13 Land Commodification: A Structural Barrier to Degrowth Transition
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, and
Abstract
The willingness of politicians or business to acknowledge the necessity of a degrowth transition is scarce to non-existent (Rickters & Siemoneit, 2019). In response to this, there is broad support within the degrowth movement for the notion that a degrowth society will have to emerge from the grassroots up (see D’Alisa et al., 2015). However, serious doubts can also be levelled against such a sociocultural groundswell (Frankel, 2018; Sanne, 2002). While the degrowth movement has been explicit about the degree of ecological overshoot associated with perpetual growth, overall, certain politico- economic barriers to degrowth transition, that are faced by this potential groundswell, have not been well addressed in the literature (Strunz & Schindler, 2018; de Jesus & Mendonça, 2018). To address this gap in degrowth transition scholarship, this chapter demonstrates the way in which, for ordinary people expected to pursue a degrowth transition, costs associated with land and housing operate as a significant barrier to their involvement. As we will argue, these housing costs almost always function as a powerful economic determinant, locking people into sustained, but not sustainable, market participation. Our contribution to the literature is to analyse this terrain, exploring the way in which land privatisation (land enclosure being capitalism’s inaugural step) instigated and now continues to compel long-term participation in an unsustainable growth economy. The chapter concludes by exploring one way in which this structural obstacle to degrowth transition could be addressed. We propose an innovative public housing policy approach coupled with a ‘participation income - an approach that we argue could create a politically palatable urban commons pathway to degrowth.
Abstract
The willingness of politicians or business to acknowledge the necessity of a degrowth transition is scarce to non-existent (Rickters & Siemoneit, 2019). In response to this, there is broad support within the degrowth movement for the notion that a degrowth society will have to emerge from the grassroots up (see D’Alisa et al., 2015). However, serious doubts can also be levelled against such a sociocultural groundswell (Frankel, 2018; Sanne, 2002). While the degrowth movement has been explicit about the degree of ecological overshoot associated with perpetual growth, overall, certain politico- economic barriers to degrowth transition, that are faced by this potential groundswell, have not been well addressed in the literature (Strunz & Schindler, 2018; de Jesus & Mendonça, 2018). To address this gap in degrowth transition scholarship, this chapter demonstrates the way in which, for ordinary people expected to pursue a degrowth transition, costs associated with land and housing operate as a significant barrier to their involvement. As we will argue, these housing costs almost always function as a powerful economic determinant, locking people into sustained, but not sustainable, market participation. Our contribution to the literature is to analyse this terrain, exploring the way in which land privatisation (land enclosure being capitalism’s inaugural step) instigated and now continues to compel long-term participation in an unsustainable growth economy. The chapter concludes by exploring one way in which this structural obstacle to degrowth transition could be addressed. We propose an innovative public housing policy approach coupled with a ‘participation income - an approach that we argue could create a politically palatable urban commons pathway to degrowth.
Chapters in this book
- Frontmatter I
- Acknowledgements VII
- Contents IX
- List of Contributors XIII
- Foreword 1
- Introduction – Degrowth: Swimming Against the Ideological Tide 7
-
Part I: Degrowth Agendas
- Introduction 23
- 1 ‘Without Growth, Everything is Nothing’: On the Origins of Growthism 25
- 2 Degrowth: Monetary and Nonmonetary Economies 41
- 3 Critiques of Work: The Radical Roots of Degrowth 55
- 4 Cultural Political Economy and Degrowth Politics 75
- 5 Sustainable Welfare: Decoupling Welfare from Growth and Prioritising Needs Satisfaction for All 89
-
Part II: Degrowth in Practice
- Introduction 107
- 6 How and Who? The Debate About a Strategy for Degrowth 109
- 7 Translating Degrowth: From Policy Proposals to Praxis 129
