Home Polycystic ovary syndrome and reproductive health of women: a curious association
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

Polycystic ovary syndrome and reproductive health of women: a curious association

  • Mehrukh Zehravi , Mudasir Maqbool and Irfat Ara
Published/Copyright: April 21, 2021
International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health
From the journal International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health Volume 33 Issue 6

Abstract

Reproductive health is a broad concept that encompasses mortality, morbidity, and quality of life associated with the reproductive system, mechanism, and incidents encountered at all ages by men and women. Orthodox Indian society finds the conversation on reproductive health to be a taboo and discourages open conversations about it. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a reproductive-age metabolic endocrine disorder found in females. Females suffering from PCOS are prone to reproductive, metabolic, and cardiovascular disorders. In this paper, we will systematically review about effect of PCOS on Reproductive Health of Women. The numerous electronic databases such as: BMJ, LANCET, PUBMED, Unicef Website, WHO Website and Google Scholar have been comprehensively searched for studies linked to PCOS, its various effects and effect on women’s reproductive health. For additional analyses, we have reviewed reference lists of reviews and collected papers. The effects of PCOS on women’s reproductive health have been verified by several scientific reports worldwide. PCOS is a hormonal condition, as per multiple reports, with the ability to lead to different outcomes. It still appears to be a common cause among females of infertility. An integral aspect of the treatment of this disease is the early diagnosis of long-term morbidities by effective screening tests. In the future, studies must concentrate on the missing holes in our growing perception of this disease. Several studies have confirmed that reproductive morbidity, including irregular uterine bleeding, abortion, miscarriage, and other risk of pregnancy during reproductive years, is associated with PCOS. PCOS is an amalgam of physiological and psychosocial dysfunction, not just an endocrine disorder.

Keywords: hirsutism; menstrual bleeding; polycystic ovary; reproductive health
Corresponding author: Mudasir Maqbool, Research Scholar, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India, E-mail:

Acknowledgement

Nil.

  1. Research funding: None declared.

  2. Author contributions: MZ and MM conceived the idea and collected the study material for reviewing. MM and IA assisted in write up, analysis, and preparation of first draft of the manuscript. All authors critically revised the manuscript and have approved the final manuscript.

  3. Competing interests: Authors state no conflict of interest.

  4. Data availability: Required findings of this study are available within the article.

References

1. Stein, IF, Leventhal, ML. Amenorrhea associated with bilateral polycystic ovaries. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1935;29:181–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9378(15)30642-6.Search in Google Scholar

2. Farquhar, C. Introduction and history of polycystic ovary syndrome. In: Kovacs, G, Norman, R, editors. Polycystic ovary syndrome.2nd ed. Cambridge, UK. Cambridge University Press; 2007:pp 4–24.10.1017/CBO9780511545191.002Search in Google Scholar

3. Balen, A, Conway, G, Kaltsas, G. Polycystic ovary syndrome: the spectrum of the disorder in 1741 patients. Hum Reprod 1995;10:2107–11. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a136243.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

4. Hart, R. Definitions, prevalence and symptoms of polycystic ovaries and the polycystic ovary syndrome. In: Allahbadia, GN, Agrawal, R, editors. Polycystic ovary syndrome. Kent, UK: Anshan Ltd; 2007:pp 15–26.10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2004.05.001Search in Google Scholar PubMed

5. Azziz, R, Sanchez, L, Knochenhauer, ES, Moran, C, Lazenby, J, Stephens, KC, et al.. Androgen excess in women: experience with over 1000 consecutive patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:453–62. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2003-031122.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

6. Fauser, B, Tarlatzis, B, Rebar, R, Legro, RS, Balen, AH, Lobo, R, et al.. Consensus on women’s health aspects of polycystic ovary syndrome [PCOS]: the Amsterdam ESHRE/ASRM Sponsored 3rd PCOS Consensus Workshop Group. Fertil Steril 2012;97:28–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.09.024.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

7. Ferriman, D, Gallwey, J. Clinical assessment of body hair growth in women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1961;21:1440–47. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem-21-11-1440.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

8. Unluhizarci, K, Kaltsas, G, Kelestimur, F. Non polycystic ovary syndrome-related endocrine disorders associated with hirsutism. Eur J Clin Invest 2012;42:86–94. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2362.2011.02550.x.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

9. Adams, J, Polson, D, Franks, S. Prevalence of polycystic ovaries in women with anovulation and idiopathic hirsutism. Br Med J 1986;293:355–59. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.293.6543.355.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

10. Souter, I, Sanchez, L, Perez, M, Bartolucci, A, Azziz, R. The prevalence of androgen excess among patients with minimal unwanted hair growth. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004;19:1914–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2004.06.064.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

