theory
  34. High thermal stability and high-performance efficiency capability of light sources–based rate equation models in optical fiber transmission systems
https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2024-0088
Keywords for this article
free space optical communicatiion; RF-FSO; decode and forward; Malaga channel; Nakagami-m; bit error rate; diversity and combining techniques

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Amplifiers
  3. Detailed scrutiny of FWM in holmium-doped fiber amplifier (HOFA) in WDM systems
  4. A double clad ASE Re-injected hybrid TDFA and HDFA amplifier with ±1.44 dB GF
  5. Detectors
  6. Performance parameters estimation of high speed Silicon/Germanium/InGaAsP avalanche photodiodes wide bandwidth capability in ultra high speed optical communication system
  7. Devices
  8. Performance study of microwave photonic links by considering the effect of phase shifters and bias conditions on dual-drive dual parallel Mach–Zehnder modulator
  9. Fibers
  10. High birefringence low loss nearly zero flat dispersion similar to slotted core photonic crystal fibers
  11. Comparative analysis of high index core micro structured optical fibers (HIMSOF) and hollow core band gap fibers (HCBGF) performance efficiency in fiber communication system
  12. Management of lateral misalignment loss and total insertion loss with beam waist control in high contrast single mode coupling fibers
  13. Networks
  14. Enabling ultra-high bit rate transmission with CFBG as dispersion compensator in an OptiSpan 240 km DWDM network
  15. Performance and energy efficiency enhancement of existing optical communication systems by incorporating resource allocation on demand technique in FiWi networks
  16. A fiber-wireless integration approach in WDM-PON architecture, boosted with polarization multiplexing and optical frequency comb source
  17. Optimizing Fi-Wi network performance through advanced multiplexing techniques: a comparative analysis for enhanced quality metrics
  18. Synergizing intelligent signal processing with wavelength-division multiplexing for enhanced efficiency and speed in photonic network communications
  19. Systems
  20. Simulation design for Ro-FSO communications system by digital modulation schemes
  21. Implementing green optical waveform system using hybrid cognitive methods for QAM transmission scheme
  22. MZM–SOA based RoF system for 30-tuple millimeter-wave generation
  23. Hybrid optical-electronic compensation of fiber nonlinearity for long-haul coherent optical transmission
  24. High speed operation efficiency of doped light sources with the silica-doped fiber channel for extended optical fiber system reach
  25. Relative intensity noise management and thermal/shot noise control for high speed ultra high bandwidth fiber reach transmission performance
  26. Simulative analysis of carrier suppressed return to zero based symmetrical compensated optical link
  27. A combination of DST precoder and ICF based-methods for PAPR suppression in OFDM signal
  28. Evaluating the effectiveness of various diversity and combining techniques on an RF-FSO link
  29. Comparative study of DCT-and DHT-based OFDM systems over doubly dispersive fading channels
  30. Design and performance of WDM system for high-speed optical communication on different modulation formats
  31. Transmission of data rate by radio over free space optical communications system under turbulence conditions
  32. Implementation of companding scheme for performance enhancement of optical OFDM structure
  33. Theory
  34. High thermal stability and high-performance efficiency capability of light sources–based rate equation models in optical fiber transmission systems
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