10 Role of microbial oxidative enzymes in the cosmetic industry
-
Charu Gupta
Abstract
The area of personal care products is the fastest growing sector in terms of technology. Cosmetology is an emerging field of science that directly affects people. The cosmetics sector is working to find new organic alternatives that can improve product properties and replace chemical complexes. All life processes are based on the action of enzymes, and in the skin, enzymes are responsible for separating complex inert molecules and transforming them into simpler and often more dynamic molecules. Proteases unbind or hydrolyze proteins, glycosidases promote the accumulation of ceramide in the epidermis, and tyrosinase enables the production of melanin. Other classes of enzymes, such as lignin peroxidase, have been found to play an important role in the degradation of eumelanin, leading to the amplification of processes associated with skin lightening. Conversely, lipases are used in formulations, including in products for nasal washes, cosmetic façades, and hair care due to their superior ability to digest lipids. Another group of enzymes, hyaluronidase, has been found to be most effective in cosmetic surgery as an active ingredient in dermal fillers. Enzymes apparently produce organic active ingredients in certain cosmetic products belonging to the so-called powder make-up cosmetics “or” treatment products. Microorganisms represent one of the cheap, renewable, and unique bases for all chemical compounds, including enzymes. Part of the complex is of natural origin, obtained from bacteria, fungi and algae. Moreover, these materials are readily commercially available. Microorganisms are rich in fatty acids, enzymes, peptides, vitamins, lipopolysaccharides, and pigments, and contain useful active ingredients for beautifying cosmetics. In addition, special complexes such as ceramides, mycosporin-like amino acids, carotenoids, and fatty acids such as omega-3, -6, and -9 are derived from microorganisms that play a major role in the cosmetics industry. Growing consumer demand for organic ingredients and beauty products has led the cosmetics industry to pay more and more attention to subtle fundamentals. Therefore, this chapter will focus on the most effective enzymes for expanding the class of individual skin care products. The prospect of nano emulsions for improving the enzymatic effect of individual care products is also highlighted.
Abstract
The area of personal care products is the fastest growing sector in terms of technology. Cosmetology is an emerging field of science that directly affects people. The cosmetics sector is working to find new organic alternatives that can improve product properties and replace chemical complexes. All life processes are based on the action of enzymes, and in the skin, enzymes are responsible for separating complex inert molecules and transforming them into simpler and often more dynamic molecules. Proteases unbind or hydrolyze proteins, glycosidases promote the accumulation of ceramide in the epidermis, and tyrosinase enables the production of melanin. Other classes of enzymes, such as lignin peroxidase, have been found to play an important role in the degradation of eumelanin, leading to the amplification of processes associated with skin lightening. Conversely, lipases are used in formulations, including in products for nasal washes, cosmetic façades, and hair care due to their superior ability to digest lipids. Another group of enzymes, hyaluronidase, has been found to be most effective in cosmetic surgery as an active ingredient in dermal fillers. Enzymes apparently produce organic active ingredients in certain cosmetic products belonging to the so-called powder make-up cosmetics “or” treatment products. Microorganisms represent one of the cheap, renewable, and unique bases for all chemical compounds, including enzymes. Part of the complex is of natural origin, obtained from bacteria, fungi and algae. Moreover, these materials are readily commercially available. Microorganisms are rich in fatty acids, enzymes, peptides, vitamins, lipopolysaccharides, and pigments, and contain useful active ingredients for beautifying cosmetics. In addition, special complexes such as ceramides, mycosporin-like amino acids, carotenoids, and fatty acids such as omega-3, -6, and -9 are derived from microorganisms that play a major role in the cosmetics industry. Growing consumer demand for organic ingredients and beauty products has led the cosmetics industry to pay more and more attention to subtle fundamentals. Therefore, this chapter will focus on the most effective enzymes for expanding the class of individual skin care products. The prospect of nano emulsions for improving the enzymatic effect of individual care products is also highlighted.
Kapitel in diesem Buch
- Frontmatter I
- Preface V
- Contents VII
- List of contributing authors XI
- 1 Production of microbial oxidative enzymes 1
- 2 Actinobacteria: microbial cell factory of oxidative enzymes 19
- 3 Effect of microbial oxidative enzymes on soil health 37
- 4 Role of oxidative enzymes in plant growth promotion 63
- 5 Microbial oxidative enzymes in alleviation of biotic stress in plants 91
- 6 Role of oxidative enzymes in the alleviation of oxidative stress in plant system 109
- 7 Role of microbial oxidative enzymes in biological control of plant pathogens 129
- 8 Role of microbial endophytes and their oxidases on effective biocontrol activity against different pathogens of cereal crops in India 155
- 9 Role of microbial oxidative enzymes in detergent industries 183
- 10 Role of microbial oxidative enzymes in the cosmetic industry 201
- 11 Role of microbial oxidative enzymes in the pulp and paper industry 221
- 12 Role of oxidative microbial enzymes in dairy industries 239
- 13 Perspectives of microbial enzyme biocatalyst in food industries 257
- 14 Agro-food industrial residues into enzymes and other products using solid-state fermentation 281
- 15 Microbial oxidative enzymes in wastewater treatment: mechanisms and applications 301
- 16 Microbial laccases: the blue enzyme for bioremediation of contaminants and recalcitrant wastewaters 325
- 17 Microbial laccases as potential biocatalysts for the food processing industries and wastewater treatment 355
- 18 Microbial tyrosinases: promising enzymes for pharmaceutical, food bioprocessing, and environmental industry 375
- 19 Biocatalytic activity of microbial catalases: perspectives in industrial waste treatment, biosensor fabrication, food storage, and pharmaceutical sectors 393
- 20 Characterization of proteases from bacterial and fungal species and evaluation of their ability in meat myofibrillar and connective tissue protein hydrolysis 409
- 21 Microorganisms and their enzymes in carbon storage and control of greenhouse gas emission 431
- 22 Microbial antioxidant defense enzymes and their role in virulence 445
- 23 Production and demand of microbial oxidative enzymes worldwide 467
- Index 505
Kapitel in diesem Buch
- Frontmatter I
- Preface V
- Contents VII
- List of contributing authors XI
- 1 Production of microbial oxidative enzymes 1
- 2 Actinobacteria: microbial cell factory of oxidative enzymes 19
- 3 Effect of microbial oxidative enzymes on soil health 37
- 4 Role of oxidative enzymes in plant growth promotion 63
- 5 Microbial oxidative enzymes in alleviation of biotic stress in plants 91
- 6 Role of oxidative enzymes in the alleviation of oxidative stress in plant system 109
- 7 Role of microbial oxidative enzymes in biological control of plant pathogens 129
- 8 Role of microbial endophytes and their oxidases on effective biocontrol activity against different pathogens of cereal crops in India 155
- 9 Role of microbial oxidative enzymes in detergent industries 183
- 10 Role of microbial oxidative enzymes in the cosmetic industry 201
- 11 Role of microbial oxidative enzymes in the pulp and paper industry 221
- 12 Role of oxidative microbial enzymes in dairy industries 239
- 13 Perspectives of microbial enzyme biocatalyst in food industries 257
- 14 Agro-food industrial residues into enzymes and other products using solid-state fermentation 281
- 15 Microbial oxidative enzymes in wastewater treatment: mechanisms and applications 301
- 16 Microbial laccases: the blue enzyme for bioremediation of contaminants and recalcitrant wastewaters 325
- 17 Microbial laccases as potential biocatalysts for the food processing industries and wastewater treatment 355
- 18 Microbial tyrosinases: promising enzymes for pharmaceutical, food bioprocessing, and environmental industry 375
- 19 Biocatalytic activity of microbial catalases: perspectives in industrial waste treatment, biosensor fabrication, food storage, and pharmaceutical sectors 393
- 20 Characterization of proteases from bacterial and fungal species and evaluation of their ability in meat myofibrillar and connective tissue protein hydrolysis 409
- 21 Microorganisms and their enzymes in carbon storage and control of greenhouse gas emission 431
- 22 Microbial antioxidant defense enzymes and their role in virulence 445
- 23 Production and demand of microbial oxidative enzymes worldwide 467
- Index 505
