Abstract
The contribution discusses aspects of the language of Czech Jewry residing in Prague during the Přemyslid reign. The author shows that their vernacular was basically identical with contemporary Prague Czech. The corpus of Canaanite, i.e., Slavic, especially Old Czech glosses in Hebrew script is remarkable for its orthography, phonology, lexicology and grammar. The author discusses the linguistic situation with respect to multilingualism, Slavic interpretation of the glosses, their functions and features and several sociolinguistic aspects such as archaisation, place names in communication and name giving.
Appendix: Abbreviations
OZ I, II – Isaac ben Moses. 1862. Or zaruaʿ I‒II. Zhitomir: Spira.
OZ III, IV – Isaac ben Moses. 1887‒1890. Or zaruaʿ III‒IV. Jerusalem: Hayim Hirschensohn.
References
Altbauer, Mosze. 2002 [1972]. Achievements and tasks in the field of Jewish-Slavic language contact studies. In Mosze Altbauer (eds.), Wzajemne wpływy polsko-żydowskie w dzedzinie językowej [Mutual influences of Poles and Jews in language], 29–42. Kraków: nakładem Polskiej akademii umiejętności.Suche in Google Scholar
Aslanov, Cyril. 2013. Kna’anim vs. Ashkenzaim: From difference to convergence. In Ondřej Bláha, Robert Dittmann & Lenka Uličná (eds.), Knaanic language: structure and historical background. Proceedings of a conference held in Prague on October 25‒26, 2012, 11‒29. Prague: Academia.Suche in Google Scholar
Balhar, Jan, Jarmila Bachmannová, Libuše Čižmárová, Karel Fic, Zuzana Hlubinková, Martina Ireinová, Stanislava Kloferová, Zina Komárková, Hana Konečná & Milena Šipková. 2005. Český jazykový atlas V [Czech language atlas V]. Prague: Academia.Suche in Google Scholar
Banitt, Menahem (ed.). 2005. Le Glossaire de Leipzig. Jérusalem: Académie nationale des sciences et des lettres dʼIsraël.Suche in Google Scholar
Beider, Alexander. 2009. Handbook of Ashkenazic given names and their variants. Bergenfield: Avotaynu.Suche in Google Scholar
Beider, Alexander. 2013. The Czech lands as the cradle of eastern Yiddish. In Ondřej Bláha, Robert Dittmann & Lenka Uličná (eds.), Knaanic language: structure and historical background. Proceedings of a conference held in Prague on October 25‒26, 2012, 30‒50. Prague: Academia.Suche in Google Scholar
Berger, Tilman. 2000. Nation und Sprache: das Tschechische und das Slovakische. In Andreas Gardt (ed.), Nation und Sprache. Die Diskussion ihres Verhältnisses in Geschichte und Gegenwart, 825‒864. Berlin & New York: de Gruyter.10.1515/9783110890600.825Suche in Google Scholar
Bláha, Ondřej, Robert Dittmann, Karel Komárek, Daniel Polakovič & Lenka Uličná. 2014. Roman Jakobsonʼs unpublished study on the language of Canaanite glosses. Jews and Slavs 24. 282‒318.Suche in Google Scholar
Blažek, Václav. 2005. Praha jazyková. Lingvistická archeologie pražské kotliny [Prague from a linguistic perspective. Linguistic archeology of the Prague basin]. In Blažek, Václav, Michal Bureš, Václav Cílek, Vladimír Čtverák, Eduard Droberjar, Michal Lutovský, Karel Sklenář, Lubor Smejtek, Miroslava Šmolíková, Jan Turek & Jiří Waldhauser, Pravěká Praha [Ancient Prague], 946–973. Prague: Libri.Suche in Google Scholar
Blumenkranz, Bernhard. 2007 [1963]. Les auters chrétiens latins du Moyen Âge sur les juifs et le judaïsme. Paris & Louvain: Peeters.Suche in Google Scholar
Börner-Klein, Dagmar & Beat Zuber (eds.). 2010. Josippon. Jüdische Geschichte vom Anfang der Welt bis zum Ende des ersten Aufstands gegen Rom. Wiesbaden: Marixverlag.Suche in Google Scholar
Dittmann, Robert. 2012. K významu raných česko-židovských jazykových kontaktů pro diachronní bohemistiku [On the importance of early Czech-Jewish language contacts for diachronic Czech studies]. Listy filologické [Philology Papers] 135(3‒4). 259‒285.Suche in Google Scholar