11. Wijeyaratne, CN, Balen, AH, Barth, JH, Belchetz, PE. Clinical manifestations and insulin resistance [IR] in polycystic ovary syndrome [PCOS] among south Asians and Caucasians: is there a difference? Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2002;57:343–50. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2265.2002.01603.x.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

12. Lowenstein, E. Diagnosis and management of the dermatologic manifestations of the polycystic ovary syndrome. Dermatol Ther 2006;19:210–23. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8019.2006.00077.x.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

13. Eden, J. The polycystic ovary syndrome presenting as resistant acne successfully treated with cyproterone acetate. Med J Aust 1991;155:677–80. https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1991.tb93959.x.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

14. Teede, H, Deeks, A, Moran, L. Polycystic ovary syndrome: a complex conditions with psychological, reproductive and metabolic manifestations that impact on health across the lifespan. BMC Med 2010;8:41. https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-8-41.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

15. Diamanti-Kandarakis, E, Kouli, CR, Bergiele, AT, Filandra, FA, Tsianateli, TC, Spina, GG. A survey of the polycystic ovary syndrome in the Greek island of Lesbos: hormonal and metabolic profile. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999;84:4006–11. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.84.11.6148.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

16. Knochenhauer, ES, Key, TJ, Kahsar-Miller, M, Waggoner, W, Boots, LR, Azziz, R. Prevalence of the polycystic ovary syndrome in unselected black and white women of the southeastern United States: a prospective study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998;83:3078–82. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.83.9.5090.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

17. Asunción, M, Calvo, RM, San Millán, JL, Sancho, J, Avila, S, Escobar-Morreale, HF. A prospective study of the prevalence of the polycystic ovary syndrome in unselected Caucasian women from Spain. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:2434–38. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.85.7.2434.Search in Google Scholar

18. March, WA, Moore, VM, Willson, KJ, Phillips, DI, Norman, RJ, Davies, MJ. The prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in a community sample assessed under contrasting diagnostic criteria. Hum Reprod 2010;25:544–51. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dep399.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

19. Maqbool, M, Dar, MA, Gani, I, Geer, MI, Insulin resistance and polycystic ovary syndrome: a review, J Drug Deliv Therapeut 2019;9(1-s):433–6. https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i1-s.2275.Search in Google Scholar

20. Maqbool, M, Gani, I, Geer, MI. Polycystic ovarian syndrome – a multifaceted disease: a review. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2019;10:1072–79.Search in Google Scholar

21. Practice Committee of American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Definitions of infertility and recurrent pregnancy loss: a committee opinion. Fertil Steril 2013;99:63.10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.09.023Search in Google Scholar PubMed

22. Haqq, L, McFarlane, J, Dieberg, G, Smart, N. Effect of lifestyle intervention on the reproductive endocrine profile in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Endocr Connect 2014;3:36–46. https://doi.org/10.1530/ec-14-0010.Search in Google Scholar

23. Salley, KES, Wickham, EP, Cheang, KI, Essah, PA, Kargane, NW, Nestler, JE. Glucose intolerance in polycystic ovary syndrome: a position statement of the Androgen Excess Society. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007;92:4546–56. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2007-1549.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

24. Sirmans, SM, Pate, KA. Epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Epidemiol 2014;6:1–13.10.2147/CLEP.S37559Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

25. Mohd, M, Maqbool, M, Dar, MA, Mushtaq, I. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, a modern epidemic: an overview. J Drug Deliv Therapeut 2019;9:641–4.Search in Google Scholar

26. Hoffman, B, Schorge, J, Schaffer, J, Lisa, M, Karen, D, GaryCunningham, F. Polycystic ovarian syndrome and hyperandrogenisim. In: Williams Gynecology, 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.; 2012:pp 400–606.Search in Google Scholar

27. Sudha, A, Sadanand, B, PatilRekha, M, Shobha, D. Role of luteinizing hormone LH and insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome. Int J Repord Contracept Obestet Gynecol 2017;6:3892–6.10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20174029Search in Google Scholar

28. Walters, KA, Handelsman, DJ. Androgen receptor splice variants and polycystic ovary syndrome: cause or effect? Asian J Androl 2016;18:442–3. https://doi.org/10.4103/1008-682x.161600.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

29. Yan, Z, Lingyan, L, Tai-Lang, Y, Jing, Y, Cheng-Liang, X. Follicular metabolic changes and effects on oocyte quality in polycystic ovary syndrome patients. Oncotarget 2016;8:80472–80.10.18632/oncotarget.19058Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

