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The D allele of angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism is associated with the severity of atherosclerosis

  • Pawel Niemiec , Iwona Zak and Krystian Wita
Published/Copyright: February 26, 2008
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Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine
From the journal Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine Volume 46 Issue 4

Abstract

Background: Angiotensin II is produced primarily by angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) within atherosclerotic lesions and ACE level in plaques correlates with the severity of vessel wall damage. Therefore, we investigated the possible association of ACE gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism and the severity of atherosclerosis, estimated on the basis of the number of coronary stenoses and critical arterial occlusions observed during coronary angiography.

Methods: The study cohort included 172 patients with angiographically confirmed premature coronary artery disease. The ACE gene I/D polymorphism was genotyped using a PCR method.

Results: The frequencies of DD genotype, D allele carrier-state (DD+ID genotypes) and the D allele increased with the number of stenoses in coronary vessels. D allele carriers (DD+ID genotypes) were more frequent in the subgroup of patients with stenoses in at least four coronary vessels than in other patients including subjects with one-, two- and three-vessel disease (97.4% vs. 74.4%, OR=13.05, 95% CI: 1.81–100.00, χ2=9.84, p=0.0017). Furthermore, the D allele was significantly more frequent in patients with critical arterial occlusions (>90%) than in subjects without critical stenoses (61.1% vs. 49.3%, χ2=9.84, p=0.023).

Conclusions: The ACE I/D polymorphism influences individual differences in severity of coronary artery disease and the D allele promotes generation of numerous and critical atherosclerotic lesions.

Clin Chem Lab Med 2008;46:446–52.

Keywords: angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene (ACE); atherosclerosis; coronary artery disease; polymorphism
Corresponding author: Pawel Niemiec, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Medical University of Silesia, Medykow Str. 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland Phone/Fax: +48-32-252-84-32,
Received: 2007-9-12
Accepted: 2007-12-11
Published Online: 2008-02-26
Published in Print: 2008-04-01

©2008 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin New York

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https://doi.org/10.1515/CCLM.2008.101
Keywords for this article
angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene (ACE); atherosclerosis; coronary artery disease; polymorphism

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Editorial
  2. Improving clinicians understanding of lipoprotein sub-fractions through new technology
  3. Review
  4. Free fatty acids as a cardiovascular risk factor
  5. Opinion Papers
  6. Pharmacy-based laboratory services: past or future and risk or opportunity?
  7. Standards of practice and uniformity in references style
  8. Genetics and Molecular Diagnostics
  9. Glutathione S-transferase variants increase susceptibility for late-onset Alzheimer's disease: association study and relationship with apolipoprotein E ɛ4 allele
  10. The D allele of angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism is associated with the severity of atherosclerosis
  11. The apolipoprotein A5 gene –1131T→C polymorphism affects vitamin E plasma concentrations in type 2 diabetic patients
  12. Cell lines that express membrane-associated DNA for anti-DNA antibody detection
  13. Certification of reference materials for detection of the human prothrombin gene G20210A sequence variant
  14. Caspase-3 gene transfected with LIGHT gene: can it be used for therapy of human hepatocellular carcinoma?
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  16. Apolipoprotein E polymorphisms in Mexican patients with coronary artery disease
  17. A new single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping method based on gap ligase chain reaction and a microsphere detection assay
  18. General Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine
  19. PROCAM Study: risk prediction for myocardial infarction using microfluidic high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractionation is independent of HDL cholesterol
  20. Evaluation of oxidative stress and inflammation in obese adults with metabolic syndrome
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  22. Serum levels of the osteoprotegerin, receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B ligand, metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and tissue inhibitors of MMP-1 levels are increased in men 6 months after acute myocardial infarction
  23. Gelatinase matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 of the umbilical cord blood in preeclampsia
  24. Association between plasma alkaline phosphatase and C-reactive protein in Hong Kong Chinese
  25. Carbonylation of platelet proteins occurs as consequence of oxidative stress and thrombin activation, and is stimulated by ageing and type 2 diabetes
  26. An automated assay of urinary alanine aminopeptidase activity
  27. Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and recent involuntary weight gain among asymptomatic female subjects
  28. Reference Values
  29. Reference intervals for circulating angiogenic cytokines
  30. Hematological parameters in preterm infants from birth to 16 weeks of age with reference to iron balance
  31. Influence of hydroxyethyl starch (6% HES 130/0.4) administration on hematology and clinical chemistry parameters
  32. Letters to the Editor
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