Dittmann, Robert & Ondřej Bláha. 2013. The lexicological contribution of Abraham ben Azriel and Isaac ben Moses to Old Czech. In Ondřej Bláha, Robert Dittmann & Lenka Uličná (eds.), Knaanic language: structure and historical background. Proceedings of a conference held in Prague on October 25‒26, 2012, 66‒91. Prague: Academia.Suche in Google Scholar
Emanuel, Simcha. 2013. The manuscripts of Rabbi Isaac ben Moses of Vienna’s Or Zarua. http://www.misrachi.at/index.php/geschichte/geschichte-der-juden-in-wien/82-handschriften-und-drucke-des-or-sarua (accessed 20 November 2013).Suche in Google Scholar
Gebauer, Jan. 1963 [1894]. Historická mluvnice jazyka českého. Díl I. Hláskosloví [Historical grammar of the Czech language. Vol. 1. Phonetics]. Prague: NČSAV.Suche in Google Scholar
Gumowski, Marian. 1975. Hebräische Münzen im mittelalterlichen Polen. Graz: Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt.Suche in Google Scholar
Havránek, Bohuslav, František Ryšánek, Jiří Daňhelka, Jiří Cejnar, Emanuel Michálek, Milada Nedvědová, Igor Němec & Zdeněk Tyl (eds.), Staročeský slovník [Old Czech dictionary]. 1968‒2008. Prague: Academia.Suche in Google Scholar
Hosák, Ladislav & Rudolf Šrámek. 1970. Místní jména na Moravě a ve Slezsku I. A-L. [Place names in Moravia and Silesia I. A‒L]. Prague: Academia.Suche in Google Scholar
Jakobson, Roman. 1957. Řeč a písemnictví českých židů v době přemyslovské [Speech and literature of Czech Jews in the Přemyslid era]. In Ladislav Matějka (ed.), Kulturní sborník ROK [Cultural volume ROK], 35‒46. New York: Moravian library.Suche in Google Scholar
Jakobson, Roman & Morris Halle. 1985 [1964]. The term Canaan in medieval Hebrew. In Roman Jakobson, Selected writings VI. Early Slavic paths and crossroads. Part two. Medieval Slavic studies, 858‒886. Berlin, New York & Amsterdam: Mouton.10.1515/9783110863901.858Suche in Google Scholar
Kestenberg-Gladstein, Ruth. 1966. The Early Jewish Settlement in Central and Eastern Europe: Bohemia. In Cecil Roth (ed.), The World history of the Jewish people, Ser. II. Medieval period, 309‒312. London: W. H. Allen.Suche in Google Scholar
Kiwitt, Marc. 2012. Hébreu, Français, et ‹‹Judéo-Français›› dans les commentaires bibliques des pašṭanim. In Marie-Sophie Masse & Anne-Pascale Pouey-Mounou (eds.), Langue de lʼautre, langue de lʼauteur. Affirmation dʼune identité linguistique et littéraire aux XIIe et XVIe siècles, 137‒154. Genève: Droz.Suche in Google Scholar
Kiwitt, Marc. 2014. The problem of Judeo-French between language dynamics and cultural dynamics. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 226. 25‒56.10.1515/ijsl-2013-0074Suche in Google Scholar
Kulik, Alexander. 2014. Jews and the language of eastern Slavs. Jewish quarterly review 104(1). 105‒144.10.1353/jqr.2014.0002Suche in Google Scholar
Kupfer, Franciszek & Lewicki, Tadeusz. 1956. Źródła hebrajskie do dziejów Słowian i niektórych innych ludów środkowej i wschodniej Europy [Hebrew sources for history of Slavs and some other nations in central and eastern Europe]. Wrocław & Warszawa: Zakład imienia Ossolińskich, Wydawnictwo Polskiej akademii nauk.Suche in Google Scholar
Lewicki, Tadeusz. 1961. Les sources hébraïques consacrées a ľhistoire de ľEurope centrale et orientale et particulièrement a celle des pays Slaves de la fin du IXe au milieu du XIIIe siècle. Cahiers du monde russe et sovétique 2. 228‒241.10.3406/cmr.1961.1466Suche in Google Scholar
Mareš, František Václav. 2000. Hlaholice na Moravě a v Čechách [Glagolitic script in Moravia and Bohemia]. In Emilie Bláhová & Josef Vintr (eds.), František Václav Mareš, Cyrilometodějská tradice a slavistika [Cyrillo-Methodian tradition and Slavic studies], 61‒118. Prague: Torst.Suche in Google Scholar
