Abstract
Mixtures of sesame cake (0–20%) and corn grits processed in a single-screw extruder to improve the nutritional value of corn-expanded extrudates. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to analyse the effect of screw speed (X1) and sesame cake level (X2) on the objective (radial expansion ratio (Y1), hardness (Y2), degree of gelatinization (Y3), and water solubility index (Y4)) attributes of a corn-based sesame cake extrudates. The optimum acceptable regions determined from subjective decision and previous studies by referred authors. Therefore, it assumed that radial expansion ratio should be more than 4, hardness should be less than 7.7 kgf, degree of gelatinization should be more than 69%, and water solubility index should be less than 2.9%. Individual contour plots of the different responses were overlaid, and regions meeting the optimum radial expansion ratio of 4.03, hardness of 7.51 (kgf), degree of gelatinization of 69.28(%), and water solubility index of 2.87 (%) were identified at the screw speed of 311 rpm and the sesame cake level of 16%, respectively.
Acknowledgement
Assistances from Mr. Ying-Da Chen for this study are greatly appreciated.
References
1. ArrielNH, AraujoAE, SoaresJJ, BeltrãoNE, FirminoPT. Cultivo do gergelim: sistemas de produção. Campina Grande: Embrapa Cotton, 2006.Suche in Google Scholar
2. RangkadilokN, PholphanaN, MahidolC, WongyaiW,SaengsooksreeK, NookabkaewS, et al. Variation of sesamin, sesamolin and tocopherols in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Seeds and oil products in Thailand. Food Chem2010;122:724–30.10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.03.044Suche in Google Scholar
3. CamireME, CamireA, KrumharK. Chemical and nutritional changes in foods during extrusion. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr1990;29:35–57.10.1080/10408399009527513Suche in Google Scholar
4. BouvierJM, BonnevilleR, GoullieuxA. Instrumental methods for the measurement of extrudate crispness. Agro Food Ind Hi Technol1997;8:16–19.Suche in Google Scholar
5. DingQB, AinsworthP, PlunkettA, TuckerG, MarsonH. The effect of extrusion conditions on the functional and physical properties of wheat-based expanded snacks. J Food Eng2006;73:142–8.10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2005.01.013Suche in Google Scholar
6. MillerR. Snack food extrusion. US Feed GRAINS COUNCIL published, 1993.Suche in Google Scholar
7. AltanA, McCarthyKL, MaskanM. Twin-screw extrusion of barley–grape pomace blends: extrudate characteristics and determination of optimum processing conditions. J Food Eng2008;89:24–32.10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2008.03.025Suche in Google Scholar
8. AltanA, McCarthyKL, MaskanM. Evaluation of snack foods from barley–tomato pomace blends by extrusion processing. J Food Eng2008;89:231–42.10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2007.05.014Suche in Google Scholar
9. Conti e SilvaAC, CruzRJ, ArêasJA. Influence of thermoplastic extrusion on the nutritive value of bovine rumen protein. Meat Sci2010;84:409–12.10.1016/j.meatsci.2009.09.009Suche in Google Scholar
10. StojceskaV, AinsworthP, PlunkettP, IbanogluE, IbanogluS. Cauliflower by-products as a new source of dietary fibre, antioxidants and proteins in cereal based ready-to-eat expanded snacks. J Food Eng2008;87:554–63.10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2008.01.009Suche in Google Scholar
11. MukhopadhyayN, BandyopadhyayS. Extrusion cooking technology employed to reduce the anti-nutritional factor tannin in sesame (Sesamum indicum) meal. J Food Eng2003;56:201–2.10.1016/S0260-8774(02)00250-9Suche in Google Scholar
12. SuknarkK, PhillipsRD, ChinnanMS. Physical properties of directly expanded extrudates formulated from partially defatted peanut flour and different types of starch. Food Res Int1997;30:515–83.10.1016/S0963-9969(98)00016-7Suche in Google Scholar
13. BhatnagarS, HannaMA. Physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of starch-based plastic foams. Trans ASAE1995;38:567–71.10.13031/2013.27867Suche in Google Scholar
14. ChiangBY, JohnsonJA. Gelatinization of starch in extruded products. Cereal chem1977;54:436–43.Suche in Google Scholar
15. AndersonRA, ConwayHF, PfeiferVF, GriffinEL. Gelatinization of corn grits by roll and extrusion cooking. Cereal Sci Today1969;14:4–12.10.1002/star.19700220408Suche in Google Scholar
16. ChatterjeeS, PriceB. Selection of variables in a regression equation. In: BradleyRA, KendallDG, WatsonGS, editors. Regression analysis by example. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1977:201–03.Suche in Google Scholar
