The association of acne and menstrual symptoms among young women (18–25 years) in Egypt: a population-based cross-sectional study
-
Ahmed Arafa
,
Alshimaa Mostafa
Abstract
Background
Acne and menstrual symptoms are highly prevalent among young women. Since both acne and menstrual symptoms have similar hormonal pathogenesis, it is highly suggested that the two conditions are associated. Herein, we conducted this study to assess the relationship between acne and menstrual symptoms among young women.
Subjects and methods
In this population-based cross-sectional study, a multi-stage random sampling approach was used to include 3065 young women (18–25 years) from Egypt. Women were interviewed for their socio-demographic characteristics, gynecological history, premenstrual and menstrual symptoms, and history of acne and perimenstrual acne flare during the past 6 months.
Results
The mean age of women was 21.5 ± 2.2 and their age of menarche was 13.1 ± 1.5 years. During the previous 6 months, 44.8% of participants had acne. After adjusting for socio-demographic and gynecological characteristics, acne was associated with most menstrual symptoms with odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) as follows: [premenstrual symptoms: 1.23 (1.05–1.44) for irritation or nervousness, 1.45 (1.24–1.68) for fatigue, 1.37 (1.15–1.62) for breast tenderness, 1.48 (1.21–1.80) for abdominal bloating, and 1.36 (1.11–1.66) for nausea or vomiting], [menstrual symptoms: 1.63 (1.19–2.23) for dysmenorrhea and 1.24 (1.06–1.45) for dysmenorrhea requiring drugs], and [symptoms severity: 1.44 (1.24–1.68) for missing events and 1.38 (1.16–1.64) for medical consultation]. Of acne patients, 56.7% reported perimenstrual acne flare: 58.5% before menses, 35% during menses, and 6.5% after menses.
Conclusion
This study supports the concept that acne is associated with menstrual symptoms. Physicians should consider screening for menstrual symptoms among young women with acne.
Acknowledgment
None.
-
Research funding: None.
-
Conflict of interest: Authors declare no conflict of interests.
References
1. Tan, A, Schlosser, B, Paller, A. A review of diagnosis and treatment of acne in adult female patients. Int J Womens Dermatol 2017;4:56–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijwd.2017.10.006.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
2. Collier, C, Harper, J, Cafardi, J, Cantrell, W, Wang, W, Foster, K, et al. The prevalence of acne in adults 20 years and older. J Am Acad Dermatol 2008;58:56–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2007.06.045.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
3. Tasoula, E, Gregoriou, S, Chalikias, J, Lazarou, D, Danopoulou, I, Katsambas, A, et al. The impact of acne vulgaris on quality of life and psychic health in young adolescents in Greece. Results of a population survey. An Bras Dermatol 2012;87:862–9. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0365-05962012000600007.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
4. Thiboutot, D. Acne: hormonal concepts and therapy. Clin Dermatol 2004;22:419–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clindermatol.2004.03.010.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
5. Shaw, J. Acne: effect of hormones on pathogenesis and management. Am J Clin Dermatol 2002;3:571–8. https://doi.org/10.2165/00128071-200203080-00007.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
6. Gleicher, N, Weghofer, A, Barad, D. The role of androgens in follicle maturation and ovulation induction: friend or foe of infertility treatment?. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2011;9:116. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7827-9-116.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
7. Arafa, A, Senosy, S, Helmy, H, Mohamed, A. Prevalence and patterns of dysmenorrhea and premenstrual syndrome among Egyptian girls (12–25 years). Middle East Fertil Soc J 2018;23:486–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mefs.2018.01.007.Suche in Google Scholar
8. Stoll, S, Shalita, AR, Webster, GF, Kaplan, R, Danesh, S, Penstein, A. The effect of the menstrual cycle on acne. J Am Acad Dermatol 2001;45:957–60. https://doi.org/10.1067/mjd.2001.117382.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
9. Geller, L, Rosen, J, Frankel, A, Goldenberg, G. Perimenstrual flare of adult acne. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 2014;7:30–4.Suche in Google Scholar
10. Arafa, A, Senosy, S. Menstrual disorders and medical counseling among schoolgirls in South Egypt: a cross-sectional study. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2019. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2018-0261.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
11. Arafa, A, Saleh, L, Shawky, S. Association between menstrual disorders and school absenteeism among schoolgirls in South Egypt. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2019. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2019-0081.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
