Ependymal tables designated for differentiation of the ependyma based on the adjacent periventricular structures
-
Alexander Mitro
und
Alexander Kiss
Abstract
The ependyma, lining of the brain ventricular system, is a heterogeneous structure. The brain ventricles, including the lateral-, third-, fourth-, and mesencephalic ones and cerebral aqueduct, are covered by a single uninterrupted layer, composed of squamous to columnar ependymocytes, possessing cilia, microvilli or cytoplasmic protrusions. Small ependymal areas are considered to be functionally different and therefore, accurate and systematic classification of ependymal areas might be helpful to perform mutual comparisons of the same types of ependymal areas under different experimental conditions. Thus, the aim of the present study was to create an anatomical guide that will be able to offer an easy and repeatable technique for the selection of anatomically precisely identified small ependymal areas. For this purpose, the periventricular structures, as a stable part of brain, localized most closely to the brain ventricle walls, were chosen as reference points. Classification of the ependymal areas is presented in a form of tables, i.e. ependymal tables, which prevent of an interchange of different types of ependymal areas, avoiding of their misinterpretation. Each table brings all the information needed to localize the selected ependymal sector in 5 columns, indicating: (1) the number of the frontal sections; (2) the labelling of the ventricle walls; (3) Latin names of the periventricular structures; (4) abbreviations of the periventricular structures; and (5) the final designation of the selected ependymal areas. The final designation of a small ependymal area is composed of several letters (e.g., "LvE-ca", where Lv = lateral ventricle, E = ependyma, and ca = caudate nucleus). The proposed anatomical classification of the ependymal lining represents an original approach with more unambiguous classification of ependymal areas than is only a structural naming of ependyma. This anatomical guide will be helpful in performing of an accurate mutual comparison of the same types of ependymal areas under different experimental conditions as well as a possibility to compare mutually the data from different morphological/biochemical studies.
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- Abbreviations (Latin/English; see http://www.unifr.ch/ifaa/)
- ac
adrenalis cellulae (adrenergic cells)
- ap
area postrema (area postrema)
- ar
area retrochiasmatica (retrochiasmatic area)
- ca
nucleus caudatus (caudate nucleus)
- cc
corpus cal-losum (corpus callosum)
- em
eminentia medialis (medial eminence)
- f
fastigium (fastigium)
- fh
fimbria hippocampi (fim-bria of hippocampus)
- fi
foramen interventriculare (interventricular foramen)
- h
hippocampus (hippocampus)
- hl
nucleus habenularis lateralis (lateral habenular nucleus)
- hm
nucleus habenularis medialis (medial habenular nucleus)
- lc
locus coeruleus (locus coeruleus)
- na
nucleus arcuatus (arcuate nucleus)
- nac
nucleus accumbens (accumbens nucleus)
- nah
nucleus anterior hypothalami (anterior hypothalamic nucleus)
- nbla
nucleus basalis lateralis amygdalae (basolateral amygdaloid nucleus)
- ncp
nucleus cochlearis posterior (posterior cochlear nucleus)
- ndm
nucleus dorsomedialis (dorsomedial nucleus)
- nist
nucleus interstitialis striae terminalis (bed nucleus of the stria terminalis)
- nmm
nucleus mammillaris medialis (medial nucleus of the mammillar body)
- np
nucleus praepositus (prepositus nucleus)
- npep
nucleus periventricularis posterior (posterior periventricular nucleus)
- npev
nucleus periventricularis ventralis (anterior periventricular nucleus)
- nph
nucleus posterior hypothalami (posterior nucleus of the hypothalamus)
- npm
nucleus praeopticus medialis (medial preoptic nucleus)
- npmd
nucleus premammillaris dorsalis (dorsal premammillary nucleus)
- npmv
nucleus premammillaris ventralis (ventral premammillary nucleus)
- npp
nucleus praeopticus periventricularis (periventricular preoptic nucleus)
- npt
nucleus parataenialis (parataenial nucleus)
- npv
nucleus paraventricularis hypothalami (paraventricular nucleus)
- npvt
nucleus paraventricularis thalami (paraventricular nucleus of thalamus)
- nr
nucleus raphes (nuclei raphes)
- nsc
nucleus suprachi-asmaticus (suprachiasmatic nucleus)
- nsd
nucleus septalis dorsalis (dorsal septal nucleus)
- nsg
nucleus suprageniculatus (suprageniculate nucleus)
- nsl
nucleus septalis lateralis (lateral septal nucleus)
- nsm
nucleus septalis medialis (medial septal nucleus)
- nsu
nucleus supramammillaris (supramammillary nucleus)
- ntp
nucleus tegmentalis posterior (posterior tegmental nucleus)
- ntpl
nucleus tegmentalis posterolateralis (posterolateral tegmental nucleus)
- nts
nuclei tractus solitar-ius (nuclei of the solitary tract)
- nvm
nucleus ventromedialis hypothalami (ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus)
- nvs
nucleus vestibularis superior (superior vestibular nucleus)
- o
obex (obex)
- ovlt
organum vasculosum laminae terminalis (vascular organ of the lamina terminalis)
- p
putamen (putamen)
- pt
nucleus parataenialis (parataenial nucleus)
- ri
reces-sus infundibulais (infundibular recess)
- rl
recessus lateralis (lateral recess)
- rp
recessus pinealis (pineal recess)
- rt
recessus triangularis (triangular nucleus)
- sco
organun subcommissurale (subcommissural organ)
- sfo
organun subfornicale (sub-fornical organ)
- sgc
substantia grisea centralis (periaqueductal gray substance)
- smv
velum medullare superius (superior medullary velum)
- tvq
tegmentum ventriculi quarti (roof of the fourth ventricle).
© 2016 Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences
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- The relationship between macrophyte assemblages and environmental variables in drainage and irrigation canals in Slovakia
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