17. CocharanWG, CoxGM. In: BradleyRA, KendallDG, HunterJS, WatsonGS, editors. Experimental designs. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1957:335–75.Suche in Google Scholar
18. WuZ-P. Studies on the dietary fiber enrichment and quality improvement of rice flour expanded food. PhD dissertation. Taipei: Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, 1990.Suche in Google Scholar
19. LaunayB, LischJM. Twin-screw extrusion cooking of starches: flow behavior of starch pastes, expansion and mechanical properties of extrudates. In: JowittR, editor. Extrusion cooking technology. London: Applied Science Pub. Ltd, 1984:159.Suche in Google Scholar
20. WuW-S, ChenH-H, KongM-S, Sun PanB. Twin screw extrusion of rice I. Effect of moisture content and oil addition onextrudate properties. Food Sci1989;16:305–18.Suche in Google Scholar
21. ShihM-J, ChiangW. Physicochemical changes of corn-based semi-product during extrusion processing. J Chin Agric Chem Soc1992;30:454–61.Suche in Google Scholar
22. BudowskiP. Recent research on sesamin, sesamolin and related compounds. J Am Oil Chem Soc1964;41:280–5.10.1007/BF02667019Suche in Google Scholar
23. ColonnaP, DoublierJL, MelcionJP, MonredonFD, MercierC. Extrusion cooking and drum drying of wheat starch. I. Physical and macromolecular modifications. Cereal Chem1984;61:538–43.Suche in Google Scholar
24. DuarteG, CarvalhoCW, AscheriJL. Effect of soybean hull, screw speed and temperature on expanded maize extrudates. Braz J Food Technol2009;12:205–12.10.4260/BJFT2009800900014Suche in Google Scholar
25. FukadaY, NagataM, OsawaT, NamikiM. Chemical aspects of the antioxidative activity of roasted sesame seed oil and the effect of using the oil for frying. Agric Biol Chem1986;50:857–62.10.1080/00021369.1986.10867500Suche in Google Scholar
26. GajulaH. Fiber-enriched wheat flour precooked using extrusion processing: rheological, nutritional and sensory properties. Master’s thesis, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, 2007.Suche in Google Scholar
27. HanJ, JanzJA, GerlatM. Development of gluten-free cracker snacks using pulse flours and fractions. Food Res Int2010;43:627–33.10.1016/j.foodres.2009.07.015Suche in Google Scholar
28. XuJ, ChenS, HuQ. Antioxidant activity of brown pigment and extracts from black sesame seed (Sesamum indicum L.). Food Chem2005;91:79–83.10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.05.051Suche in Google Scholar
29. RylandD, Vaisey-GenserM, ArntfieldSD, MalcolmsonLJ.Development of a nutritious acceptable snack bar using micronized flaked lentils. Food Res Int2010;43:642–9.10.1016/j.foodres.2009.07.032Suche in Google Scholar
30. ShiraniG, GanesharaneeR. Extruded products with fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecium) chickpea and rice: physical properties, sensory acceptability and glycaemic index. J Food Eng2009;90:44–52.10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2008.06.004Suche in Google Scholar
31. SujaKP, JayalekshmyA, ArumughanC. Antioxidant activity of sesame cake extract. Food Chem2005;91:213–19.10.1016/j.foodchem.2003.09.001Suche in Google Scholar
32. Kamal-EldinA, AppelqvistLA. Variation in fatty acidcomposition of the different acyl lipids in seed oils from four Sesamum species. J Am Oil Chem Soc1994;71:135–9.10.1007/BF02541547Suche in Google Scholar
33. LinkoP, MattsonC, LinkoYY, AntilaJ. Production of fat bread by continuous extrusion cooking from high alpha amylase. J Cereal Sci1984;2:43–51.10.1016/S0733-5210(84)80007-7Suche in Google Scholar
34. MohdalyAA, SmetanskaaI, RamadancMF, SarhanbMA,MahmoudbA. Antioxidant potential of sesame (Sesamum indicum) cake extract in stabilization of sunflower andsoybean oils. Ind Crops Prod2011. DOI:10.1016/j.indcrop.2011.02.018.Suche in Google Scholar
35. MurtyCM, PittawayJK, BallMJ. Chickpea supplementation in an Australian diet affects food choice, satiety and bowel health. Appetite2010;54:282–8.10.1016/j.appet.2009.11.012Suche in Google Scholar
36. NamikiM. The chemistry and physical functions of sesame.Food Rev Int1995;11:281–329.10.1080/87559129509541043Suche in Google Scholar
37. OnwulataCI, KonstanceRP, StrangeED, SmithPW, HolsingerVH. High-fiber snacks extruded from triticale and wheatformulations. Cereal Foods World2000;45:470–3.Suche in Google Scholar
38. SaxenaDC, RaoPH. Optimization of ingredients and process conditions for the preparation of tandoori roti using response surface methodology. Int J Food Sci Technol1996;31:345–51.10.1046/j.1365-2621.1996.00339.xSuche in Google Scholar
