Techniques for Measuring Growth Stress on the Xylem Surface Using Strain and Dial Gauges
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M. Yoshida
Summary
Growth stress (growth strain) in trees is usually evaluated using either a strain gauge or a dial gauge to measure the strain release. We summarize the techniques used to assess growth stress and compare the two methods. The dial gauge method measures change in distance between two pin targets when growth stress is released by sawing two grooves; from this the strain released is calculated. The absolute values of the strain released depended on whether the two grooves were sawn inside or outside the pin targets: the values in the first case were approximately twice those in the latter. If the grooves were sawn outside the pin targets, the values for the strain released were about the same as with the strain gauge method, in which the strain released by sawing a groove at each end of a strain gauge is measured. The released strain values were consistent when the strain gauge was glued to the outer surface of the secondary xylem after first fully removing the differentiating xylem. To release most of the surface growth stress and maximize released strain values, the optimal distance between the ends of the strain gauge and the grooves cut to release the growth stress was 3 to 5 mm, and the optimal depth of the groove was 5 to 10 mm. Most of the growth stress was released immediately when the grooves were sawn.
Copyright © 2002 by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG
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Articles in the same Issue
- Effect of Growth Rate on Fibre Characteristics in Norway Spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.)
- Techniques for Measuring Growth Stress on the Xylem Surface Using Strain and Dial Gauges
- Use of Soft Rot Cavities to Determine Microfibril Angles in Wood; Advantages, Disadvantages and Possibilities
- Surface Roughness and Color Change of Copper-Amine Treated Red Maple (Acer rubrum) Exposed to Artificial Ultraviolet Light
- Differences in Resin Acid Concentration between Brown-Rot Resistant and Susceptible Scots Pine Heartwood
- Antioxidant Activity of Abietane-Type Diterpenes from Heartwood of Taiwania cryptomerioides Hayata
- Hydrothermolysis of Flavonoids in Relation to Steaming of Japanese Larch Wood
- Impact of Pulping Conditions on FORMACELL Aspen Lignin: Investigation of Methoxyl and Ester Groups, Carbohydrates, Molar Mass and Glass Transition Temperatures
- Ethanol-Enhanced Alkaline Pulping of Arundo donax L. Reed: Influence of Solvent on Pulp Yield and Quality
- Reflectance FTIR Microspectroscopy for Studying Effect of Xylan Removal on Unbleached and Bleached Birch Kraft Pulps
- Structure of Thermally Modified Wood Studied by Liquid State NMR Measurements
- Detection on Incipient Fungal Attack in Wood Using Magnetic Resonance Parameter Mapping Wood Studied by Liquid State NMR Measurements
- Wood Density Determination by X- and Gamma-Ray Tomography
- The Influence of Wood Specimen Surface Coating on Moisture Movement during Drying
- Study of the System Wood – Coating Material. Part 2.Wood – Solid Coating Material
- Flake Drying Temperature Affects Mat Properties during Pressing
