Processing-independent proANP measurement for low concentrations in plasma: reference intervals and effect of body mass index and plasma glucose
-
Peter D. Mark
Abstract
Background:
Decreased concentrations of pro-atrial-derived natriuretic peptides (proABP) in plasma have been associated with obesity and suggested as a predictor of type 2 diabetes. However, assays for measuring proANP are generally aimed to quantitate higher concentrations of proANP associated with cardiac disease. Therefore, we aimed to measure plasma proANP concentrations in a non-obese Scandinavian reference material and evaluate potential associations of plasma proANP with body mass index (BMI) and plasma glucose, respectively.
Methods:
We report an optimized processing-independent assay (PIA) for proANP in the lower concentration range. The assay was optimized by raising the amount of radioactive tracer and modifying the mixing ratio of resuspended plasma and buffer. Blood samples from a Scandinavian plasma cohort of 693 healthy subjects were then analyzed and age and gender-specific reference intervals were determined.
Results:
Simple linear regression analyses of proANP and both BMI and plasma glucose in fasting subjects displayed insignificant associations. Multiple regression analyses supported these findings. However, a higher median plasma concentration of proANP was noted among women <50 years compared to men, whereas no gender-specific differences were seen in other age groups.
Conclusions:
Our results show that in a healthy non-obese population, BMI and plasma glucose in fasting subjects do not affect plasma proANP concentrations. Our method should be considered for future studies on low proANP concentration studies, e.g. in obesity and diabetes.
Acknowledgments
We are grateful to laboratory technician Anne Truesen Asanovski for her expertise regarding assay techniques.
Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
Research funding: An unrestricted research grant from the Novo Nordisk Foundation.
Employment or leadership: None declared.
Honorarium: None declared.
Competing interests: The funding organization(s) played no role in the study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the report for publication.
References
1. Wang TJ, Larson MG, Levy D, Benjamin EJ, Leip EP, Wilson PW, et al. Impact of obesity on plasma natriuretic peptide levels. Circulation 2004;109:594–600.10.1161/01.CIR.0000112582.16683.EASuche in Google Scholar PubMed
2. Zois NE, Bartels ED, Hunter I, Kousholt BS, Olsen LH, Goetze JP. Natriuretic peptides in cardiometabolic regulation and disease. Nat Rev Cardiol 2014;11:403–12.10.1038/nrcardio.2014.64Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
3. Magnusson M, Jujic A, Hedblad B, Engström G, Persson M, Struck J, et al. Low plasma level of atrial natriuretic peptide predicts development of diabetes: the prospective Malmö diet and cancer study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012;97:638–45.10.1210/jc.2011-2425Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
4. Gaggin HK, Januzzi JL Jr. Biomarkers and diagnostics in heart failure. Biochim Biophys Acta 2013;1832:2442–50.10.1016/j.bbadis.2012.12.014Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
5. Goetze JP, Hansen LH, Terzic D, Zois NE, Albrethsen J, Timm A, et al. Atrial natriuretic peptides in plasma. Clin Chim Acta 2015;443:25–8.10.1016/j.cca.2014.08.017Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
6. Owan TE, Hodge DO, Herges RM, Jacobsen SJ, Roger VL, Redfield MM. Trends in prevalence and outcome of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. N Engl J Med 2006;355:251–9.10.1056/NEJMoa052256Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
7. Hunter I, Rehfeld JF, Goetze JP. Measurement of the total proANP product in mammals by processing independent analysis. J Immunol Methods 2011;370:104–10.10.1016/j.jim.2011.06.005Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
8. Rustad P, Simonsson P, Felding P, Pedersen M. Nordic reference interval project bio-bank and database (NOBIDA): a source for future estimation and retrospective evaluation of reference intervals. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2004;64:431–8.10.1080/00365510410006694Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
9. Felding P, Rustad P, Mårtensson A, Kairisto V, Franzson L, Hyltoft Petersen P, et al. Reference individuals, blood collection, treatment of samples and descriptive data from the questionnaire in the nordic reference interval project 2000. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2004;64:327–42.10.1080/00365510410006630Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
10. Hunter I, Alehagen U, Dahlström U, Rehfeld JF, Crimmins DL, Goetze JP. N-terminal pro-atrial natriuretic peptide measurement in plasma suggests covalent modification. Clin Chem 2011;57:1327–30.10.1373/clinchem.2011.166330Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
11. Arora P, Wu C, Hamid T, Arora G, Agha O, Allen K, et al. Acute metabolic influences on the natriuretic peptide system in humans. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016;67:804–12.10.1016/j.jacc.2015.11.049Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
12. Rehfeld JF, Goetze JP. The posttranslational phase of gene expression: new possibilities in molecular diagnosis. Curr Mol Med 2003;3:25–38.10.2174/1566524033361717Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
13. Gøtze JP, Hunter I, Lippert SK, Bardram L, Rehfeld JF. Processing-independent analysis of peptide hormones and prohormones in plasma. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed.) 2012;17:1804–15.10.2741/4020Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
