Toughened poly(butylene succinate)/polylactide/poly(vinyl acetate) ternary blend without sacrificing the strength
-
Wei Miao
,
Shanhong Xu
Abstract
In this paper, poly(butylene succinate) (PBS)/polylactide (PLA)/poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) ternary blends were prepared via directly blending. The content of PBS in each sample was fixed at 30 wt% and that of PVAc was different, 2, 4 or 6%. PBS/PLA (30/70, g/g) and PLA/PVAc (66/4, g/g) were also prepared for comparison. XRD and DSC results showed that PVAc was miscible with PLA, and the crystallinity (X c ) of PLA in PBS/PLA increased by adding PBS, but X c of PBS and PLA in PBS/PLA/PVAc ternary blends reduced by adding PVAc. SEM images showed that PBS was dispersed as droplets in each blend The addition of PVAc improved the compatibility between PBS and PLA, and the fracture surfaces of the ternary blends became rougher than that of PBS/PLA. The tensile and impact tests results showed that PVAc could enhance PLA and the highly toughened PBS/PLA blend. Finally, PBS/PLA/PVAc blend with 2% of PVAc was highly toughened without sacrificing its strength. Its strength was the same as that of PBS/PLA, while the elongation at break and impact strength of the former were 2.8 and 2.5 times those of the latter.
Funding source: Natural Science Project of Henan Science and Technology Department
Award Identifier / Grant number: 172102210228
Funding source: National Natural Science Foundation of China
Award Identifier / Grant number: 32000388
-
Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
-
Research funding: This work was supported by the Natural Science Project of Henan Science and Technology Department [172102210228] and the National Natural Science Foundation of China [32000388].
-
Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.
-
Data availability: The raw data required to reproduce these findings are available upon request.
References
Bhatia, A., Gupta, R.K., Bhaftacharya, S.N., and Choi, H.J. (2007). Compatibility of biodegradable poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) blends for packaging application. Korea-Aust Rheol J. 19: 125–131.Suche in Google Scholar
Cock, F., Cuadri, A.A., Garcia-Morales, M., and Partal, P. (2013). Thermal, rheological and microstructural characterisation of commercial biodegradable polyesters. Polym. Test. 32: 716–723, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2013.03.015.Suche in Google Scholar
Eom, Y., Choi, B., and Park, S.I. (2019). A study on mechanical and thermal properties of PLA/PEO blends. J. Polym. Environ. 27: 256–262, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-018-1344-y.Suche in Google Scholar
Fenni, S.E. Wang, J. Haddaoui, N. Favis, B.D. Muller, A.J. and Cavallo, D. (2019). Crystallization and self-nucleation of PLA, PBS and PCL in their immiscible binary and ternary blends. Thermochim. Acta 677: 117–130, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2019.03.015.Suche in Google Scholar
Fortelny, I., Ujcic, A., Fambri, L., and Slouf, M. (2019). Phase structure, compatibility and toughness of PLA/PCL blends: a review. Front. Mater. 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2019.00206.Suche in Google Scholar
Hammami, I., Benhamou, K., Hammami, H., Soreto Teixeira, S., Arous, M., Kaddami, H., Graca, M.P.F., and Costa, L.C. (2020). Electrical, morphology and structural properties of biodegradable nanocomposite polyvinyl-acetate/cellulose nanocrystals. Mater. Chem. Phys. 240: 122182, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2019.122182.Suche in Google Scholar
Harada, M., Ohya, T., Iida, K., Hayashi, H., Hirano, K., and Fukudal, H. (2007). Increased impact strength of biodegradable poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene succinate) blend composites by using isocyanate as a reactive processing agent. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 106: 1813–1820, https://doi.org/10.1002/app.26717.Suche in Google Scholar
Huang, T., Yang, J.H., Zhang, N., Zhang, J.H., and Wang, Y. (2018). Crystallization of poly(L-lactide) in the miscible poly(L-lactide)/poly(vinyl acetate) blend induced by carbon nanotubes. Polym. Bull. 75: 2641–2655.10.1007/s00289-017-2171-3Suche in Google Scholar