30. Satin, S, Bruce, R. Oocyte quality in adult polycystic ovary syndrome. Semin Reprod Med 2008;26:196–203.10.1055/s-2008-1042958Search in Google Scholar PubMed

31. Dumesic, DA, Meldrum, DR, Katzjaffe, MG, Krisher, RL, Schoolcraft, WB. Oocyte environment: follicular fluid and cumulus cells are critical for oocyte health. Fertil Steril 2015;103:303–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.11.015.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

32. Okohue, J, Onuh, S, Ikimalo, J. Comparison of IVF/ICSI outcome in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome or tubal factor infertility. Niger J Clin Pract 2013;16:207–10. https://doi.org/10.4103/1119-3077.110164.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

33. University of Leeds, Nuffield Institute for Health, NHS centre for reviews and dissemination: the management of menorrhagia: what are effective ways of treating excessive regular menstrual blood loss in primary and secondary care? Effect Health Care 1995;9:1–14.Search in Google Scholar

34. Awwad, JT, Toth, TL, Schiff, I. Abnormal uterine bleeding in the perimenopause. Int J Fertil 1993;38:261.Search in Google Scholar

35. Munro, MG, Critchley, HO, Broder, MS, Fraser, IS, FIGO Working Group on Menstrual Disorders. FIGO classification system [PALMCOEIN] for causes of abnormal uterine bleeding in nongravid women of reproductive age. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2011;113:3–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgo.2010.11.011.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

36. Committee on Practice Bulletins—Gynecology. Practice bulletin no. 128: diagnosis of abnormal uterine bleeding in reproductive-aged women. Obstet Gynecol 2012;120:197–206.10.1097/AOG.0b013e318262e320Search in Google Scholar

37. Silverthorn, DU. Human physiology: an integrated approach, 6th ed., editor. Glenview, IL: Pearson Education; 2013.Search in Google Scholar

38. Practice bulletin no. 128: diagnosis of abnormal uterine bleeding in reproductive-aged women. Obstet Gynecol 2012;120:197–206.10.1097/AOG.0b013e318262e320Search in Google Scholar

39. Beckers, NG, Macklon, NS, Eijkemans, MJ, Fauser, BC. Women with regular menstrual cycles and a poor response to ovarian hyperstimulation for in vitro fertilization exhibit follicular phase characteristics suggestive of ovarian aging. Fertil Steril 2002;78:291–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0015-0282(02)03227-2.Search in Google Scholar

40. Roney, JR, Simmons, ZL. Hormonal predictors of sexual motivation in natural menstrual cycles. Horm Behav 2013;63:636–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2013.02.013.Search in Google Scholar

41. Buccola, JM, Reynolds, EE. Polycystic ovary syndrome: a review for primary providers. Prim Care 2003;30:697–710. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0095-4543(03)00089-7.Search in Google Scholar

42. Du, D, Li, X. The relationship between thyroiditis and polycystic ovary syndrome: a meta-analysis. Int J Clin Exp Med 2013;6:880–9.Search in Google Scholar

43. Amato, MC, Vesco, R, Vigneri, E, Ciresi, A, Giordano, C. Hyperinsulinism and polycystic ovary syndrome [PCOS]: role of insulin clearance. J Endocrinol Invest 2015;38:1319–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-015-0372-x.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

44. Carmina, E, Campagna, AM, Lobo, RA. Emergence of ovulatory cycles with aging in women with polycystic ovary syndrome [PCOS] alters the trajectory of cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors. Hum Reprod. 2013;28:2245–52. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/det119.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

45. Legro, RS, Kunselman, AR, Dodson, WC, Dunaif, A. Prevalence and predictors of risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in polycystic ovary syndrome: a prospective, controlled study in 254 affected women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999;84:165–9. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.84.1.5393.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

46. Lo, JC, Feigenbaum, SL, Yang, J, Pressman, AR, Selby, JV, Go, AS. Epidemiology and adverse cardiovascular risk profile of diagnosed polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006;91:1357–1363. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2005-2430.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

47. Hadaegh, F, Derakhshan, A, Mozaffary, A, Hasheminia, M, Khalili, D, Azizi, F. Twelve-year cardiovascular and mortality risk in relation to smoking habits in type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic men: Tehran lipid and glucose study. PLoS One 2016;11:e0149780. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0149780.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

48. Panidis, D, Tziomalos, K, Chatzis, P, Papadakis, E, Delkos, D, Tsourdi, EA, et al.. Association between menstrual cycle irregularities and endocrine and metabolic characteristics of the polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol 2013;168:145–52. https://doi.org/10.1530/eje-12-0655.Search in Google Scholar