12. Arafa, A, Khamis, Y, Hassan, H, Saber, N, Abbas, A. Epidemiology of dysmenorrhea among workers in Upper Egypt; a cross sectional study. Middle East Fertil Soc J 2018;23:44–7.10.1016/j.mefs.2017.07.002Suche in Google Scholar
13. Wang, Y, Li, S, Luo, S, Qin, L, Zeng, X, Li, L, et al. How to evaluate acne in reproductive-age women: an epidemiological study in Chinese communities. Biomed Res Int 2019;2019:6126808. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/6126808.Suche in Google Scholar
14. Di Landro, A, Cazzaniga, S, Parazzini, F, Ingordo, V, Cusano, F, Atzori, L, et al. Family history, body mass index, selected dietary factors, menstrual history, and risk of moderate to severe acne in adolescents and young adults. J Am Acad Dermatol 2012;67:1129–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2012.02.018.Suche in Google Scholar
15. Bataille, V, Snieder, H, MacGregor, A, Sasieni, P, Spector, T. The influence of genetics and environmental factors in the pathogenesis of acne: a twin study of acne in women. J Invest Dermatol 2002;119:1317–22. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1747.2002.19621.x.Suche in Google Scholar
16. Poli, F1, Dreno, B, Verschoore, M. An epidemiological study of acne in female adults: results of a survey conducted in France. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2001;15:541–5. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-3083.2001.00357.x.Suche in Google Scholar
17. Khanna, V, Pandhi, K. Relationship of acne with menstrual period. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 1991;57:138–40.Suche in Google Scholar
18. Burton, J, Cartlidge, M, Shuster, S. Variations in sebum excretion during the menstrual cycle. Acta Derm Venereol 1973;53:81–4.10.2340/00015555538184Suche in Google Scholar
19. Williams, M, Cunliffe, W. Explanation for premenstrual acne. Lancet 1973;2:1055–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(73)92661-5.Suche in Google Scholar
© 2020 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Reviews
- Effective strategies to improve health worker performance in delivering adolescent-friendly sexual and reproductive health services
- Sleep disturbance and depression in adolescence: an integrative review of literature
- Multiple behavioural risk factors of non-communicable diseases among adolescents in four Caribbean countries: prevalence and correlates
- The post 16 gap: how do young people conceptualise PE? An exploration of the barriers to participation in physical education, physical activity and sport in senior school pupils
- The effect of cognitive behavior therapy on body image and self-esteem in female adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Polycystic ovary syndrome and reproductive health of women: a curious association
- Correlation between obesity, gestational diabetes mellitus, and pregnancy outcomes: an overview
- Mindfulness and eudaimonic well-being: the mediating roles of rumination and emotion dysregulation
- Acute neurological conditions during pregnancy and their management: a review
- Depression and anxiety in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: a literature survey
- Significance of sugar intake in young adults: a review
- Original Articles
- Prevalence and factors associated with smoking among Tunisian secondary school-adolescents
- Physical fitness and its association with overweight among early adolescents in Puducherry, Southern India
- Knowledge and awareness of individual sickle cell genotype among adolescents in a unity school in Southeast, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study
- Popular water pipe smoking, medical sciences students' awareness, perceptions, and motivations
- Investigation E-health literacy and correlates factors among Alborz medical sciences students: a cross sectional study
- Risk of eating disorders in university students: an international study in Hungary, Poland and Ukraine
- Prevalence and associated factors of oral and hand hygiene behaviour among adolescents in six Southeast Asian countries
- Assessment of academic performance of licensed athletes
- Gender-based differences in risk-taking behaviors among high school students in Southeast Iran
- Experience of sexual and gender minority youth when accessing health care in Turkey
- Use of modern contraceptives among advanced-level secondary school girls in the Rukwa Region, Tanzania, 2018
- The effect of poetry reading on self-concept of primary adolescents
- The association of acne and menstrual symptoms among young women (18–25 years) in Egypt: a population-based cross-sectional study
- Sexual risk behaviors and influencing factors among Muslim adolescents on southern border of Thailand
- Not just studies, but fitness can also get you the intelligence and the grades!!
