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Calypso and the Underworld: The Limits of Comparison

  • Christopher Metcalf
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Between the Worlds
This chapter is in the book Between the Worlds

Abstract

The island of Calypso, as depicted in Homer’s Odyssey, has often been seen as a sinister idyll that has some features in common with the underworld, and Calypso herself has been described in modern scholarship as a veiled representative of death. Proponents of this interpretation, which was formulated more than one hundred years ago and remains popular today, have often made use of comparative arguments that are based on similarities to underworldepisodes in early Greek epic, or IndoEuropean etymologies of the name Calypso, or the supposed influence of ancient Near Eastern mythology (Ištar/Gilgameš). The present contribution argues that none of these comparative approaches have been successful, and that the underworldtheory should be abandoned. Some key passages of the Calypsoepisode can be rescued from past misinterpretation.

Abstract

The island of Calypso, as depicted in Homer’s Odyssey, has often been seen as a sinister idyll that has some features in common with the underworld, and Calypso herself has been described in modern scholarship as a veiled representative of death. Proponents of this interpretation, which was formulated more than one hundred years ago and remains popular today, have often made use of comparative arguments that are based on similarities to underworldepisodes in early Greek epic, or IndoEuropean etymologies of the name Calypso, or the supposed influence of ancient Near Eastern mythology (Ištar/Gilgameš). The present contribution argues that none of these comparative approaches have been successful, and that the underworldtheory should be abandoned. Some key passages of the Calypsoepisode can be rescued from past misinterpretation.

Chapters in this book

  1. Frontmatter I
  2. Inhaltsverzeichnis V
  3. Zwischen den Welten: Kontexte, Quellen und Analogien zu skandinavischen Jenseits- und Andersweltreisen 1
  4. 1. Die altnordische und altsächsisch-altenglische literarische Überlieferung
  5. Journeys to Other Worlds in pre-Christian Scandinavian Mythology: Different Worlds – Different Purposes 15
  6. Quest in die Unterwelt. Narrative Metamorphosen von Jenseitsreisen und anderen phantastischen Fahrten in Sagaliteratur und Eddischer Dichtung 31
  7. Zwischen Diesseits und Jenseits. Die skandinavischen Gedichte Draumkvæði und Sólarljóð 43
  8. Der Teufel im sächsischen Garten: Loki und eine Jenseitsreise in der altsächsisch-altenglischen Genesis B 76
  9. 2. Archäologie
  10. Die Jenseitsreise auf den Bildsteinen Gotlands 117
  11. The Possibilities for an Afterlife. Souls and Cosmology in the Nordic Bronze Age 185
  12. The Slavic Way of Death. Archaeological Perspectives on Otherworld Journeys in Early Medieval Poland 203
  13. 3. Mittellateinische und keltische Überlieferungen
  14. Nigromantie in den Tod- und Jenseits-Exempla des Dialogus miraculorum des Caesarius von Heisterbach 251
  15. The Question of Irish Analogues in Old Norse- Icelandic Voyage Tales in the fornaldarsögur and the Gesta Danorum of Saxo Grammaticus 283
  16. Andersweltreisen der Kelten in der antiken Literatur: ein kurzer Baedeker 346
  17. 4. Die antike Mittelmeerwelt und der Alte Orient
  18. Die Reise zu den Inseln der Seligen von Hesiod bis Lukian 373
  19. Märchenhexe oder göttliche Ritualexpertin? Kirke und Kult im Kontext der homerischen Nekyia 389
  20. Calypso and the Underworld: The Limits of Comparison 417
  21. Wege der Lebenden ins ‚Land ohne Wiederkehr‘ in Mythen und Ritualen der mesopotamischen Antike 432
  22. 5. Finno-ugrische Perspektiven
  23. “Hard it is to stir my tongue”: Raiding the Otherworld for Poetic Inspiration 461
  24. uupui kolmea sanoa (‚es fehlten ihm drei Zauberworte‘) – Die Jenseitsreisen der Kalevala-Helden 554
  25. Practice-Bound Variation in Cosmology? A Case Study of Movement between Worlds in Finno-Karelian Traditions 566
  26. Register
  27. Namen und Begriffe 693
  28. Wissenschaftliche Autoren 703
  29. Orte 707
  30. Texte 713
  31. Bilddenkmäler 721
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