Startseite Brown adipose tissue as an endocrine organ: updates on the emerging role of batokines
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Brown adipose tissue as an endocrine organ: updates on the emerging role of batokines

  • Fabiane Ferreira Martins ORCID logo , Vanessa Souza-Mello ORCID logo , Marcia Barbosa Aguila ORCID logo und Carlos Alberto Mandarim-de-Lacerda ORCID logo EMAIL logo
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 26. Oktober 2022
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Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation
Aus der Zeitschrift Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation Band 44 Heft 2

Abstract

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) remains active in adults, oxidizing fatty acids or glucose and releasing energy in the form of heat. Brown adipocytes and enhanced thermogenesis are targets for treating obesity and its comorbidities. BAT shows high synthesis activity and secretes several signaling molecules. The brown adipokines, or batokines, take action in an autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine manner. Batokines have a role in the homeostasis of the cardiovascular system, central nervous system, white adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle and exert beneficial effects on BAT. The systemic function of batokines gives BAT an endocrine organ profile. Besides, the batokines Fibroblast Growth Factor-21, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A, Bone Morphogenetic Protein 8, Neuregulin 4, Myostatin, and Interleukin-6 emerge as targets to treat obesity and its comorbidities, deserving attention. This review outlines the role of six emerging batokines on BAT and their cross-talk with other organs, focusing on their physiological significance and diet-induced changes.

Highlights

  • – Brown adipose tissue is a therapeutic target to combat obesity and its comorbidities by modulating the batokines profile and activating thermogenic activity.

  • – FGF21 is released by BAT during thermogenesis and exerts beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system.

  • – VEGF-A is the batokine that regulates BAT by autocrine mechanisms and promotes the maintenance of angiogenesis and thermogenesis.

  • – BMP8 is expressed during thermogenesis and promotes the regulation of energy metabolism between the hypothalamus and the BAT.

  • – NRG-4 is a batokine that belongs to the epidermal growth factor family members and exerts beneficial effects on the liver and insulin resistance.

  • – Myostatin is a batokine harmful to skeletal muscle, and BAT activation is a significant target to avoid myostatin’s deleterious effects on muscle bioenergetics.

  • – IL-6 improves glucose metabolism in adipocytes and the liver and acts in the maintenance of thermogenesis.

  • – Batokines represent promising therapeutic targets for treating obesity and its comorbidities.

Keywords: batokines; bone morphogenetic protein 8; fibroblast growth factor-21; neuregulin 4; vascular endothelial growth factor A
Corresponding author: Carlos Alberto Mandarim-de-Lacerda, Laboratório de Morfometria, Metabolismo e Doença Cardiovascular, Centro Biomédico, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Av 28 de Setembro 87 fds, 20551-030, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, Phone: +55 21 2868 8316, Fax: 2868 8033, E-mail: , www.lmmc.uerj.br

Funding source: Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro

Award Identifier / Grant number: E-26/200.796/2021

Award Identifier / Grant number: E-26/200.936/2021

Award Identifier / Grant number: E-26/200.984/2022

Award Identifier / Grant number: E-26/201.859/2020

Funding source: Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃ-fico e Tecnológico

Award Identifier / Grant number: 302.920/ 2016-1

Award Identifier / Grant number: 303.785/2020-9

Award Identifier / Grant number: 305.865/2017-0

Award Identifier / Grant number: 40.60.81/2018-2

  1. Research funding: This work was supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brazil) (CNPq, Grant No 302.920/ 2016-1 and 40.60.81/2018-2 to CAML, 305.865/2017-0 to MBA, and 303785/2020-9 to VS-M), Fundaçao Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (Faperj, E-26/200.936/2021 to CAML, E-26/200.796/2021 to MBA, E-26/201.859/2020 to FFM, and E-26/200.984/2022 to VS-M).

  2. Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission. All authors contributed equally to this manuscript.

  3. Competing interests: Authors state no conflict of interest.

  4. Ethical approval: The conducted research is not related to either human or animal use.

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Supplementary Material

The online version of this article offers supplementary material (https://doi.org/10.1515/hmbci-2022-0044).

Received: 2022-05-07
Accepted: 2022-09-20
Published Online: 2022-10-26

© 2022 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Letter to the Editor
  3. The role of gut microbiota in etiopathogenesis of long COVID syndrome
  4. Original Articles
  5. Risk factors and inflammatory markers in acute coronary syndrome-ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)
  6. Association of pro-inflammatory cytokines, inflammatory proteins with atherosclerosis index in obese male subjects
  7. Exploration of meteorin-like peptide (metrnl) predictors in type 2 diabetic patients: the potential role of irisin, and other biochemical parameters
  8. Distinct urinary progesterone metabolite profiles during the luteal phase
  9. Promoter methylation levels of RASSF1 and ATIC genes are associated with lung cancer in Iranian patients
  10. Population status of selenium in Colombia and associated factors: a cross-sectional study
  11. Bambusa vulgaris leaves reverse mitochondria dysfunction in diabetic rats through modulation of mitochondria biogenic genes
  12. Increased expression of androgen receptor and PSA genes in LNCaP (prostate cancer) cell line due to high concentrations of EGCG, an active ingredient in green tea
  13. The effects of endurance exercise and metformin on memory impairment caused by diabetes
  14. Exercise modulation in inflammation and metabolic hormonal disorders of COVID-19 to decrease risk factors in coronary heart disease
  15. The effect of co-administration of artemisinin and N-acetyl cysteine on antioxidant status, spermatological parameters and histopathology of testis in adult male mice
  16. Case Report
  17. Unilateral ovarian agenesis with ipsilateral tubal presence – report of a case
  18. Review Articles
  19. Brown adipose tissue as an endocrine organ: updates on the emerging role of batokines
  20. Zuranolone and its role in treating major depressive disorder: a narrative review
https://doi.org/10.1515/hmbci-2022-0044
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
batokines; bone morphogenetic protein 8; fibroblast growth factor-21; neuregulin 4; vascular endothelial growth factor A

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Letter to the Editor
  3. The role of gut microbiota in etiopathogenesis of long COVID syndrome
  4. Original Articles
  5. Risk factors and inflammatory markers in acute coronary syndrome-ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)
  6. Association of pro-inflammatory cytokines, inflammatory proteins with atherosclerosis index in obese male subjects
  7. Exploration of meteorin-like peptide (metrnl) predictors in type 2 diabetic patients: the potential role of irisin, and other biochemical parameters
  8. Distinct urinary progesterone metabolite profiles during the luteal phase
  9. Promoter methylation levels of RASSF1 and ATIC genes are associated with lung cancer in Iranian patients
  10. Population status of selenium in Colombia and associated factors: a cross-sectional study
  11. Bambusa vulgaris leaves reverse mitochondria dysfunction in diabetic rats through modulation of mitochondria biogenic genes
  12. Increased expression of androgen receptor and PSA genes in LNCaP (prostate cancer) cell line due to high concentrations of EGCG, an active ingredient in green tea
  13. The effects of endurance exercise and metformin on memory impairment caused by diabetes
  14. Exercise modulation in inflammation and metabolic hormonal disorders of COVID-19 to decrease risk factors in coronary heart disease
  15. The effect of co-administration of artemisinin and N-acetyl cysteine on antioxidant status, spermatological parameters and histopathology of testis in adult male mice
  16. Case Report
  17. Unilateral ovarian agenesis with ipsilateral tubal presence – report of a case
  18. Review Articles
  19. Brown adipose tissue as an endocrine organ: updates on the emerging role of batokines
  20. Zuranolone and its role in treating major depressive disorder: a narrative review
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