6 Precision medicine in hypothyroidism: an engineering approach to individualized levothyroxine dosing
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Davide Manca
Abstract
This chapter presents an innovative engineering approach to precision medicine in the treatment of hypothyroidism. By leveraging mathematical modeling of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis, a novel algorithm, PzeroT, is developed for individualized optimization of levothyroxine dosing. The chapter explores the HPT axis physiology and pathology and the current state-of-the-art in hypothyroidism treatment. The core contribution lies in implementing a compartmental model of the HPT axis, which is the foundation for the PzeroT algorithm. This model-based approach enables the prediction of the optimal levothyroxine dose tailored to individual patient characteristics. The chapter further validates the PzeroT algorithm using real patient case studies, demonstrating its potential to improve hypothyroidism management by reducing treatment times and enhancing dose accuracy compared to standard clinical practices. This work, at the intersection of chemical engineering and medicine, exemplifies how engineering principles can advance precision medicine and paves the way for more personalized and effective treatment of thyroid disorders.
Abstract
This chapter presents an innovative engineering approach to precision medicine in the treatment of hypothyroidism. By leveraging mathematical modeling of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis, a novel algorithm, PzeroT, is developed for individualized optimization of levothyroxine dosing. The chapter explores the HPT axis physiology and pathology and the current state-of-the-art in hypothyroidism treatment. The core contribution lies in implementing a compartmental model of the HPT axis, which is the foundation for the PzeroT algorithm. This model-based approach enables the prediction of the optimal levothyroxine dose tailored to individual patient characteristics. The chapter further validates the PzeroT algorithm using real patient case studies, demonstrating its potential to improve hypothyroidism management by reducing treatment times and enhancing dose accuracy compared to standard clinical practices. This work, at the intersection of chemical engineering and medicine, exemplifies how engineering principles can advance precision medicine and paves the way for more personalized and effective treatment of thyroid disorders.
Chapters in this book
- Preface V
- List of contributing authors
-
Part I Chemical engineering and medicine
- 1 A systems engineering approach to medicine 3
-
Part II Modelling physiology
- 2 Computational modelling in liver system and liver disease 21
- 3 Inhaled aerosols as carriers of pulmonary medicines and the limitations of in vitro–in vivo correlation (IVIVC) methods 49
- 4 Modelling drug permeation across the skin: a chemical engineering perspective 73
- 5 Chemical engineering contribution to hemodialysis innovation: achieving the wearable artificial kidneys with nanomaterial-based dialysate regeneration 103
-
Part III Disease and treatment
- 6 Precision medicine in hypothyroidism: an engineering approach to individualized levothyroxine dosing 127
- 7 Glucose sensors in medicine: overview 167
- 8 Macroscopic transport models for drugs and vehicles in cancer tissues 185
- 9 Mathematical modelling of hollow-fiber haemodialysis modules 203
- 10 Chemical engineering methods in better understanding of blood hydrodynamics in atherosclerosis disease 243
- 11 On the development of pharmacokinetic models for the characterisation and diagnosis of von Willebrand disease 263
-
Part IV Pharmacokinetics and drug delivery
- 12 An introduction to quantitative systems pharmacology for chemical engineers 293
- 13 A novel strategy for brain cancer treatment through a multiple emulsion system for simultaneous therapeutics delivery 315
- 14 Model-based dose selection for gene therapy for haemophilia B 333
- 15 Lipid-based nanoparticles for nucleic acids delivery 359
- Index
Chapters in this book
- Preface V
- List of contributing authors
-
Part I Chemical engineering and medicine
- 1 A systems engineering approach to medicine 3
-
Part II Modelling physiology
- 2 Computational modelling in liver system and liver disease 21
- 3 Inhaled aerosols as carriers of pulmonary medicines and the limitations of in vitro–in vivo correlation (IVIVC) methods 49
- 4 Modelling drug permeation across the skin: a chemical engineering perspective 73
- 5 Chemical engineering contribution to hemodialysis innovation: achieving the wearable artificial kidneys with nanomaterial-based dialysate regeneration 103
-
Part III Disease and treatment
- 6 Precision medicine in hypothyroidism: an engineering approach to individualized levothyroxine dosing 127
- 7 Glucose sensors in medicine: overview 167
- 8 Macroscopic transport models for drugs and vehicles in cancer tissues 185
- 9 Mathematical modelling of hollow-fiber haemodialysis modules 203
- 10 Chemical engineering methods in better understanding of blood hydrodynamics in atherosclerosis disease 243
- 11 On the development of pharmacokinetic models for the characterisation and diagnosis of von Willebrand disease 263
-
Part IV Pharmacokinetics and drug delivery
- 12 An introduction to quantitative systems pharmacology for chemical engineers 293
- 13 A novel strategy for brain cancer treatment through a multiple emulsion system for simultaneous therapeutics delivery 315
- 14 Model-based dose selection for gene therapy for haemophilia B 333
- 15 Lipid-based nanoparticles for nucleic acids delivery 359
- Index