Kale, G., Kijchavengkul, T., Auras, R., Rubino, M., Selke, S.E., and Singh, S.P. (2007). Compostability of bioplastic packaging materials: an overview. Macromol. Biosci. 7: 255–277, https://doi.org/10.1002/mabi.200600168.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
Khalili, R., Jafari, S.H., Saeb, M.R., Khonakdar, H.A., Wagenknecht, U., and Heinrich, G. (2014). Toward in situ compatibilization of polyolefin ternary blends through morphological manipulations. Macromol. Mater. Eng. 299: 1197–1212.10.1002/mame.201300452Suche in Google Scholar
Li, Y., Lei, Y.T., Yao, S.L., Han, C.Y., Yu, Y.C., and Xiao, L.G. (2020a). Miscibility, crystallization, rheological and mechanical properties of biodegradable poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate)/poly(vinyl acetate) blends. Thermochim. Acta 693. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2020.178755.Suche in Google Scholar
Li, Y., Zhao, L.J., Han, C.Y., and Yu, Y.C. (2020b). Biodegradable blends of poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) and stereocomplex polylactide with enhanced rheological, mechanical properties and thermal resistance. Colloid Polym. Sci. 298: 463–475, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00396-020-04636-1.Suche in Google Scholar
Li, Y., Yao, S.N., Han, C.Y., Yu, Y.C., and Xiao, L.G. (2021). Ternary blends from biological poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxyvalerate), poly(L-lactic acid), and poly (vinyl acetate) with balanced properties. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 181: 60–71, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.127.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
Liu, G.M., Zheng, L.C., Zhang, X.Q., Li, C.C., Jiang, S.C., and Wang, D.J. (2012). Reversible lamellar thickening induced by crystal transition in poly(butylene succinate). Macromolecules 45: 5487–5493, https://doi.org/10.1021/ma300530a.Suche in Google Scholar
Luyt, A.S. and Gasmi, S. (2016). Influence of blending and blend morphology on the thermal properties and crystallization behaviour of PLA and PCL in PLA/PCL blends. J. Mater. Sci. 51: 4670–4681, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-016-9784-z.Suche in Google Scholar
Mohapatra, A.K., Mohanty, S., and Nayak, S.K. (2014). Effect of PEG on PLA/PEG blend and its nanocomposites: a study of thermo-mechanical and morphological characterization. Polym. Compos. 35: 283–293, https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.22660.Suche in Google Scholar
Monika Pal, A.K., Bhasney, S.M., Bhagabati, P., and Katiyar, V. (2018). Effect of dicumyl peroxide on a poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/poly(butylene succinate) (PBS)/Functionalized chitosan-based nanobiocomposite for packaging: a reactive extrusion study. ACS Omega 3: 13298–13312, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.8b00907.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Nair, L.S. and Laurencin, C.T. (2007). Biodegradable polymers as biomaterials. Prog. Polym. Sci. 32: 762–798, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2007.05.017.Suche in Google Scholar
Ojijo, V., Ray, S.S., and Sadiku, R. (2012). Role of specific interfacial area in controlling properties of immiscible blends of biodegradable polylactide and poly[(butylene succinate)-co-adipate]. ACS Appl. Mater. Int. 4: 6689–6700, https://doi.org/10.1021/am301842e.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
Somsunan, R., Noppakoon, S., and Punyodom, W. (2019). Effect of G40 plasticizer on the properties of ternary blends of biodegradable PLA/PBS/G40. J. Polym. Res. 26: 92, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-019-1748-y.Suche in Google Scholar
Srimalanon, P., Prapagdee, B., Markpin, T., and Sombatsompop, N. (2018). Effects of DCP as a free radical producer and HPQM as a biocide on the mechanical properties and antibacterial performance of in situ compatibilized PBS/PLA blends. Polym. Test. 67: 331–341, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2018.03.017.Suche in Google Scholar