Měřínský, Zdeněk. 2009. České země od příchodu Slovanů po Velkou Moravu I [Czech lands from arrival of Slavs to Great Moravia I]. Prague: Libri.Suche in Google Scholar
Moskovich, Wolf. 2013. From leshon Kna‛an to Yiddish: Some case studies. In Ondřej Bláha, Robert Dittmann & Lenka Uličná (eds.), Knaanic language: structure and historical background. Proceedings of a conference held in Prague on October 25‒26, 2012, 191‒199. Prague: Academia.Suche in Google Scholar
Muneles, Otto. 1966. Zur Namengebung der Juden in Böhmen. Judaica Bohemiae 2. 3‒13.Suche in Google Scholar
Pěkný, Tomáš. 2001. Historie Židů v Čechách a na Moravě [History of Jews in Bohemia and Moravia]. Prague: Sefer.Suche in Google Scholar
Pleskalová, Jana. 1998. Tvoření nejstarších českých osobních jmen [Word-formation of the oldest Czech given names]. Brno: Masaryk University.Suche in Google Scholar
Pleskalová, Jana. 2011. Vývoj vlastních jmen osobních v českých zemích v letech 1000‒2010 [Development of given names in Czech lands from 1000 to 2010]. Brno: Host & Masaryk University.Suche in Google Scholar
Putík, Alexander. 1996. Notes on the name GBLYM in Hasdaiʼs letter to the Khaqan of Khazaria. In Petr Charvát & Jiří Prosecký (eds.), Ibrahim ibn Yacqub at‒Turtushi. Christianity, Islam and Judaism meet in East-Central Europe, c. 800‒1300 A.D. Proceedings of the international colloquy 25‒29 April 1994, 169‒175. Prague: Oriental Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences.Suche in Google Scholar
Reinhart, Johannes. 2000. Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Rekonstruktion des Urtschechischen. Wiener Slavistisches Jahrbuch 46. 165‒174.Suche in Google Scholar
Šaur, Vladimír. 1993. Od indoevropštiny k slezským nářečím [From Indo-European to Silesian dialects]. Opava, Czech Republic: Filozoficko-přírodovědecká fakulta SU.Suche in Google Scholar
Satz, Yitzchok (ed.). 1998. Seder ḥalitsah: ha-arokh ṿeha-ḳatsar/le-Rabenu Yaʻaḳov Margalit [Order of Chalitzah: long and short version/by Jacob Margolis]. Jerusalem: Mifʻal torat ḥakhme Ashkenaz, Mekhon Yerushalayim.Suche in Google Scholar
Šedinová, Jiřina. 1996. Life and language in Bohemia as reflected in the works of the Prague Jewish school in the 12th and 13th centuries. In Petr Charvát & Jiří Prosecký (eds.), Ibrahim ibn Yacqub at‒Turtushi. Christianity, Islam and Judaism meet in East-Central Europe, c. 800‒1300 A.D. Proceedings of the international colloquy 25‒29 April 1994, 207‒216. Prague: Oriental Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences.Suche in Google Scholar
Shapira, Dan. 2007. Notes on Early Jewish History in Eastern and Central Europe. Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi 15. 125‒157.Suche in Google Scholar
Shpitser, Shelomoh Y. (ed.). 1989. Sefer Maharil: minhagim [The book of Maharil: minhagim]. Jerusalem: Mifʻal torat ḥakhme Ashkenaz, Mekhon Yerushalayim.Suche in Google Scholar
Stein, Abraham. 1904. Die Geschichte der Juden in Böhmen. Brünn: Jüdischer Buch- und Kunstverlag, Max Hickl.Suche in Google Scholar
Svoboda, Jan. 1964. Staročeská osobní jména a naše příjmení [Old Czech given names and our surnames]. Prague: NČSAV.Suche in Google Scholar
Třeštík, Dušan. 2000. Veliké město Slovanů jménem Praha. Státy a otroci ve střední Evropě v 10. století [Great city of Slavs called Praha. States and slaves in central Europe in the 10th century]. In Luboš Polanský, Jiří Sláma & Dušan Třeštík (eds.), Přemyslovský stát kolem roku 1000. Na paměť knížete Boleslava II. [The Přemyslid state around 1000. To the memory of duke Boleslaus II], 49‒70. Prague: NLN.Suche in Google Scholar
Tykocinski, Hajim. 1909. Vorarbeiten zur ,Germania judaica‘. II. Monatsschrift für die Geschichte und Wissenschaft des Judentums 53(3). 344‒359.Suche in Google Scholar