49. Solomon, CG, Hu, FB, Dunaif, A, Rich-Edwards, J, Willett, WC, Hunter, DJ, et al.. Long or highly irregular menstrual cycles as a marker for risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Jama 2001;286:2421–6. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.286.19.2421.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

50. Wang, ET, Cirillo, PM, Vittinghoff, E, Bibbins-Domingo, K, Cohn, BA, Cedars, MI. Menstrual irregularity and cardiovascular mortality. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011;96:E114–E118. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2010-1709.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

51. RamezaniTehrani, F, Montazeri, SA, Hosseinpanah, F, Cheraghi, L, Erfani, H, Tohidi, M, et al.. Trend of cardio-metabolic risk factors in polycystic ovary syndrome: a population-based prospective cohort study. PLoS One 2015;10:e0137609. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0137609.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

52. Hosseinpanah, F, Barzin, M, Tehrani, FR, Azizi, F. The lack of association between polycystic ovary syndrome and metabolic syndrome: Iranian PCOS prevalence study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2011;75:692–7. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2265.2011.04113.x.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

53. Vrbikova, J, Vondra, K, Cibula, D, Dvorakova, K, Stanicka, S, Sramkova, D, et al.. Metabolic syndrome in young Czech women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod 2005;20:3328–32. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dei221.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

54. Palomba, S, Santagni, S, Falbo, A, La Sala, GB. Complications and challenges associated with polycystic ovary syndrome: current perspectives. Int J Womens Health 2015;7:745–63. https://doi.org/10.2147/ijwh.s70314.Search in Google Scholar

55. Maqbool, M, Dar, MA, Gani, I, Geer, MI. Insulin resistance and polycystic ovary syndrome: a review. J Drug Deliv Therapeut 2019;9(1-s):433–6. https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i1-s.2275.Search in Google Scholar

56. Mohd, M, Maqbool, M, Dar, MA, Mushtaq, I. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, a modern epidemic: an overview. J Drug Deliv Therapeut 2019;9:641–4.10.22270/jddt.v9i1-s.2275Search in Google Scholar
Received: 2021-03-11
Accepted: 2021-04-01
Published Online: 2021-04-21

© 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Reviews
  3. Effective strategies to improve health worker performance in delivering adolescent-friendly sexual and reproductive health services
  4. Sleep disturbance and depression in adolescence: an integrative review of literature
  5. Multiple behavioural risk factors of non-communicable diseases among adolescents in four Caribbean countries: prevalence and correlates
  6. The post 16 gap: how do young people conceptualise PE? An exploration of the barriers to participation in physical education, physical activity and sport in senior school pupils
  7. The effect of cognitive behavior therapy on body image and self-esteem in female adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  8. Polycystic ovary syndrome and reproductive health of women: a curious association
  9. Correlation between obesity, gestational diabetes mellitus, and pregnancy outcomes: an overview
  10. Mindfulness and eudaimonic well-being: the mediating roles of rumination and emotion dysregulation
  11. Acute neurological conditions during pregnancy and their management: a review
  12. Depression and anxiety in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: a literature survey
  13. Significance of sugar intake in young adults: a review
  14. Original Articles
  15. Prevalence and factors associated with smoking among Tunisian secondary school-adolescents
  16. Physical fitness and its association with overweight among early adolescents in Puducherry, Southern India
  17. Knowledge and awareness of individual sickle cell genotype among adolescents in a unity school in Southeast, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study
  18. Popular water pipe smoking, medical sciences students' awareness, perceptions, and motivations
  19. Investigation E-health literacy and correlates factors among Alborz medical sciences students: a cross sectional study
  20. Risk of eating disorders in university students: an international study in Hungary, Poland and Ukraine
  21. Prevalence and associated factors of oral and hand hygiene behaviour among adolescents in six Southeast Asian countries
  22. Assessment of academic performance of licensed athletes
  23. Gender-based differences in risk-taking behaviors among high school students in Southeast Iran
  24. Experience of sexual and gender minority youth when accessing health care in Turkey
  25. Use of modern contraceptives among advanced-level secondary school girls in the Rukwa Region, Tanzania, 2018
  26. The effect of poetry reading on self-concept of primary adolescents
  27. The association of acne and menstrual symptoms among young women (18–25 years) in Egypt: a population-based cross-sectional study
  28. Sexual risk behaviors and influencing factors among Muslim adolescents on southern border of Thailand
  29. Not just studies, but fitness can also get you the intelligence and the grades!!
  30. Effectiveness of a school-based intervention in Guatemala to increase knowledge of sexual and reproductive health
  31. Stressful life events and depressive symptoms among adolescents in Malaysia: the mediating role of maladaptive cognitive schema
  32. Sexual risk behaviour and its correlates among adolescents in Indonesia, Laos, Thailand and Timor-Leste: results from national school surveys in 2015
  33. Utilization rate and factors influencing the use of HIV counseling and testing services among young females: a community-based study from Nigeria
  34. Pattern and quitting of tobacco smoking among Egyptian university students
  35. Association between parents and peer attachment with health locus of control: a cross-sectional study among Iranian adolescents
  36. Body dissatisfaction and its association with domains of physical activity and of sedentary behavior in a sample of 15,632 adolescents
  37. Effect of Bhramari pranayama practice on simple reaction time in healthy adolescents – a randomized control trial
  38. Short Communications
  39. Survey of school nurses’ experiences of providing counselling on sexual orientation to high school students in Japan
  40. Prevalence and correlates of fruit and vegetable consumption among adolescents in Laos
https://doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2021-0031
Keywords for this article
hirsutism; menstrual bleeding; polycystic ovary; reproductive health

