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Cancer sniffer dogs: how can we translate this peculiarity in laboratory medicine? Results of a pilot study on gastrointestinal cancers

  • Concetta Panebianco , Edgar Kelman , Kristel Vene , Domenica Gioffreda , Francesca Tavano , Raivo Vilu , Fulvia Terracciano , Illar Pata , Kaarel Adamberg , Angelo Andriulli and Valerio Pazienza EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: June 7, 2017
Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM)
From the journal Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) Volume 56 Issue 1

Abstract

Background:

Identification of cancer biomarkers to allow early diagnosis is an urgent need for many types of tumors, whose prognosis strongly depends on the stage of the disease. Canine olfactory testing for detecting cancer is an emerging field of investigation. As an alternative, here we propose to use GC-Olfactometry (GC/O), which enables the speeding up of targeted biomarker identification and analysis. A pilot study was conducted in order to determine odor-active compounds in urine that discriminate patients with gastrointestinal cancers from control samples (healthy people).

Methods:

Headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME)-GC/MS and GC-olfactometry (GC/O) analysis were performed on urine samples obtained from gastrointestinal cancer patients and healthy controls.

Results:

In total, 91 key odor-active compounds were found in the urine samples. Although no odor-active biomarkers present were found in cancer carrier’s urine, significant differences were discovered in the odor activities of 11 compounds in the urine of healthy and diseased people. Seven of above mentioned compounds were identified: thiophene, 2-methoxythiophene, dimethyl disulphide, 3-methyl-2-pentanone, 4-(or 5-)methyl-3-hexanone, 4-ethyl guaiacol and phenylacetic acid. The other four compounds remained unknown.

Conclusions:

GC/O has a big potential to identify compounds not detectable using untargeted GC/MS approach. This paves the way for further research aimed at improving and validating the performance of this technique so that the identified cancer-associated compounds may be introduced as biomarkers in clinical practice to support early cancer diagnosis.

Keywords: cancer sniffer dogs; gastrointestinal cancer; VOC
Corresponding author: Dr. Valerio Pazienza, Gastroenterology Unit, I.R.C.C.S. “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” Hospital, viale dei Cappuccini n.1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy, Phone: +39-(0)882.416281, Fax: +39-(0)882.416271
aConcetta Panebianco and Edgar Kelman contributed equally to this work.

Acknowledgments

The authors thank for the kind contribution of the spouses Mrs. Di Paola and Mr. Grimaldi ad memoriam of her beloved mother for the scientific research through Fondazione Italiana Biologi (FIB) (Grant/Award Number: “GAS16”).

  1. Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.

  2. Research funding: The study was supported by a grant from the Italian Ministry of Health through Division of Gastroenterology (RC1403GA41 and RC1503GA40 to VP) IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” Hospital and by the “5×1000” voluntary contributions. This research was supported also by European Regional Development Fund to Competence Center of Food and Fermentation Technologies (EU48667) and Institutional Research Funding to Tallinn University of Technology (IUT 19-27) of the Estonian Ministry of Education and Research and Industrie Alimentari Tamma s.r.l. (RV16GASTAMMA).

  3. Employment or leadership: None declared.

  4. Honorarium: None declared.

  5. Competing interests: The funding organization(s) played no role in the study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the report for publication.

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Received: 2016-12-19
Accepted: 2017-4-16
Published Online: 2017-6-7
Published in Print: 2017-11-27

©2018 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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  34. Acknowledgment
  35. Letters to the Editor
  36. Handling the altered test results of hemolyzed samples. Recommendations of the Quality, Management, Safety and Evidence Committee (CCGSE) of the Spanish Association of Medical Biopathology and Laboratory Medicine (AEBM-ML)
  37. Reply to: Analytical evaluation of the performances of Diazyme and BRAHMS procalcitonin applied to Roche Cobas in comparison with BRAHMS PCT-sensitive Kryptor
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  42. Next generation sequencing and immuno-histochemistry profiling identify numerous biomarkers for personalized therapy of endometrioid endometrial carcinoma
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https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2016-1158
Keywords for this article
cancer sniffer dogs; gastrointestinal cancer; VOC

