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Preparations and applications of organic conducting polymers/graphene composites in heavy metal ion sensing: a review

  • Ismaila Diédhiou , Balla Fall , Cheikh Gaye , Mohamed Lamine Sall , Abdou Karim Diagne Diaw , Diariatou Gningue-Sall , Modou Fall ORCID logo EMAIL logo and Noureddine Raouafi ORCID logo
Published/Copyright: January 25, 2023
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International Journal of Materials Research
From the journal International Journal of Materials Research Volume 114 Issue 2

Abstract

This review focuses on the trends and challenges, over the last ten years, in the development of electrochemical sensors based on organic conducting polymers and graphene composites for the determination of trace heavy metal ions in water. Some of these materials taken alone still have significant limitations for the selective and ultrasensitive detection of target species. Hence, it has become crucial to develop new composite materials able to overcome these limitations and to improve the sensitivity to heavy metal ions. The properties resulting from the combination of these two types of materials, which increased the electrochemical performance by offering many advantages such as improvement of catalytic activity and conductivity, fast electron transfer kinetics, large surface area and high sensitivity were reviewed. This review also presents in detail various methods (chemical, electrochemical and hydrothermal) used to prepare composites and characterization methods (spectroscopic, microscopic, electrochemical, etc.). The applications of these composites in electroanalysis of heavy metal ions have been discussed and summarized. Also, electrochemical detection methods, particularly those called “Anodic Stripping Voltammetry” have been explained and their uses in the detection of heavy metal ions in natural water have been highlighted, and the results provided.

Keywords: Composites; Electroanalysis; Graphene; Heavy metal ions; Modified electrodes; Organic conducting polymers
Corresponding author: Modou Fall, Laboratory of Organic Physical Chemistry and Environmental Analyses, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal, E-mail:

  1. Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.

  2. Research funding: The authors are grateful to the International Science Program (ISP), University of Uppsala (Sweden) under Grant to African Network of Electroanalytical Chemists [IPICS/ANEC] and to TWAS, The World Academy of Science for the Advancement of Science in developing countries under No. 16-499RG/CHE/AF/AC_G–FR3240293299.

  3. Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.

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Received: 2021-10-07
Accepted: 2022-09-20
Published Online: 2023-01-25
Published in Print: 2023-02-23

© 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Review
  3. Preparations and applications of organic conducting polymers/graphene composites in heavy metal ion sensing: a review
  4. Original Papers
  5. Complex dielectric, electric modulus, impedance, and optical conductivity of Sr3−x Pb x Fe2TeO9 (x = 1.50, 1.88 and 2.17)
  6. Complex permittivity and predominance of non-overlapping small-polaron tunneling conduction process in copper indium selenide compound
  7. Effect of Bacillus and Pseudomonas biofilms on the corrosion behavior of AISI 304 stainless steel
  8. Fabrication of magnesium oxide nanoparticles using Eucalyptus tereticornis seed extract and their characterisation
  9. Greener route for synthesis of cerium oxide and Fe-doped cerium oxide nanoparticles using acacia concinna fruit extract
  10. Phase equilibria of Ni–Al–Pd and Ni–Cr–Pd ternary systems and Ni–Al–Cr–Pd quaternary system at 1423 K
  11. Effect of grain size on oxidation behaviour of Ag-20Cu-30Cr alloys in 0.1 MPa pure O2 at 700 and 800 °C
  12. News
  13. DGM – Deutsche Gesellschaft für Materialkunde
https://doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-2021-8596
Keywords for this article
Composites; Electroanalysis; Graphene; Heavy metal ions; Modified electrodes; Organic conducting polymers

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Review
  3. Preparations and applications of organic conducting polymers/graphene composites in heavy metal ion sensing: a review
  4. Original Papers
  5. Complex dielectric, electric modulus, impedance, and optical conductivity of Sr3−x Pb x Fe2TeO9 (x = 1.50, 1.88 and 2.17)
  6. Complex permittivity and predominance of non-overlapping small-polaron tunneling conduction process in copper indium selenide compound
  7. Effect of Bacillus and Pseudomonas biofilms on the corrosion behavior of AISI 304 stainless steel
  8. Fabrication of magnesium oxide nanoparticles using Eucalyptus tereticornis seed extract and their characterisation
  9. Greener route for synthesis of cerium oxide and Fe-doped cerium oxide nanoparticles using acacia concinna fruit extract
  10. Phase equilibria of Ni–Al–Pd and Ni–Cr–Pd ternary systems and Ni–Al–Cr–Pd quaternary system at 1423 K
  11. Effect of grain size on oxidation behaviour of Ag-20Cu-30Cr alloys in 0.1 MPa pure O2 at 700 and 800 °C
  12. News
  13. DGM – Deutsche Gesellschaft für Materialkunde
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