14. Armbruster DA, Pry T. Limit of blank, limit of detection and limit of quantitation. Clin Biochem Rev 2008;29(Suppl 1): S49–52.Suche in Google Scholar
15. Goetze JP, Mogelvang R, Maage L, Scharling H, Schnohr P, Sogaard P, et al. Plasma pro-B-type natriuretic peptide in the general population: screening for left ventricular hypertrophy and systolic dysfunction. Eur Heart J 2006;27:3004–10.10.1093/eurheartj/ehl406Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
16. Rifai N, Horvath AR, Wittwer CT. Tietz textbook of clinical chemistry and molecular diagnostics, 6th ed. Elsevier, 2012.Suche in Google Scholar
17. Solberg HE. The IFCC recommendation on estimation of reference intervals. The RefVal program. Clin Chem Lab Med 2004;42:710–4.10.1515/CCLM.2004.121Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
18. Clerico A, Del Ry S, Maffei S, Prontera C, Emdin M, Giannessi D. The circulating levels of cardiac natriuretic hormones in healthy adults: effects of age and sex. Clin Chem Lab Med 2002;40: 371–7.10.1515/CCLM.2002.060Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
19. Hamada M, Shigematsu Y, Takezaki M, Ikeda S, Ogimoto A. Plasma levels of atrial and brain natriuretic peptides in apparently healthy subjects: effects of sex, age, and hemoglobin concentration. Int J Cardiol 2016;228:599–604.10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.11.197Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
20. Tzikas S, Keller T, Wild PS, Schulz A, Zwiener I, Zeller T, et al. Midregional pro-atrial natriuretic peptide in the general population/Insights from the Gutenberg health study. Clin Chem Lab Med 2013;51:1125–33.10.1515/cclm-2012-0541Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
21. Clerico A, Passino C, Emdin M. When gonads talk to the heart sex hormones and cardiac endocrine function. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011;58:627–8.10.1016/j.jacc.2011.03.043Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
©2018 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Editorial
- Method comparison – a practical approach based on error identification
- Review
- Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as a risk marker in cardiovascular disease
- Mini Reviews
- α-Defensin point-of-care test for diagnosis of prosthetic joint infections: neglected role of laboratory and clinical pathologists
- The diagnostic accuracy of biomarkers for diagnosis of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) in anti-mitochondrial antibody (AMA)-negative PBC patients: a review of literature
- Opinion Paper
- New issues on measurement of B-type natriuretic peptides
- Genetics and Molecular Diagnostics
- The SEeMORE strategy: single-tube electrophoresis analysis-based genotyping to detect monogenic diseases rapidly and effectively from conception until birth
- General Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine
- Determination of serum calcium levels by 42Ca isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
- The effects of dry ice exposure on plasma pH and coagulation analyses
- Placental protein-13 (PP13) in combination with PAPP-A and free leptin index (fLI) in first trimester maternal serum screening for severe and early preeclampsia
- Circulating CD89-IgA complex does not predict deterioration of kidney function in Korean patients with IgA nephropathy
- Performance analysis of automated evaluation of Crithidia luciliae-based indirect immunofluorescence tests in a routine setting – strengths and weaknesses
- Performance of automated digital cell imaging analyzer Sysmex DI-60
- Reference Values and Biological Variations
- Determination of reference intervals for urinary steroid profiling using a newly validated GC-MS/MS method
- Reference intervals and longitudinal changes in copeptin and MR-proADM concentrations during pregnancy
- Definition of the upper reference limit of glycated albumin in blood donors from Italy
- Reference values of fecal calgranulin C (S100A12) in school aged children and adolescents
- Processing-independent proANP measurement for low concentrations in plasma: reference intervals and effect of body mass index and plasma glucose
- Cancer Diagnostics
- Cancer sniffer dogs: how can we translate this peculiarity in laboratory medicine? Results of a pilot study on gastrointestinal cancers
- Cardiovascular Diseases
- NGAL and MMP-9/NGAL as biomarkers of plaque vulnerability and targets of statins in patients with carotid atherosclerosis
- Analytical evaluation of the new Beckman Coulter Access high sensitivity cardiac troponin I immunoassay
- Infectious Diseases
- Analytical evaluation of the performances of Diazyme and BRAHMS procalcitonin applied to Roche Cobas in comparison with BRAHMS PCT-sensitive Kryptor
- Effects of procalcitonin testing on antibiotic use and clinical outcomes in patients with upper respiratory tract infections. An individual patient data meta-analysis
- Acknowledgment
- Letters to the Editor
- Handling the altered test results of hemolyzed samples. Recommendations of the Quality, Management, Safety and Evidence Committee (CCGSE) of the Spanish Association of Medical Biopathology and Laboratory Medicine (AEBM-ML)
- Reply to: Analytical evaluation of the performances of Diazyme and BRAHMS procalcitonin applied to Roche Cobas in comparison with BRAHMS PCT-sensitive Kryptor
- Excessive hypercortisolemia due to ectopic Cushing’s syndrome requiring extending the reportable range for plasma cortisol for management
- Heavy chain disease: our experience
- An abnormal elevation of serum CA72-4 due to taking colchicine
- Rivaroxaban non-responders: do plasma measurements have a place?