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Reviews
  3. Effective strategies to improve health worker performance in delivering adolescent-friendly sexual and reproductive health services
  4. Sleep disturbance and depression in adolescence: an integrative review of literature
  5. Multiple behavioural risk factors of non-communicable diseases among adolescents in four Caribbean countries: prevalence and correlates
  6. The post 16 gap: how do young people conceptualise PE? An exploration of the barriers to participation in physical education, physical activity and sport in senior school pupils
  7. The effect of cognitive behavior therapy on body image and self-esteem in female adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  8. Polycystic ovary syndrome and reproductive health of women: a curious association
  9. Correlation between obesity, gestational diabetes mellitus, and pregnancy outcomes: an overview
  10. Mindfulness and eudaimonic well-being: the mediating roles of rumination and emotion dysregulation
  11. Acute neurological conditions during pregnancy and their management: a review
  12. Depression and anxiety in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: a literature survey
  13. Significance of sugar intake in young adults: a review
  14. Original Articles
  15. Prevalence and factors associated with smoking among Tunisian secondary school-adolescents
  16. Physical fitness and its association with overweight among early adolescents in Puducherry, Southern India
  17. Knowledge and awareness of individual sickle cell genotype among adolescents in a unity school in Southeast, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study
  18. Popular water pipe smoking, medical sciences students' awareness, perceptions, and motivations
  19. Investigation E-health literacy and correlates factors among Alborz medical sciences students: a cross sectional study
  20. Risk of eating disorders in university students: an international study in Hungary, Poland and Ukraine
  21. Prevalence and associated factors of oral and hand hygiene behaviour among adolescents in six Southeast Asian countries
  22. Assessment of academic performance of licensed athletes
  23. Gender-based differences in risk-taking behaviors among high school students in Southeast Iran
  24. Experience of sexual and gender minority youth when accessing health care in Turkey
  25. Use of modern contraceptives among advanced-level secondary school girls in the Rukwa Region, Tanzania, 2018
  26. The effect of poetry reading on self-concept of primary adolescents
  27. The association of acne and menstrual symptoms among young women (18–25 years) in Egypt: a population-based cross-sectional study
  28. Sexual risk behaviors and influencing factors among Muslim adolescents on southern border of Thailand
  29. Not just studies, but fitness can also get you the intelligence and the grades!!
  30. Effectiveness of a school-based intervention in Guatemala to increase knowledge of sexual and reproductive health
  31. Stressful life events and depressive symptoms among adolescents in Malaysia: the mediating role of maladaptive cognitive schema
  32. Sexual risk behaviour and its correlates among adolescents in Indonesia, Laos, Thailand and Timor-Leste: results from national school surveys in 2015
  33. Utilization rate and factors influencing the use of HIV counseling and testing services among young females: a community-based study from Nigeria
  34. Pattern and quitting of tobacco smoking among Egyptian university students
  35. Association between parents and peer attachment with health locus of control: a cross-sectional study among Iranian adolescents
  36. Body dissatisfaction and its association with domains of physical activity and of sedentary behavior in a sample of 15,632 adolescents
  37. Effect of Bhramari pranayama practice on simple reaction time in healthy adolescents – a randomized control trial
  38. Short Communications
  39. Survey of school nurses’ experiences of providing counselling on sexual orientation to high school students in Japan
  40. Prevalence and correlates of fruit and vegetable consumption among adolescents in Laos
Sign up now to receive a 20% welcome discount
Institutional Access
How does access work?
Have an idea on how to improve our website?
Please write us.
© 2025 De Gruyter Brill
Downloaded on 8.9.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/ijamh-2021-0031/html
Scroll to top button