Uličná, Lenka. 2011. Hlavní proudy středověkého (pre)aškenázského myšlení a tzv. pražská komentátorská škola. Hledání identity v podmínkách izolace a integrace [Main streams of medieval (pre-)ashkenazic thinking and the so-called Prague school of commentators. Searching for identity in conditions of isolation and integration]. In Šedinová, Jiřina, Daniel Boušek, Pavel Čech, Markéta Pnina Rubešová, Dita Rukriglová, Pavel Sládek & Lenka Uličná, Dialog myšlenkových proudů středověkého judaismu (mezi integrací a izolací) [Dialogue of currents of thought of medieval Judaism (between integration and isolation)], 268–331. Prague: Academia.Suche in Google Scholar
Vintr, Josef. 2005. Das Tschechische. Hauptzüge seiner Sprachstruktur in Gegenwart und Geschichte. München: Otto Sagner.Suche in Google Scholar
Volavková, Hana. 2002 [1947]. Zmizelá Praha 3. Židovské město pražské [Disappeared Prague 3. The Prague Jewish Town]. Prague & Litomyšl: Paseka.Suche in Google Scholar
Weinreich, Max. 2008 [1973]. History of the Yiddish language. New Haven & London: Yale University Press.Suche in Google Scholar
Wellesz, Julius. 1906. Über R. Isaak b. Mose’s ʽOr Saruaʼ. Jahrbuch des Jüdisch-Literarischen Gesellschaft 4. 75‒124.Suche in Google Scholar
Wexler, Paul. 1987. Explorations in Judeo-Slavic linguistics. Leiden: E. J. Brill.Suche in Google Scholar
Žemlička, Josef. 1997. Čechy v době knížecí (1034‒1198) [Bohemia in times of dukes (1034‒1198)]. Prague: NLN.Suche in Google Scholar
Žemlička, Josef. 2002. Počátky Čech královských 1198‒1253. Proměna státu a společnosti [Beginnings of Bohemia under kings 1198‒1253. Transformation of state and society]. Prague: NLN.Suche in Google Scholar
Žemlička, Josef. 2011. Přemysl Otakar II. Král na rozhraní věků [Přemysl Otakar II. The king at the boundary of ages]. Prague: NLN.Suche in Google Scholar
©2016 by De Gruyter Mouton
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Multilingualism and minorities in the Czech sociolinguistic space: introduction
- Part I: The Czech sociolinguistic space in the Czech Republic
- The Czech language of Jews in Přemyslid Bohemia of the eleventh to fourteenth century
- The Others in the Czech Republic: their image and their languages
- Romani in the Czech sociolinguistic space
- Czech Sign Language in contemporary Czech society
- Part II: The Czech sociolinguistic space abroad
- Texas Czech Legacy Project: documenting the past and present for the future
- Czech immigrant dialects in the Northern Caucasus and Western Siberia
- Czech language minority in the South-eastern Romanian Banat
- Transnationalism and language maintenance: Czech and Slovak as heritage languages in the Southeastern United States
- Book Review
- Patrick Studer and Iwar Werlen: Linguistic diversity in Europe: current trends and discourses
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Multilingualism and minorities in the Czech sociolinguistic space: introduction
- Part I: The Czech sociolinguistic space in the Czech Republic
- The Czech language of Jews in Přemyslid Bohemia of the eleventh to fourteenth century
- The Others in the Czech Republic: their image and their languages
- Romani in the Czech sociolinguistic space
- Czech Sign Language in contemporary Czech society
- Part II: The Czech sociolinguistic space abroad
- Texas Czech Legacy Project: documenting the past and present for the future
- Czech immigrant dialects in the Northern Caucasus and Western Siberia
- Czech language minority in the South-eastern Romanian Banat
- Transnationalism and language maintenance: Czech and Slovak as heritage languages in the Southeastern United States
- Book Review
- Patrick Studer and Iwar Werlen: Linguistic diversity in Europe: current trends and discourses