Abstract
Comparing the behaviour of subjects randomly allocated to perform tasks and tests online or in the lab, I find that the setting influences males’ and females’ behaviour differently. Males are more selfish in the online setting than in the lab, while females are more risk-averse when they answer online compared to the lab. Interestingly, performance in math is influenced by the setting for females: online they perform better. The gender gap in numeracy closes online, while it is present in the lab, where males solve more math problems. This work provides preliminary evidence on how gender differences and gaps can be altered by the setting. As online settings have become more and more common practice in running experiments and have started to be used also in education, it is important to understand the consequences that this shift implies also relative to gender differences and gaps.
References
Andreoni, J., and C. Sprenger. 2012. “Estimating Time Preferences from Convex Budgets.” The American Economic Review 102 (7): 3333–56. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.102.7.3333.Suche in Google Scholar
Andreoni, J., and L. Vesterlund. 2001. “Which Is the Fair Sex? Gender Differences in Altruism.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 116 (1): 293–312. https://doi.org/10.1162/003355301556419.Suche in Google Scholar
Andreoni, J., M. A. Kuhn, and C. Sprenger. 2015. “Measuring Time Preferences: A Comparison of Experimental Methods.” Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 116: 451–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2015.05.018.Suche in Google Scholar
Borgonovi, F. 2022. “Is the Literacy Achievement of Teenage Boys Poorer Than that of Teenage Girls, or Do Estimates of Gender Gaps Depend on the Test? A Comparison of PISA and PIAAC.” Journal of Educational Psychology 114 (2): 239. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000659.Suche in Google Scholar
Brañas-Garza, P., D. Jorrat, A. M. Espín, and A. Sánchez. 2023. “Paid and Hypothetical Time Preferences Are the Same: Lab, Field and Online Evidence.” Experimental Economics 26: 412–34, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10683-022-09776-5.Suche in Google Scholar
Buso, I. M., D. Di Cagno, L. Ferrari, V. Larocca, L. Lor`e, F. Marazzi, L. Panaccione, and L. Spadoni. 2021. “Lab-like Findings from Online Experiments.” Journal of the Economic Science Association 7 (2): 184–93. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40881-021-00114-8.Suche in Google Scholar
Charness, G., and U. Gneezy. 2012. “Strong Evidence for Gender Differences in Risk Taking.” Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 83 (1): 50–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2011.06.007.Suche in Google Scholar
Croson, R., and U. Gneezy. 2009. “Gender Differences in Preferences.” Journal of Economic Literature 47 (2): 448–74. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.47.2.448.Suche in Google Scholar
d’Adda, G., M. Dufwenberg, F. Passarelli, and G. Tabellini. 2020. “Social Norms with Private Values: Theory and Experiments.” Games and Economic Behavior 124: 288–304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geb.2020.08.012.Suche in Google Scholar
Frederick, S. 2005. “Cognitive Reflection and Decision Making.” The Journal of Economic Perspectives 19 (4): 25–42. https://doi.org/10.1257/089533005775196732.Suche in Google Scholar
Fryer, R. G.Jr, and S. D. Levitt. 2010. “An Empirical Analysis of the Gender Gap in Mathematics.” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 2 (2): 210–40. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.2.2.210.Suche in Google Scholar
Guiso, L., F. Monte, P. Sapienza, and L. Zingales. 2008. “Culture, Gender, and Math.” Science 320 (5880): 1164–5. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1154094.Suche in Google Scholar
Holt, C. A., and S. K. Laury. 2002. “Risk Aversion and Incentive Effects.” The American Economic Review 92 (5): 1644–55. https://doi.org/10.1257/000282802762024700.Suche in Google Scholar
Horn, D., H. J. Kiss, and T. Lénárd. 2022. “Gender Differences in Preferences of Adolescents: Evidence from a Large-Scale Classroom Experiment.” Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 194: 478–522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2021.12.015.Suche in Google Scholar
Pin, P., and T. Rotesi. 2023. “App–based Experiments.” Available at SSRN 3865723.10.1016/j.joep.2023.102666Suche in Google Scholar
Prissé, B., and D. Jorrat. 2022. “Lab vs Online Experiments: No Differences.” Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics 100: 101910. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2022.101910.Suche in Google Scholar
© 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Research Articles
- Strategic Analysis of Petty Corruption with an Entrepreneur and Multiple Bureaucrats
- Environmental Policy in Vertical Markets with Downstream Pollution: Taxes Versus Standards
- The Impact of the CARES Stimulus Payments on COVID-19 Transmission and Mortality
- Reverses in Gender Salary Gaps Among STEM Faculty: Evidence from Mean and Quantile Decompositions
- Downstream Profit Effects of Horizontal Mergers: Horn & Wolinsky and von Ungern-Sternberg Revisited
- The Moderating Role of Decisiveness in the Attraction Effect
- Pension Reform and Improved Employment Protection: Effects on Older Men’s Employment Outcomes
- Relational Voluntary Environmental Agreements with Unverifiable Emissions
- Letters
- Labor Demand Responses to Changing Gas Prices
- Early Childhood Education Attendance and Students’ Later Outcomes in Europe
- The Long-Term Effects of Unilateral Divorce Laws on the Noncognitive Skill of Conscientiousness
- Lab versus Online Experiments: Gender Differences
- Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis and HIV Incidence
- Variants of Gender Bias and Sexual-Orientation Discrimination in Career Development
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Research Articles
- Strategic Analysis of Petty Corruption with an Entrepreneur and Multiple Bureaucrats
- Environmental Policy in Vertical Markets with Downstream Pollution: Taxes Versus Standards
- The Impact of the CARES Stimulus Payments on COVID-19 Transmission and Mortality
- Reverses in Gender Salary Gaps Among STEM Faculty: Evidence from Mean and Quantile Decompositions
- Downstream Profit Effects of Horizontal Mergers: Horn & Wolinsky and von Ungern-Sternberg Revisited
- The Moderating Role of Decisiveness in the Attraction Effect
- Pension Reform and Improved Employment Protection: Effects on Older Men’s Employment Outcomes
- Relational Voluntary Environmental Agreements with Unverifiable Emissions
- Letters
- Labor Demand Responses to Changing Gas Prices
- Early Childhood Education Attendance and Students’ Later Outcomes in Europe
- The Long-Term Effects of Unilateral Divorce Laws on the Noncognitive Skill of Conscientiousness
- Lab versus Online Experiments: Gender Differences
- Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis and HIV Incidence
- Variants of Gender Bias and Sexual-Orientation Discrimination in Career Development