Startseite Predicting the Liquid Film Thickness and Droplet–Gas Flow in Effervescent Atomization: Influence of Operating Conditions and Fluid Viscosity
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Predicting the Liquid Film Thickness and Droplet–Gas Flow in Effervescent Atomization: Influence of Operating Conditions and Fluid Viscosity

  • Meng Liu EMAIL logo und Yufeng Duan
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 10. September 2013
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International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering
Aus der Zeitschrift International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering Band 11 Heft 1

Abstract

The droplet–gas flow in effervescent atomization was simulated using a comprehensive numerical model. Liquid film thicknesses in the nozzle exit orifice and droplet size distribution at the downstream of spray were calculated. The thickness of liquid film in the nozzle exit orifice increased and approached the droplet size in the primary atomization, as the air–liquid ratio increased. The primary breakup model can accurately predict the Sauter mean diameter in the primary atomization when gas–liquid two-phase flow belongs to the annular flow in the nozzle exit orifice. The viscosity of fluid had minimal influence on the liquid film thickness for spray with fluids, the viscosity of which is significantly greater than that of water. Droplet size initially decreased and then increased along the axial distance because of the secondary atomization and droplet coalescence at the downstream of spray.

Keywords: effervescent atomization; primary atomization; secondary atomization; liquid film thickness; droplet size distribution

Acknowledgments

The research is supported by The National Science Foundation of China (No. 51206028), The National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, 2010CB227001), and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2012M520971). The authors thank the helpful advice from Dr. Qian Li-Juan from Zhejiang University.

Nomenclature

aradii of parent drop (m)
bvalue of the width of the droplet distribution
Bcoefficient, eq. (4)
CDcoefficient of the drag force, eq. (13)
ddiameter of aeration holes (m)
Ddiameter of pipe (m)
D0throat diameter of nozzle (m)
D1divergent diameter of nozzle (m)
D32SMD (m)
einternal energy of the mixing gas (J)
flginterfacial friction factor, eq. (8)
Fmomentum source (N), eq. (2)
ggravity force (N)
hhalf-thickness of sheet (m)
Kwave number
Kbubreakup frequency
Ksmost unstable wave number
Lcdistance between the last row of aerator holes and the final discharge orifice (m)
mgmass flow rate of gas per unit pipe area (kg/s)
mgltotal mass flow rate per unit pipe area (kg/s)
nindex, eq. (4)
N2collision events
Ppressure (MPa)
qheat flux vector (W/m2)
Qheat source of liquid droplets (W/m2)
rparticle radius (m)
ReReynolds number
tbubreakup time (s)
Ugas velocity vector (m/s)
Ulvelocity of the liquid sheet (m/s)
Urrelative drop–gas velocity (m/s)
Vlfluctuating velocity (m/s)
Volcollision cylinder, eq. (18)
ydeformation parameter, eq. (15)

Greek letters

ρgas density (kg/m3)
κmturbulent kinetic energy per unit mass (J)
εmviscous dissipation rate
σsurface tension (kg/s2)
non-dimensional film thickness, eq. (4)
viscosity (kg/(m s))
specific volume (m3/kg)
shear stress (Pa)
αvoid fraction, eq. (8)
ωgrowth rate of surface distributions, eq. (9)
ξcollision frequency, eq. (18)
θcollision angle (°)

Subscripts

LFliquid film
lliquid
ccharacteristic value
iinterfacial
wwall
pparticle
critcritical
ooperating condition

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Published Online: 2013-09-10

©2013 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin / Boston

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https://doi.org/10.1515/ijcre-2013-0073
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
effervescent atomization; primary atomization; secondary atomization; liquid film thickness; droplet size distribution

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