29 Understanding applicatives
-
Maria Polinsky
Abstract
This chapter presents and analyzes the main criterial properties of applicative constructions as proposed by Zúñiga and Creissels in their introductory chapter. These properties are as follows: (i) applicativization, as a subtype of nucleativization, alters the status of non-agentive non-subject arguments; (ii) the predicate in the applicative construction has overt morphological marking that sets it apart from the base-construction predicate; (iii) the applied phrase has a role other than S or A and refers to a participant that either requires a non-core coding different from its coding in the base construction or cannot be expressed at all in the latter. While generally in agreement with these criteria, the chapter proposes some adjustments to and expansions of all three of these properties. Concerning property (i), the chapter discusses the connection between causativization and applicativization, which is manifested through common causative- applicative syncretism. With regard to (ii), it argues for loosening the restriction on overt morphological marking of the applied verb, which would allow us to capture language- internal inconsistency in applicative marking and include agreement exponents as signals of the applicative as well. With respect to property (iii), the chapter advocates the inclusion of constructions with an external object possessor (object possessorraising constructions) in the range of applicatives.
Abstract
This chapter presents and analyzes the main criterial properties of applicative constructions as proposed by Zúñiga and Creissels in their introductory chapter. These properties are as follows: (i) applicativization, as a subtype of nucleativization, alters the status of non-agentive non-subject arguments; (ii) the predicate in the applicative construction has overt morphological marking that sets it apart from the base-construction predicate; (iii) the applied phrase has a role other than S or A and refers to a participant that either requires a non-core coding different from its coding in the base construction or cannot be expressed at all in the latter. While generally in agreement with these criteria, the chapter proposes some adjustments to and expansions of all three of these properties. Concerning property (i), the chapter discusses the connection between causativization and applicativization, which is manifested through common causative- applicative syncretism. With regard to (ii), it argues for loosening the restriction on overt morphological marking of the applied verb, which would allow us to capture language- internal inconsistency in applicative marking and include agreement exponents as signals of the applicative as well. With respect to property (iii), the chapter advocates the inclusion of constructions with an external object possessor (object possessorraising constructions) in the range of applicatives.
Chapters in this book
- Frontmatter I
- Purpose and Aim of the Series V
- Contents VII
-
Part I: General chapters
- 1 Applicative constructions: An introductory overview 1
- 2 Questionnaire on applicative constructions 57
- 3 Languages examined or referred to in the present book 61
-
Part II: Case studies
-
Individual languages
- 4 Hul’q’umi’num’ Salish applicative constructions 79
- 5 Applicatives in Upper Necaxa Totonac 115
- 6 Applicatives in Toba/Qom (Guaykuruan) 143
- 7 The applicative constructions of Mapudungun 179
- 8 Applicative constructions and non-applicative uses of applicative morphology in Tswana (Bantu) 211
- 9 Applicativization in Amharic 243
- 10 Applicative constructions in Standard Indonesian (Bahasa Indonesia) 279
-
Areal overviews
- 11 Contact-induced diffusion of applicatives in northwestern Amazonia? 307
- 12 Applicatives in Papuan languages 347
- 13 Applicative constructions in Australian Aboriginal languages 391
- 14 Applicativizing preverbs in selected European languages 419
-
Genealogical overviews
- 15 Applicatives in Northern Uto-Aztecan languages 475
- 16 Applicative constructions in Uto-Aztecan languages from Northwestern Mexico 509
- 17 Applicative constructions in the Inuit-Yupik-Unangan (Eskimo-Aleut) languages 557
- 18 Applicatives across Algonquian 601
- 19 Applicative constructions in Mayan languages: An overview with special focus on Chontal 645
- 20 Applicative constructions in two Otomanguean families: Otomi and Zapotec 679
- 21 The polyfunctional applicative *-ɪd in Bantu languages 719
- 22 B-applicatives and I-applicatives in Atlantic languages (Niger-Congo) 749
- 23 Nilotic applicatives 783
- 24 Applicative constructions in Cushitic 835
- 25 Applicative constructions in the Northwest Caucasian languages 869
- 26 Applicative constructions in Kartvelian 913
- 27 Applicative derivations in Kiranti 943
- 28 Applicative constructions in languages of western Indonesia 971
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Part III: Theoretical/Comparative outlook
- 29 Understanding applicatives 1007
- 30 Applicatives cross-linguistically: Features and distribution 1033
- 31 Applicative and related constructions: Results and perspectives 1045
- Language index 1077
- Subject index 1083
Chapters in this book
- Frontmatter I
- Purpose and Aim of the Series V
- Contents VII
-
Part I: General chapters
- 1 Applicative constructions: An introductory overview 1
- 2 Questionnaire on applicative constructions 57
- 3 Languages examined or referred to in the present book 61
-
Part II: Case studies
-
Individual languages
- 4 Hul’q’umi’num’ Salish applicative constructions 79
- 5 Applicatives in Upper Necaxa Totonac 115
- 6 Applicatives in Toba/Qom (Guaykuruan) 143
- 7 The applicative constructions of Mapudungun 179
- 8 Applicative constructions and non-applicative uses of applicative morphology in Tswana (Bantu) 211
- 9 Applicativization in Amharic 243
- 10 Applicative constructions in Standard Indonesian (Bahasa Indonesia) 279
-
Areal overviews
- 11 Contact-induced diffusion of applicatives in northwestern Amazonia? 307
- 12 Applicatives in Papuan languages 347
- 13 Applicative constructions in Australian Aboriginal languages 391
- 14 Applicativizing preverbs in selected European languages 419
-
Genealogical overviews
- 15 Applicatives in Northern Uto-Aztecan languages 475
- 16 Applicative constructions in Uto-Aztecan languages from Northwestern Mexico 509
- 17 Applicative constructions in the Inuit-Yupik-Unangan (Eskimo-Aleut) languages 557
- 18 Applicatives across Algonquian 601
- 19 Applicative constructions in Mayan languages: An overview with special focus on Chontal 645
- 20 Applicative constructions in two Otomanguean families: Otomi and Zapotec 679
- 21 The polyfunctional applicative *-ɪd in Bantu languages 719
- 22 B-applicatives and I-applicatives in Atlantic languages (Niger-Congo) 749
- 23 Nilotic applicatives 783
- 24 Applicative constructions in Cushitic 835
- 25 Applicative constructions in the Northwest Caucasian languages 869
- 26 Applicative constructions in Kartvelian 913
- 27 Applicative derivations in Kiranti 943
- 28 Applicative constructions in languages of western Indonesia 971
-
Part III: Theoretical/Comparative outlook
- 29 Understanding applicatives 1007
- 30 Applicatives cross-linguistically: Features and distribution 1033
- 31 Applicative and related constructions: Results and perspectives 1045
- Language index 1077
- Subject index 1083