Su, S., Kopitzky, R., Tolga, S., and Kabasci, S. (2019). Polylactide (PLA) and its blends with poly(butylene succinate) (PBS): a brief review. Polymers 11: 1193, https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11071193.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Supthanyakul, R., Kaabbuathong, N., and Chirachanchai, S. (2016). Random poly(butylene succinate-co-lactic acid) as a multi-functional additive for miscibility, toughness, and clarity of PLA/PBS blends. Polymer 105: 1–9, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2016.10.006.Suche in Google Scholar
Suwanamornlert, P. (2021). Poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene-succinate-co-adipate) (PLA/PBSA) blend films containing thymol as alternative to synthetic preservatives for active packaging of bread. Food Packag. Shelf Life 25: 100515, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fpsl.2020.100515.Suche in Google Scholar
Valor, D., Montes, A., Cozar, A., Pereyra, C., and de la Ossa, E.M. (2022). Development of porous polyvinyl acetate/polypyrrole/gallic acid scaffolds using supercritical CO2 as tissue regenerative agents. Polymers 14: 672, https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14040672.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Yokohara, T., Okamoto, K., and Yamaguchi, M. (2010). Effect of the shape of dispersed particles on the thermal and mechanical properties of biomass polymer blends composed of poly(L-lactide) and poly(butylene succinate). J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 117: 2226–2232, https://doi.org/10.1002/app.31959.Suche in Google Scholar
Zhang, K.Y., Mohanty, A.K., and Misra, M. (2012). Fully biodegradable and biorenewable ternary blends from polylactide, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) and poly(butylene succinate) with balanced properties. ACS Appl. Mater. Int. 4: 3091–3101, https://doi.org/10.1021/am3004522.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
Zhang, B., Sun, B., Bian, X.C., Li, G., and Chen, X.S. (2017). High melt strength and high toughness PLLA/PBS blends by copolymerization and in situ reactive compatibilization. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 56: 52–62, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.6b03151.Suche in Google Scholar
Zhang, W., Xu, Y., Wang, P.L., Hong, J., Liu, J., Ji, J.H., and Chu, P.K. (2018). Copolymer P(BS-co-LA) enhanced compatibility of PBS/PLA composite. J. Polym. Environ. 26: 3060–3068, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-018-1180-0.Suche in Google Scholar
Zhang, N.N., Liu, P.S., Yi, Y.B., Gibril, M.E., Wang, S.J., and Kong, F.G. (2021). Application of polyvinyl acetate/lignin copolymer as bio-based coating material and its effects on paper properties. Coatings 11: 192, https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11020192.Suche in Google Scholar
© 2022 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Review Articles
- Electron beam processing of rubbers and their composites
- A review on graphene/rubber nanocomposites
- Recent advances on melt-spun fibers from biodegradable polymers and their composites
- Research Articles
- Toughened poly(butylene succinate)/polylactide/poly(vinyl acetate) ternary blend without sacrificing the strength
- Investigation on the sealing performance of polymers at ultra high pressures
- Effect mechanism of acidification and vulcanization on SBS-modified asphalt
- Effects of blending poly(lactic acid) and thermoplastic polyester polyurethanes on the mechanical and adhesive properties in two-component injection molding
- Mechanical and morphological characterization of sisal/kenaf/pineapple mat reinforced hybrid composites
- News
- PPS News
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Review Articles
- Electron beam processing of rubbers and their composites
- A review on graphene/rubber nanocomposites
- Recent advances on melt-spun fibers from biodegradable polymers and their composites
- Research Articles
- Toughened poly(butylene succinate)/polylactide/poly(vinyl acetate) ternary blend without sacrificing the strength
- Investigation on the sealing performance of polymers at ultra high pressures
- Effect mechanism of acidification and vulcanization on SBS-modified asphalt
- Effects of blending poly(lactic acid) and thermoplastic polyester polyurethanes on the mechanical and adhesive properties in two-component injection molding
- Mechanical and morphological characterization of sisal/kenaf/pineapple mat reinforced hybrid composites
- News
- PPS News
