Nephroprotective effect of β-sitosterol on N-diethylnitrosamine initiated and ferric nitrilotriacetate promoted acute nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats

Ramalingam Sharmila; Ganapathy Sindhu; Pushpam Marie Arockianathan

doi:10.1515/jbcpp-2015-0085

Article

Nephroprotective effect of β-sitosterol on N-diethylnitrosamine initiated and ferric nitrilotriacetate promoted acute nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats

Ramalingam Sharmila , Ganapathy Sindhu and Pushpam Marie Arockianathan

Published/Copyright: March 16, 2016

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From the journal Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology Volume 27 Issue 5

Abstract

Background:

The most abundant plant sterol β-sitosterol is widely used for treating heart diseases and chronic inflammatory conditions. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the nephroprotective effect of β-sitosterol against nephrotoxicants which were studied using renal function markers, antioxidant and lipid peroxidation status, and inflammatory markers.

Methods:

Male albino Wistar rats were randomly grouped into four: group 1 was vehicle control rats (0.1% carboxymethyl cellulose [CMC]); group 2 was rats treated with N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN) (200 mg/kg body weight [bw] i.p. on the 15th day) and ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA) (9 mg/kg bw i.p. on 30th and 32nd days); group 3 was rats that received β-sitosterol (20 mg/kg bw in 0.1% CMC, p.o. for 32 days) 2 weeks prior to the exposure to the nephrotoxicant; and group 4 was rats that received β-sitosterol alone. The experiment was terminated after the 24 h of last dosage of Fe-NTA, and all the animals were sacrificed. The blood, liver and kidney from each group were analyzed for biochemical, molecular and histological changes.

Results:

All the parameters showed significant changes in DEN and Fe-NTA treated animals, whereas β-sitosterol pretreated animals’ altered biochemical parameters were restored to near normal. Histopathological and immunoexpression studies on tissues also corroborate the biochemical endpoints.

Conclusions:

Administration of β-sitosterol to nephrotoxicity induced rats showed significant positive changes in biochemical parameters, histopathological and immunohistochemical observations, and up-regulation of Nrf2 gene expression. From this, it was clear that β-sitosterol showed renal protective function.

Keywords: antioxidants; inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS); lipid peroxidation; Nrf2; renal function; β-sitosterol

Corresponding author: Dr. Ganapathy Sindhu, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608002, Tamilnadu, India, Phone: +91 9788083335, Fax: +04144 238 141

Acknowledgments

The author(s) sincerely thank Indian Council of Medical Research, India, for providing financial support for this research project, in the form of Senior Research Fellowship (ICMR-SRF/17190-2013) to Ms. R. Sharmila.

Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
Research funding: None declared.
Employment or leadership: None declared.
Honorarium: None declared.
Competing interests: The funding organization(s) played no role in the study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the report for publication.

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Received: 2015-7-29

Accepted: 2016-1-9

Published Online: 2016-3-16

Published in Print: 2016-9-1

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Articles in the same Issue

https://doi.org/10.1515/jbcpp-2015-0085

Keywords for this article

antioxidants; inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS); lipid peroxidation; Nrf2; renal function; β-sitosterol