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Editorial
  3. Method comparison – a practical approach based on error identification
  4. Review
  5. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as a risk marker in cardiovascular disease
  6. Mini Reviews
  7. α-Defensin point-of-care test for diagnosis of prosthetic joint infections: neglected role of laboratory and clinical pathologists
  8. The diagnostic accuracy of biomarkers for diagnosis of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) in anti-mitochondrial antibody (AMA)-negative PBC patients: a review of literature
  9. Opinion Paper
  10. New issues on measurement of B-type natriuretic peptides
  11. Genetics and Molecular Diagnostics
  12. The SEeMORE strategy: single-tube electrophoresis analysis-based genotyping to detect monogenic diseases rapidly and effectively from conception until birth
  13. General Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine
  14. Determination of serum calcium levels by 42Ca isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
  15. The effects of dry ice exposure on plasma pH and coagulation analyses
  16. Placental protein-13 (PP13) in combination with PAPP-A and free leptin index (fLI) in first trimester maternal serum screening for severe and early preeclampsia
  17. Circulating CD89-IgA complex does not predict deterioration of kidney function in Korean patients with IgA nephropathy
  18. Performance analysis of automated evaluation of Crithidia luciliae-based indirect immunofluorescence tests in a routine setting – strengths and weaknesses
  19. Performance of automated digital cell imaging analyzer Sysmex DI-60
  20. Reference Values and Biological Variations
  21. Determination of reference intervals for urinary steroid profiling using a newly validated GC-MS/MS method
  22. Reference intervals and longitudinal changes in copeptin and MR-proADM concentrations during pregnancy
  23. Definition of the upper reference limit of glycated albumin in blood donors from Italy
  24. Reference values of fecal calgranulin C (S100A12) in school aged children and adolescents
  25. Processing-independent proANP measurement for low concentrations in plasma: reference intervals and effect of body mass index and plasma glucose
  26. Cancer Diagnostics
  27. Cancer sniffer dogs: how can we translate this peculiarity in laboratory medicine? Results of a pilot study on gastrointestinal cancers
  28. Cardiovascular Diseases
  29. NGAL and MMP-9/NGAL as biomarkers of plaque vulnerability and targets of statins in patients with carotid atherosclerosis
  30. Analytical evaluation of the new Beckman Coulter Access high sensitivity cardiac troponin I immunoassay
  31. Infectious Diseases
  32. Analytical evaluation of the performances of Diazyme and BRAHMS procalcitonin applied to Roche Cobas in comparison with BRAHMS PCT-sensitive Kryptor
  33. Effects of procalcitonin testing on antibiotic use and clinical outcomes in patients with upper respiratory tract infections. An individual patient data meta-analysis
  34. Acknowledgment
  35. Letters to the Editor
  36. Handling the altered test results of hemolyzed samples. Recommendations of the Quality, Management, Safety and Evidence Committee (CCGSE) of the Spanish Association of Medical Biopathology and Laboratory Medicine (AEBM-ML)
  37. Reply to: Analytical evaluation of the performances of Diazyme and BRAHMS procalcitonin applied to Roche Cobas in comparison with BRAHMS PCT-sensitive Kryptor
  38. Excessive hypercortisolemia due to ectopic Cushing’s syndrome requiring extending the reportable range for plasma cortisol for management
  39. Heavy chain disease: our experience
  40. An abnormal elevation of serum CA72-4 due to taking colchicine
  41. Rivaroxaban non-responders: do plasma measurements have a place?
  42. Next generation sequencing and immuno-histochemistry profiling identify numerous biomarkers for personalized therapy of endometrioid endometrial carcinoma
  43. A multicenter effort to improve comparability of vitamin B6 assays in whole blood
  44. PR3-anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) in ulcerative colitis
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