- Effectiveness of a school-based intervention in Guatemala to increase knowledge of sexual and reproductive health
- Stressful life events and depressive symptoms among adolescents in Malaysia: the mediating role of maladaptive cognitive schema
- Sexual risk behaviour and its correlates among adolescents in Indonesia, Laos, Thailand and Timor-Leste: results from national school surveys in 2015
- Utilization rate and factors influencing the use of HIV counseling and testing services among young females: a community-based study from Nigeria
- Pattern and quitting of tobacco smoking among Egyptian university students
- Association between parents and peer attachment with health locus of control: a cross-sectional study among Iranian adolescents
- Body dissatisfaction and its association with domains of physical activity and of sedentary behavior in a sample of 15,632 adolescents
- Effect of Bhramari pranayama practice on simple reaction time in healthy adolescents – a randomized control trial
- Short Communications
- Survey of school nurses’ experiences of providing counselling on sexual orientation to high school students in Japan
- Prevalence and correlates of fruit and vegetable consumption among adolescents in Laos
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Reviews
- Effective strategies to improve health worker performance in delivering adolescent-friendly sexual and reproductive health services
- Sleep disturbance and depression in adolescence: an integrative review of literature
- Multiple behavioural risk factors of non-communicable diseases among adolescents in four Caribbean countries: prevalence and correlates
- The post 16 gap: how do young people conceptualise PE? An exploration of the barriers to participation in physical education, physical activity and sport in senior school pupils
- The effect of cognitive behavior therapy on body image and self-esteem in female adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Polycystic ovary syndrome and reproductive health of women: a curious association
- Correlation between obesity, gestational diabetes mellitus, and pregnancy outcomes: an overview
- Mindfulness and eudaimonic well-being: the mediating roles of rumination and emotion dysregulation
- Acute neurological conditions during pregnancy and their management: a review
- Depression and anxiety in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: a literature survey
- Significance of sugar intake in young adults: a review
- Original Articles
- Prevalence and factors associated with smoking among Tunisian secondary school-adolescents
- Physical fitness and its association with overweight among early adolescents in Puducherry, Southern India
- Knowledge and awareness of individual sickle cell genotype among adolescents in a unity school in Southeast, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study
- Popular water pipe smoking, medical sciences students' awareness, perceptions, and motivations
- Investigation E-health literacy and correlates factors among Alborz medical sciences students: a cross sectional study
- Risk of eating disorders in university students: an international study in Hungary, Poland and Ukraine
- Prevalence and associated factors of oral and hand hygiene behaviour among adolescents in six Southeast Asian countries
- Assessment of academic performance of licensed athletes
- Gender-based differences in risk-taking behaviors among high school students in Southeast Iran
- Experience of sexual and gender minority youth when accessing health care in Turkey
- Use of modern contraceptives among advanced-level secondary school girls in the Rukwa Region, Tanzania, 2018
- The effect of poetry reading on self-concept of primary adolescents
- The association of acne and menstrual symptoms among young women (18–25 years) in Egypt: a population-based cross-sectional study
- Sexual risk behaviors and influencing factors among Muslim adolescents on southern border of Thailand
- Not just studies, but fitness can also get you the intelligence and the grades!!
- Effectiveness of a school-based intervention in Guatemala to increase knowledge of sexual and reproductive health
- Stressful life events and depressive symptoms among adolescents in Malaysia: the mediating role of maladaptive cognitive schema
- Sexual risk behaviour and its correlates among adolescents in Indonesia, Laos, Thailand and Timor-Leste: results from national school surveys in 2015
- Utilization rate and factors influencing the use of HIV counseling and testing services among young females: a community-based study from Nigeria
- Pattern and quitting of tobacco smoking among Egyptian university students
- Association between parents and peer attachment with health locus of control: a cross-sectional study among Iranian adolescents
- Body dissatisfaction and its association with domains of physical activity and of sedentary behavior in a sample of 15,632 adolescents
- Effect of Bhramari pranayama practice on simple reaction time in healthy adolescents – a randomized control trial
- Short Communications
- Survey of school nurses’ experiences of providing counselling on sexual orientation to high school students in Japan
- Prevalence and correlates of fruit and vegetable consumption among adolescents in Laos
