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Use of N, N′-diacetylchitobiose in decreasing toxic effects of indoor air pollution by preventing oxidative DNA damage

  • Neeta A. Salgaonkar , Prasad M. Thakare , Manisha V. Junnarkar , Balasaheb P. Kapadnis , Abul Mandal , Cecilia Eriksson and Neelu N. Nawani EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: June 16, 2016
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Biologia
From the journal Biologia Volume 71 Issue 5

Abstract

Indoor air pollution occurs due to hazardous pollutants, such as tobacco smoke, pesticides and carbon oxides, sulphur oxides and nitrogen oxides arising from combustion of biomass fuels. Exposure to these pollutants results in respiratory conditions like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, pneumonia and other lower respiratory infections. Several of these infections are a result of inflammation and oxidative stress. Here we demonstrate the ability of N, N’-diacetylchitobiose in preventing oxidative DNA damage in peripheral blood mononuclear cells exposed to biomass smoke extracts and cigarette smoke extract. The cytotoxic effect of these pollutants was determined by trypan blue exclusion assay in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, where cytotoxicity in decreasing order was cigarette > wood > sawdust > cowdung. Cytotoxicity could be due to single- and double-strand breaks in the DNA as a result of oxidative stress. Comet assay measures the extent of DNA damage in the cells exposed to toxic agents. When mononuclear cells were treated with N, N′-diacetylchitobiose and later exposed to smoke extracts, the extent of DNA damage decreased by 44.5% and 57.5% as compared to untreated cells. The protection offered by N, N′-diacetylchitobiose towards oxidative DNA damage was at par with quercetin, a popular herbal medicine. Glutathione-S-transferase activity was determined in mononuclear cells exposed to smoke extracts, where oxidative stress in cells exposed to cigarette smoke extract was maximum. The present study demonstrates for the first time the ability of N, N′-diacetylchitobiose to alleviate the harmful effects of indoor air pollutants.

Key words: N, N′-diacetylchitobiose; comet assay; indoor air pollution; biomass smoke; cigarette smoke; cytotoxicity; glutathione-S-transferase

Acknowledgements

This study was supported by Department of Science and Technology (DST), New Delhi, Government of India, through the research grant (Grant No. SR/S0/HS/0022/ 2011). NS is thankful to DST for Junior Research Fellowship. This study was partly funded by Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA), Sweden, under the grant number AKT-2012-005. The authors are also thankful to Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, for the necessary infrastructure and support.

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Abbreviations
BSEs

biomass smoke extracts

COPD

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

COS

N-acetylated chi-tooligosaccharides

CSE

cigarette smoke extract

DMSO

dimethyl sulfoxide

(GlcNAc)2

N, N′-diacetylchitobiose

GST

glutathione-S-transferase

IAP

indoor air pollution

LPG

liquefied petroleum gas

OS

oxidative stress

PBMCs

peripheral blood mononuclear cells

PBS

phosphate buffered saline

ppm

parts per million

ROS

reactive oxygen species

SCGE

single cell gel electrophoresis

WHO

World Health Organization

Received: 2015-12-31
Accepted: 2016-5-9
Published Online: 2016-6-16
Published in Print: 2016-5-1

© 2016 Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences

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https://doi.org/10.1515/biolog-2016-0075
Keywords for this article
N, N′-diacetylchitobiose; comet assay; indoor air pollution; biomass smoke; cigarette smoke; cytotoxicity; glutathione-S-transferase

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Cellular and Molecular Biology
  2. A broad host range food-grade cloning vector for lactic acid bacteria
  3. Cellular and Molecular Biology
  4. Antimicrobial and morphogenic effects of emodin produced by A spergillus awamori WAIR120
  5. Cellular and Molecular Biology
  6. Herbal augmentation enhances malachite green bio degradation efficacy of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
  7. Cellular and Molecular Biology
  8. Efflux pump inhibitory activity of flavonoids isolated from Alpinia calcarata against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
  9. Cellular and Molecular Biology
  10. Status of metal pollution in rivers flowing through urban settlements at Pune and its effect on resident microflora
  11. Cellular and Molecular Biology
  12. Use of N, N′-diacetylchitobiose in decreasing toxic effects of indoor air pollution by preventing oxidative DNA damage
  13. Botany
  14. The relationship between macrophyte assemblages and environmental variables in drainage and irrigation canals in Slovakia
  15. Botany
  16. Effects of ZnCl2 on ROS generation, plasma membrane properties, and changes in protein expression in grapevine root explants
  17. Botany
  18. Molecular characterization and alternative splicing of a MYB transcription factor gene in tumourous stem mustard and its response to abiotic stresses
  19. Zoology
  20. First report of Gussevia asota (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae), destructive parasite of A stronotus ocellatus (Perciformes: Cichlidae) in Europe
  21. Zoology
  22. Response of the carpet shell clam (Ruditapes decussatus) and the Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) to salinity stress
  23. Zoology
  24. Biodiversity of zooplankton (Rotifera and crustacea) in water soldier (Stratiotes aloides) habitats
  25. Zoology
  26. Testing for longitudinal zonation of macroinvertebrate fauna along a small upland headwater stream in two seasons
  27. Zoology
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  31. Cellular and Molecular Biology
  32. Ependymal tables designated for differentiation of the ependyma based on the adjacent periventricular structures
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