39. ShyuYS, HwangLS. Antioxidative activity of the crude extract of lignan glycosides from unroasted Burma black sesame meal. Food Res Int2002;35:357–65.10.1016/S0963-9969(01)00130-2Suche in Google Scholar
40. SuganoA, InoueT, KobeK, YoshidaK, HiroseN, AkimotoY,et al. Influence of sesame lignans on various lipid parameters in rats. Agric Biol Chem1990;54:2669–73.10.1080/00021369.1990.10870374Suche in Google Scholar
41. VainionpaaJ, MalkkiY. Extrusion cooking in the manufacture of intermediate moisture food and feed. In: GheeAH, editor. 7th world congress of food science and technology. Singapore: Singapore Institute of Food Science and Technology, 1987:338–45.Suche in Google Scholar
42. Vaisey-GenserM, YlimakiG, JohnsonB. The selection of canola oil, water, and an emulsifier system in cake formulation by response surface methodology. Cereal Chem1987;64:50–4.Suche in Google Scholar
43. YamashitaK, LizukaY, ImaiT, NamikiM. Sesame seed and its lignans produce marked enhancement of vitamin e activity in rats fed a low α-tocopherol diet. Lipids1995;30:1019–25.10.1007/BF02536287Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
©2014 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin / Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Review Article
- The Effect of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Food and Feed and Their Impact on Food Safety
- Research Articles
- Milk-Coagulating Extract Produced from Solanum aethiopicum Shum Fruits: Multivariate Techniques of Preparation, Thermal Stability and Effect on Milk Solids Recovery in Curd
- Optimal Removal of Experimental Points to Determine Apparent Thermal Diffusivity of Canned Products
- Mathematical Modelling of Heat Transfer in Mortadella Bologna PGI during Evaporative Pre-Cooling
- Preparation of Oxidized Starch Using Environment Friendly Chlorine Dioxide as Oxidant
- Assessment of Quality Attributes of Banana Slices Dried by Different Drying Methods
- Effects of High Hydrostatic Pressure Treated Mung Bean Starch on Characteristics of Batters and Crusts from Deep-Fried Pork Nuggets
- Exergy and Energy Analysis, Drying Kinetics and Mathematical Modeling of White Mulberry Drying Process
- Convective Drying of Apples: Kinetic Study, Evaluation of Mass Transfer Properties and Data Analysis using Artificial Neural Networks
- Identification of Eggshell Crack using BPNN and GANN in Dynamic Frequency Analysis
- Optimization of Osmotic Dehydration of Seedless Guava (Psidium guajava L.) in Sucrose Solution using Response Surface Methodology
- Effects of Screw Speed and Sesame Cake Level on Optimal Operation Conditions of Expanded Corn Grits Extrudates
- Evaluation and Optimization of Steam and Lye Peeling Processes of Sweet Potato (Ipomea batatas) using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
- Physical Properties of Naked Oat Seeds (Avena nuda L.)
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Review Article
- The Effect of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Food and Feed and Their Impact on Food Safety
- Research Articles
- Milk-Coagulating Extract Produced from Solanum aethiopicum Shum Fruits: Multivariate Techniques of Preparation, Thermal Stability and Effect on Milk Solids Recovery in Curd
- Optimal Removal of Experimental Points to Determine Apparent Thermal Diffusivity of Canned Products
- Mathematical Modelling of Heat Transfer in Mortadella Bologna PGI during Evaporative Pre-Cooling
- Preparation of Oxidized Starch Using Environment Friendly Chlorine Dioxide as Oxidant
- Assessment of Quality Attributes of Banana Slices Dried by Different Drying Methods
- Effects of High Hydrostatic Pressure Treated Mung Bean Starch on Characteristics of Batters and Crusts from Deep-Fried Pork Nuggets
- Exergy and Energy Analysis, Drying Kinetics and Mathematical Modeling of White Mulberry Drying Process
- Convective Drying of Apples: Kinetic Study, Evaluation of Mass Transfer Properties and Data Analysis using Artificial Neural Networks
- Identification of Eggshell Crack using BPNN and GANN in Dynamic Frequency Analysis
- Optimization of Osmotic Dehydration of Seedless Guava (Psidium guajava L.) in Sucrose Solution using Response Surface Methodology
- Effects of Screw Speed and Sesame Cake Level on Optimal Operation Conditions of Expanded Corn Grits Extrudates
- Evaluation and Optimization of Steam and Lye Peeling Processes of Sweet Potato (Ipomea batatas) using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
- Physical Properties of Naked Oat Seeds (Avena nuda L.)