Startseite Naturwissenschaften Chapter 1 Techniques for characterizing micro/nanoemulsions in pharmaceutical formulations
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Chapter 1 Techniques for characterizing micro/nanoemulsions in pharmaceutical formulations

  • Mohammad Adnan Raza , Anjila Firdous , Tejas B. Patil , Nousheen Khatoon , Ayushmaan Roy , Vijayalakshmi Ghosh , Sanjay kumar Gupta und Ajazuddin
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Micro and Nano Emulsion Technologies
Ein Kapitel aus dem Buch Micro and Nano Emulsion Technologies

Abstract

Emulsions are colloidally stable dispersions of two immiscible liquids stabilized by surfactants and cosurfactants, exhibiting droplet sizesdroplet sizes ranging from 2 to 100 nm. Nanoemulsion and microemulsion formulations are commonly used for drug delivery. They can be formulated using a variety of high- and low-energy processes. This chapter reviews different techniques for characterizing these nano- and microemulsions, discussing the significance of optimum formulation for nanodroplet systems, emphasizing droplet size, solubilization, colloidal stabilitystability, and optical and rheological characteristics. Methods such as dynamic light scattering (DLS) and laser diffraction are employed to ascertain droplet size and polydispersity index (size distribution) – critical parameters affecting the emulsion’s stability and performance. DLS is also used to assess zeta potential, that is, to analyze surface charge and stability of emulsions. Electron 10microscopic techniques (e.g., transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy) are used to visualize the morphologymorphology and structural details at the nanoscale. The characterization of nano- and microemulsions is conducted by differential scanning calorimetry to assess the physical state of the drug inside the formulations and to investigate potential interactions between the drug and other constituents of the nano- and microemulsions. This chapter also addresses the importance of rheological studies in understanding the flow behavior and viscoelastic properties of emulsions, as well as spectroscopic techniques as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopyFourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance to investigate the molecular interactions and composition of the emulsions. The application of these characterization techniques in optimizing formulation processes and ensuring the quality of pharmaceutical micro/nanoemulsions is also discussed. The in vitro drug release, vitro permeation, stability and thermodynamic stability, shelf life, dispersibility, viscosityviscosity, surface tension, refractive index, percentage transmittance, pH, and osmolarity of nanoemulsions are all further examined.

Abstract

Emulsions are colloidally stable dispersions of two immiscible liquids stabilized by surfactants and cosurfactants, exhibiting droplet sizesdroplet sizes ranging from 2 to 100 nm. Nanoemulsion and microemulsion formulations are commonly used for drug delivery. They can be formulated using a variety of high- and low-energy processes. This chapter reviews different techniques for characterizing these nano- and microemulsions, discussing the significance of optimum formulation for nanodroplet systems, emphasizing droplet size, solubilization, colloidal stabilitystability, and optical and rheological characteristics. Methods such as dynamic light scattering (DLS) and laser diffraction are employed to ascertain droplet size and polydispersity index (size distribution) – critical parameters affecting the emulsion’s stability and performance. DLS is also used to assess zeta potential, that is, to analyze surface charge and stability of emulsions. Electron 10microscopic techniques (e.g., transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy) are used to visualize the morphologymorphology and structural details at the nanoscale. The characterization of nano- and microemulsions is conducted by differential scanning calorimetry to assess the physical state of the drug inside the formulations and to investigate potential interactions between the drug and other constituents of the nano- and microemulsions. This chapter also addresses the importance of rheological studies in understanding the flow behavior and viscoelastic properties of emulsions, as well as spectroscopic techniques as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopyFourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance to investigate the molecular interactions and composition of the emulsions. The application of these characterization techniques in optimizing formulation processes and ensuring the quality of pharmaceutical micro/nanoemulsions is also discussed. The in vitro drug release, vitro permeation, stability and thermodynamic stability, shelf life, dispersibility, viscosityviscosity, surface tension, refractive index, percentage transmittance, pH, and osmolarity of nanoemulsions are all further examined.

Kapitel in diesem Buch

  1. Frontmatter I
  2. Foreword V
  3. Foreword VII
  4. Contents V
  5. List of contributing authors IX
  6. Introduction 1
  7. Chapter 1 Techniques for characterizing micro/nanoemulsions in pharmaceutical formulations 9
  8. Chapter 2 Micro/nanoemulsions in dermatology for enhanced therapeutic solutions 49
  9. Chapter 3 Harnessing micro/nanoemulsion for transnasal drug delivery with enhanced efficacy and precision 79
  10. Chapter 4 Micro/nanoemulsions redefining cosmeceutical formulation for optimal skin health 107
  11. Chapter 5 Accelerating recovery through advanced wound healing applications of micro/nanoemulsions 127
  12. Chapter 6 Precision oncology: nanoemulsions as pioneers in the delivery of anticancer agents, immunomodulators, and vaccines 171
  13. Chapter 7 Cutting-edge innovations: advances and applications of micro/nanoemulsions in gel formulations 211
  14. Chapter 8 Clinical frontiers and regulatory status of micro/nanoemulsions 251
  15. Chapter 9 Future prospects of micro/nanoemulsions in enhancing drug performance 269
  16. Index 289
https://doi.org/10.1515/9783111593654-002

Kapitel in diesem Buch

  1. Frontmatter I
  2. Foreword V
  3. Foreword VII
  4. Contents V
  5. List of contributing authors IX
  6. Introduction 1
  7. Chapter 1 Techniques for characterizing micro/nanoemulsions in pharmaceutical formulations 9
  8. Chapter 2 Micro/nanoemulsions in dermatology for enhanced therapeutic solutions 49
  9. Chapter 3 Harnessing micro/nanoemulsion for transnasal drug delivery with enhanced efficacy and precision 79
  10. Chapter 4 Micro/nanoemulsions redefining cosmeceutical formulation for optimal skin health 107
  11. Chapter 5 Accelerating recovery through advanced wound healing applications of micro/nanoemulsions 127
  12. Chapter 6 Precision oncology: nanoemulsions as pioneers in the delivery of anticancer agents, immunomodulators, and vaccines 171
  13. Chapter 7 Cutting-edge innovations: advances and applications of micro/nanoemulsions in gel formulations 211
  14. Chapter 8 Clinical frontiers and regulatory status of micro/nanoemulsions 251
  15. Chapter 9 Future prospects of micro/nanoemulsions in enhancing drug performance 269
  16. Index 289
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Heruntergeladen am 15.12.2025 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783111593654-002/html
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