- Next generation sequencing and immuno-histochemistry profiling identify numerous biomarkers for personalized therapy of endometrioid endometrial carcinoma
- A multicenter effort to improve comparability of vitamin B6 assays in whole blood
- PR3-anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) in ulcerative colitis
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Editorial
- Method comparison – a practical approach based on error identification
- Review
- Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as a risk marker in cardiovascular disease
- Mini Reviews
- α-Defensin point-of-care test for diagnosis of prosthetic joint infections: neglected role of laboratory and clinical pathologists
- The diagnostic accuracy of biomarkers for diagnosis of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) in anti-mitochondrial antibody (AMA)-negative PBC patients: a review of literature
- Opinion Paper
- New issues on measurement of B-type natriuretic peptides
- Genetics and Molecular Diagnostics
- The SEeMORE strategy: single-tube electrophoresis analysis-based genotyping to detect monogenic diseases rapidly and effectively from conception until birth
- General Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine
- Determination of serum calcium levels by 42Ca isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
- The effects of dry ice exposure on plasma pH and coagulation analyses
- Placental protein-13 (PP13) in combination with PAPP-A and free leptin index (fLI) in first trimester maternal serum screening for severe and early preeclampsia
- Circulating CD89-IgA complex does not predict deterioration of kidney function in Korean patients with IgA nephropathy
- Performance analysis of automated evaluation of Crithidia luciliae-based indirect immunofluorescence tests in a routine setting – strengths and weaknesses
- Performance of automated digital cell imaging analyzer Sysmex DI-60
- Reference Values and Biological Variations
- Determination of reference intervals for urinary steroid profiling using a newly validated GC-MS/MS method
- Reference intervals and longitudinal changes in copeptin and MR-proADM concentrations during pregnancy
- Definition of the upper reference limit of glycated albumin in blood donors from Italy
- Reference values of fecal calgranulin C (S100A12) in school aged children and adolescents
- Processing-independent proANP measurement for low concentrations in plasma: reference intervals and effect of body mass index and plasma glucose
- Cancer Diagnostics
- Cancer sniffer dogs: how can we translate this peculiarity in laboratory medicine? Results of a pilot study on gastrointestinal cancers
- Cardiovascular Diseases
- NGAL and MMP-9/NGAL as biomarkers of plaque vulnerability and targets of statins in patients with carotid atherosclerosis
- Analytical evaluation of the new Beckman Coulter Access high sensitivity cardiac troponin I immunoassay
- Infectious Diseases
- Analytical evaluation of the performances of Diazyme and BRAHMS procalcitonin applied to Roche Cobas in comparison with BRAHMS PCT-sensitive Kryptor
- Effects of procalcitonin testing on antibiotic use and clinical outcomes in patients with upper respiratory tract infections. An individual patient data meta-analysis
- Acknowledgment
- Letters to the Editor
- Handling the altered test results of hemolyzed samples. Recommendations of the Quality, Management, Safety and Evidence Committee (CCGSE) of the Spanish Association of Medical Biopathology and Laboratory Medicine (AEBM-ML)
- Reply to: Analytical evaluation of the performances of Diazyme and BRAHMS procalcitonin applied to Roche Cobas in comparison with BRAHMS PCT-sensitive Kryptor
- Excessive hypercortisolemia due to ectopic Cushing’s syndrome requiring extending the reportable range for plasma cortisol for management
- Heavy chain disease: our experience
- An abnormal elevation of serum CA72-4 due to taking colchicine
- Rivaroxaban non-responders: do plasma measurements have a place?
- Next generation sequencing and immuno-histochemistry profiling identify numerous biomarkers for personalized therapy of endometrioid endometrial carcinoma
- A multicenter effort to improve comparability of vitamin B6 assays in whole blood
- PR3-anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) in ulcerative colitis
