Peptide Vaccines and Peptide Libraries
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Karl-Heinz Wiesmüller
Abstract
Synthetic immunogens, containing builtin adjuvanticity, B cell, T helper cell and CTL epitopes or mimotopes, are ideal and invaluable tools to study the immune response with respect to antigen processing and presentation. This serves as a basis for the development of complete and minimal vaccines which not need large carrier proteins, further adjuvants, liposome formulations or other delivery systems. Combinatorial peptide libraries, either completely random or characterized by one or several defined positions, are useful tools for the identification of the critical features of B cell epitopes and MHC class I and class II binding natural and synthetic epitopes. The complete activity pattern of O/X library with hundreds of peptide collections, each made up from billions of different peptides, represents the ranking of amino acid residues mediating contact to the target proteins of the immune system. Combinatorial libraries support the design of peptides applicable in vaccination against infectious agents as well as therapeutic tumour vaccines. Using the principle of lipopeptide vaccines, strong humoral and cellular immune responses could elicited. The lipopeptide vaccines are heatstable, nontoxic, fully biodegradable and can be prepared on the basis of minimized epitopes by modern methods of multiple peptide synthesis. The lipopeptides activate the antigenpresenting macrophages and cells and have been recently shown to stimulate innate immunity by specific interaction with receptors of the Toll family.
Copyright © 2001 by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG
Articles in the same Issue
- Vaccine Development: from Empirical Medicine to Molecularly Designed Therapy
- Dendritic Cells for Specific Cancer Immunotherapy
- Intracellular Bacteria as Targets and Carriers for Vaccination
- Bacteria-Mediated Transfer of Eukaryotic Expression Plasmids into Mammalian Host Cells
- Revealing the Potential of DNA-Based Vaccination: Lessons Learned from the Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen
- Progress toward a Malaria Vaccine: Efficient Induction of Protective Anti-Malaria Immunity
- Peptide Vaccines and Peptide Libraries
- Defined Synthetic Vaccines
- Antimicrobial Peptides: Properties and Applicability
- G-Quadruplex DNA Structures Variations on a Theme
- The Role of Heat Shock Proteins and Their Receptors in the Activation of the Immune System
- Transcriptional Repression Mediated by the KRAB Domain of the Human C2H2 Zinc Finger Protein Kox1/ZNF10 Does Not Require Histone Deacetylation
- Structure and Evolution of 4-Coumarate:Coenzyme A Ligase (4CL) Gene Families
- Inhibition of Hepatitis B Virus by Hammerhead Ribozyme Targeted to the Poly(A) Signal Sequence in Cultured Cells
- Chemical Accessibility of 18S rRNA in Native Ribosomal Complexes: Interaction Sites of mRNA, tRNA and Translation Factors
- C-Terminal Peptides of Interleukin-6 Modulate the Expression of junB Protooncogene and the Production of Fibrinogen by HepG2 Cells
- Proteome Analysis by Three-Dimensional Protein Separation: Turnover of Cytosolic Proteins in Hepatocytes
- Structural Intermediates in the Putative Pathway from the Cellular Prion Protein to the Pathogenic Form
- Local Variability of the Phosphoglycerate Kinase-Triosephosphate Isomerase Fusion Protein from Thermotoga maritima MSB 8
- Epigenetics of Latent Epstein-Barr Virus Genomes: High Resolution Methylation Analysis of the Bidirectional Promoter Region of Latent Membrane Protein 1 and 2B Genes
- The Cytosine N4-Methyltransferase M.PvuII Also Modifies Adenine Residues
- Expression of the Human Menkes ATPase in Xenopus laevis Oocytes
Articles in the same Issue
- Vaccine Development: from Empirical Medicine to Molecularly Designed Therapy
- Dendritic Cells for Specific Cancer Immunotherapy
- Intracellular Bacteria as Targets and Carriers for Vaccination
- Bacteria-Mediated Transfer of Eukaryotic Expression Plasmids into Mammalian Host Cells
- Revealing the Potential of DNA-Based Vaccination: Lessons Learned from the Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen
- Progress toward a Malaria Vaccine: Efficient Induction of Protective Anti-Malaria Immunity
- Peptide Vaccines and Peptide Libraries
- Defined Synthetic Vaccines
- Antimicrobial Peptides: Properties and Applicability
- G-Quadruplex DNA Structures Variations on a Theme
- The Role of Heat Shock Proteins and Their Receptors in the Activation of the Immune System
- Transcriptional Repression Mediated by the KRAB Domain of the Human C2H2 Zinc Finger Protein Kox1/ZNF10 Does Not Require Histone Deacetylation
- Structure and Evolution of 4-Coumarate:Coenzyme A Ligase (4CL) Gene Families
- Inhibition of Hepatitis B Virus by Hammerhead Ribozyme Targeted to the Poly(A) Signal Sequence in Cultured Cells
- Chemical Accessibility of 18S rRNA in Native Ribosomal Complexes: Interaction Sites of mRNA, tRNA and Translation Factors
- C-Terminal Peptides of Interleukin-6 Modulate the Expression of junB Protooncogene and the Production of Fibrinogen by HepG2 Cells
- Proteome Analysis by Three-Dimensional Protein Separation: Turnover of Cytosolic Proteins in Hepatocytes
- Structural Intermediates in the Putative Pathway from the Cellular Prion Protein to the Pathogenic Form
- Local Variability of the Phosphoglycerate Kinase-Triosephosphate Isomerase Fusion Protein from Thermotoga maritima MSB 8
- Epigenetics of Latent Epstein-Barr Virus Genomes: High Resolution Methylation Analysis of the Bidirectional Promoter Region of Latent Membrane Protein 1 and 2B Genes
- The Cytosine N4-Methyltransferase M.PvuII Also Modifies Adenine Residues
- Expression of the Human Menkes ATPase in Xenopus laevis Oocytes
