Levels of lead, aluminum, and zinc in occupationally exposed workers of North-Western India
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Preeti Singh
Abstract
Objectives
Metals including lead (Pb), aluminum (Al), and zinc (Zn) are widely used in factories such as welding, handicrafts, and paint. Occupational exposure to such metals causes a wide range of biological effects, depending upon the metal levels and duration of exposure. Accumulation of these metals may lead to several adverse health effects such as neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. The study aimed to evaluate Pb, Al, and Zn levels in occupationally exposed workers of North-Western India and create awareness about its toxicity and adverse outcomes.
Methods
The study included 120 factory workers (exposed) and 100 healthy controls (nonexposed); age ranged 18–78 years. Blood Pb and serum Al was estimated by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry and serum Zn was estimated by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (ICE 3000, Thermo Fisher Scientific).
Results
Results indicated significantly higher levels of Pb, Al, and Zn in the exposed than the nonexposed. No significant difference was observed in metal levels, based on age and duration of exposure. Painters showed higher blood Pb, whereas welders were found to have higher serum Al and Zn levels.
Conclusions
To conclude, workers showed higher levels of metals and it may cause deleterious effects on the health of workers occupationally exposed to these metals. Appropriate maintenance regarding worker’s safety and hygiene is required to protect them from the harmful effects of these toxic metals.
Funding source: All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur
Acknowledgments
N/A.
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Research funding: Institutional support, All India Institute of medical sciences Jodhpur
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Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
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Competing interests: No conflict of interest.
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Informed consent: Informed consent was obtained from all individuals included in this study.
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Ethical approval: Ethical approval was obtained from ethical committee of All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur.
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© 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Reviews
- Use of cannabinoids for the treatment of patients with post-traumatic stress disorder
- Traditional knowledge to clinical trials: a review on nutritional and therapeutic potential of Pithecellobium dulce
- Original Articles
- Protective role of protocatechuic acid in carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress via modulation of proinflammatory cytokines levels in brain and liver of Wistar rats
- Association of glycaemic status and outcomes in diabetic foot problems: a retrospective evidence from South India
- Piperine protects oxidative modifications in human erythrocytes
- Effects of Artemisia supplementation on anorexia in hemodialysis patients: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial
- A tablet derived from Andrographis paniculata complements dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine treatment of malaria in pregnant mice
- Role of interleukin-2 and interleukin-18 in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus
- Levels of lead, aluminum, and zinc in occupationally exposed workers of North-Western India
- Gonadotropin levels reduced in seven days immobilization stress-induced depressive-like behavior in female rats
- Comparative effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers on pulmonary function in hypertensive patients
- Carvedilol improves heart rate variability indices, biomarkers but not cardiac nerve density in streptozotocin-induced T2DM model of diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Reviews
- Use of cannabinoids for the treatment of patients with post-traumatic stress disorder
- Traditional knowledge to clinical trials: a review on nutritional and therapeutic potential of Pithecellobium dulce
- Original Articles
- Protective role of protocatechuic acid in carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress via modulation of proinflammatory cytokines levels in brain and liver of Wistar rats
- Association of glycaemic status and outcomes in diabetic foot problems: a retrospective evidence from South India
- Piperine protects oxidative modifications in human erythrocytes
- Effects of Artemisia supplementation on anorexia in hemodialysis patients: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial
- A tablet derived from Andrographis paniculata complements dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine treatment of malaria in pregnant mice
- Role of interleukin-2 and interleukin-18 in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus
- Levels of lead, aluminum, and zinc in occupationally exposed workers of North-Western India
- Gonadotropin levels reduced in seven days immobilization stress-induced depressive-like behavior in female rats
- Comparative effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers on pulmonary function in hypertensive patients
- Carvedilol improves heart rate variability indices, biomarkers but not cardiac nerve density in streptozotocin-induced T2DM model of diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy
