4 Role of oxidative enzymes in plant growth promotion
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Bhairav Prasad
Abstract
Plants are stationary and are incapable of evading exposure to pathogens, parasites, and abiotic factors, viz. flooding, drought, temperature fluctuations, UV radiation, nutrient deficiency, and so on. Plant growth and its development directly influence the production as well as the quality of the crop. When plants are healthy, they yield more and if they are stressed, the yield decreases. Reactive oxygen species are the molecules that are produced during cellular metabolism and they have toxic effects on plants. When plants are subjected to various biotic and abiotic stresses, they imbalance the homeostasis and ion distribution in plant cells, leading to cellular injury, which affects the growth process of the plant. Since oxidative enzymes can catalyze a broad range of reactions, they have many industrial applications including in food sectors, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and environmental pollution control. However, several study revealed that microbial oxidative enzymes also play a significant role in agriculture to promote plant growth and control the plant pathogens. Most of the oxidative enzymes are obtained from fungi but recently it has been seen that certain bacterial genera, including Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Actinobacteria, and Actinomycetes, also produce a wide range of oxidative enzymes. Catalase, aldehyde oxidase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase are some bacterial oxidative enzymes that confirm their potential role amongst plant communities. It has been reported that the various oxidative enzymes significantly increase the yield of crops by decreasing the disease rate in plants and protecting them against various biotic stresses. The various oxidative and hydrolytic enzymes secreted by microbes aid the solubility and absorption of organic matter in soil by plants and improve their growth and development. “plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria“ are bacterial communities associated with the plant rhizosphere and enhance the growth and development of the plants by various biochemical and molecular mechanisms.
Abstract
Plants are stationary and are incapable of evading exposure to pathogens, parasites, and abiotic factors, viz. flooding, drought, temperature fluctuations, UV radiation, nutrient deficiency, and so on. Plant growth and its development directly influence the production as well as the quality of the crop. When plants are healthy, they yield more and if they are stressed, the yield decreases. Reactive oxygen species are the molecules that are produced during cellular metabolism and they have toxic effects on plants. When plants are subjected to various biotic and abiotic stresses, they imbalance the homeostasis and ion distribution in plant cells, leading to cellular injury, which affects the growth process of the plant. Since oxidative enzymes can catalyze a broad range of reactions, they have many industrial applications including in food sectors, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and environmental pollution control. However, several study revealed that microbial oxidative enzymes also play a significant role in agriculture to promote plant growth and control the plant pathogens. Most of the oxidative enzymes are obtained from fungi but recently it has been seen that certain bacterial genera, including Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Actinobacteria, and Actinomycetes, also produce a wide range of oxidative enzymes. Catalase, aldehyde oxidase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase are some bacterial oxidative enzymes that confirm their potential role amongst plant communities. It has been reported that the various oxidative enzymes significantly increase the yield of crops by decreasing the disease rate in plants and protecting them against various biotic stresses. The various oxidative and hydrolytic enzymes secreted by microbes aid the solubility and absorption of organic matter in soil by plants and improve their growth and development. “plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria“ are bacterial communities associated with the plant rhizosphere and enhance the growth and development of the plants by various biochemical and molecular mechanisms.
Kapitel in diesem Buch
- Frontmatter I
- Preface V
- Contents VII
- List of contributing authors XI
- 1 Production of microbial oxidative enzymes 1
- 2 Actinobacteria: microbial cell factory of oxidative enzymes 19
- 3 Effect of microbial oxidative enzymes on soil health 37
- 4 Role of oxidative enzymes in plant growth promotion 63
- 5 Microbial oxidative enzymes in alleviation of biotic stress in plants 91
- 6 Role of oxidative enzymes in the alleviation of oxidative stress in plant system 109
- 7 Role of microbial oxidative enzymes in biological control of plant pathogens 129
- 8 Role of microbial endophytes and their oxidases on effective biocontrol activity against different pathogens of cereal crops in India 155
- 9 Role of microbial oxidative enzymes in detergent industries 183
- 10 Role of microbial oxidative enzymes in the cosmetic industry 201
- 11 Role of microbial oxidative enzymes in the pulp and paper industry 221
- 12 Role of oxidative microbial enzymes in dairy industries 239
- 13 Perspectives of microbial enzyme biocatalyst in food industries 257
- 14 Agro-food industrial residues into enzymes and other products using solid-state fermentation 281
- 15 Microbial oxidative enzymes in wastewater treatment: mechanisms and applications 301
- 16 Microbial laccases: the blue enzyme for bioremediation of contaminants and recalcitrant wastewaters 325
- 17 Microbial laccases as potential biocatalysts for the food processing industries and wastewater treatment 355
- 18 Microbial tyrosinases: promising enzymes for pharmaceutical, food bioprocessing, and environmental industry 375
- 19 Biocatalytic activity of microbial catalases: perspectives in industrial waste treatment, biosensor fabrication, food storage, and pharmaceutical sectors 393
- 20 Characterization of proteases from bacterial and fungal species and evaluation of their ability in meat myofibrillar and connective tissue protein hydrolysis 409
- 21 Microorganisms and their enzymes in carbon storage and control of greenhouse gas emission 431
- 22 Microbial antioxidant defense enzymes and their role in virulence 445
- 23 Production and demand of microbial oxidative enzymes worldwide 467
- Index 505
Kapitel in diesem Buch
- Frontmatter I
- Preface V
- Contents VII
- List of contributing authors XI
- 1 Production of microbial oxidative enzymes 1
- 2 Actinobacteria: microbial cell factory of oxidative enzymes 19
- 3 Effect of microbial oxidative enzymes on soil health 37
- 4 Role of oxidative enzymes in plant growth promotion 63
- 5 Microbial oxidative enzymes in alleviation of biotic stress in plants 91
- 6 Role of oxidative enzymes in the alleviation of oxidative stress in plant system 109
- 7 Role of microbial oxidative enzymes in biological control of plant pathogens 129
- 8 Role of microbial endophytes and their oxidases on effective biocontrol activity against different pathogens of cereal crops in India 155
- 9 Role of microbial oxidative enzymes in detergent industries 183
- 10 Role of microbial oxidative enzymes in the cosmetic industry 201
- 11 Role of microbial oxidative enzymes in the pulp and paper industry 221
- 12 Role of oxidative microbial enzymes in dairy industries 239
- 13 Perspectives of microbial enzyme biocatalyst in food industries 257
- 14 Agro-food industrial residues into enzymes and other products using solid-state fermentation 281
- 15 Microbial oxidative enzymes in wastewater treatment: mechanisms and applications 301
- 16 Microbial laccases: the blue enzyme for bioremediation of contaminants and recalcitrant wastewaters 325
- 17 Microbial laccases as potential biocatalysts for the food processing industries and wastewater treatment 355
- 18 Microbial tyrosinases: promising enzymes for pharmaceutical, food bioprocessing, and environmental industry 375
- 19 Biocatalytic activity of microbial catalases: perspectives in industrial waste treatment, biosensor fabrication, food storage, and pharmaceutical sectors 393
- 20 Characterization of proteases from bacterial and fungal species and evaluation of their ability in meat myofibrillar and connective tissue protein hydrolysis 409
- 21 Microorganisms and their enzymes in carbon storage and control of greenhouse gas emission 431
- 22 Microbial antioxidant defense enzymes and their role in virulence 445
- 23 Production and demand of microbial oxidative enzymes worldwide 467
- Index 505