- 8 Living in Abundance: Tool Libraries for Convivial Degrowth 149
- 9 Materialising Degrowth Agrifood Architecture with Earth 167
- 10 They Want Us to Live in Caves: Degrowth and the Housing Question 191
-
Part III: The Urban and the Rural
- Introduction 211
- 11 The Case for Solidary Degrowth Spaces. Five Propositions on the Challenging Project of Spatialising Degrowth 213
- 12 Urban Degrowth 233
- 13 Land Commodification: A Structural Barrier to Degrowth Transition 251
- 14 Agroecology as Degrowth in Practice: Resistance Rooted in Human- Nature Relationality 273
- 15 Organising Nature Through Urban Gardening 291
-
Part IV: Critical Connections
- Introduction 309
- 16 Interlocking Crises, Intersectional Visions: Ecofeminist Political Economy in Conversation with Degrowth 311
- 17 Dependency, Delinking and Degrowth in a New Developmental Era: Debates from Argentina 327
- 18 Degrowth and Psychoanalysis: From Transition to Transformation 339
- 19 Degrowth Disagreements with Marxism: Critical Perspectives on the Fetishisation of Value and Productivity 361
- 20 Not Just Newer, but Fewer: A Bridge Between Ecomodernism and Degrowth? 377
-
Part V: Degrowth and the Global South
- Introduction 395
- 21 From Marxist Development Theories to Their Translation in the Degrowth Discourse: Transforming Unequal International Structures for Environmental Sustainability 397
- 22 Radical Ecological Democracy: Reflections from the South on Degrowth 417
- 23 Degrowth Beyond the Metropole: Theory and Praxis for a Revolutionary Degrowth 427
- 24 Growing Degrowth: Alliances with Environmental Movements in the Global South 447
- 25 ‘For the Greater Good’– Green Sacrifice Zones and Subaltern Resistance: The Politics and Potential of Degrowth and Post-Extractivist Futures 461
- List of Figures 479
- About the Editors 481
- Index 483
Chapters in this book
- Frontmatter I
- Acknowledgements VII
- Contents IX
- List of Contributors XIII
- Foreword 1
- Introduction – Degrowth: Swimming Against the Ideological Tide 7
-
Part I: Degrowth Agendas
- Introduction 23
- 1 ‘Without Growth, Everything is Nothing’: On the Origins of Growthism 25
- 2 Degrowth: Monetary and Nonmonetary Economies 41
- 3 Critiques of Work: The Radical Roots of Degrowth 55
- 4 Cultural Political Economy and Degrowth Politics 75
- 5 Sustainable Welfare: Decoupling Welfare from Growth and Prioritising Needs Satisfaction for All 89
-
Part II: Degrowth in Practice
- Introduction 107
- 6 How and Who? The Debate About a Strategy for Degrowth 109
- 7 Translating Degrowth: From Policy Proposals to Praxis 129
- 8 Living in Abundance: Tool Libraries for Convivial Degrowth 149
- 9 Materialising Degrowth Agrifood Architecture with Earth 167
- 10 They Want Us to Live in Caves: Degrowth and the Housing Question 191
-
Part III: The Urban and the Rural
- Introduction 211
- 11 The Case for Solidary Degrowth Spaces. Five Propositions on the Challenging Project of Spatialising Degrowth 213
- 12 Urban Degrowth 233
- 13 Land Commodification: A Structural Barrier to Degrowth Transition 251
- 14 Agroecology as Degrowth in Practice: Resistance Rooted in Human- Nature Relationality 273
- 15 Organising Nature Through Urban Gardening 291
-
Part IV: Critical Connections
- Introduction 309
- 16 Interlocking Crises, Intersectional Visions: Ecofeminist Political Economy in Conversation with Degrowth 311
- 17 Dependency, Delinking and Degrowth in a New Developmental Era: Debates from Argentina 327
- 18 Degrowth and Psychoanalysis: From Transition to Transformation 339
- 19 Degrowth Disagreements with Marxism: Critical Perspectives on the Fetishisation of Value and Productivity 361
- 20 Not Just Newer, but Fewer: A Bridge Between Ecomodernism and Degrowth? 377
-
Part V: Degrowth and the Global South
- Introduction 395
- 21 From Marxist Development Theories to Their Translation in the Degrowth Discourse: Transforming Unequal International Structures for Environmental Sustainability 397
- 22 Radical Ecological Democracy: Reflections from the South on Degrowth 417
- 23 Degrowth Beyond the Metropole: Theory and Praxis for a Revolutionary Degrowth 427
- 24 Growing Degrowth: Alliances with Environmental Movements in the Global South 447
- 25 ‘For the Greater Good’– Green Sacrifice Zones and Subaltern Resistance: The Politics and Potential of Degrowth and Post-Extractivist Futures 461
- List of Figures 479
- About the Editors 481
- Index 483