8.4 Dictionaries of Language Difficulties
-
Isabela Nedelcu
Abstract
This article presents a series of recent studies on the mistakes and difficulties - leading to mistakes - that are manifested at every linguistic level: phonetic, morphologic, syntactic, lexical and semantic. Among the studies described here, there are dictionaries as well as other books written in a form resembling dictionaries to a greater or lesser extent, which discuss different aspects of standard language. The main section dedicated to these studies is preceded by a short overview presenting the preoccupations for the standardization of Romanian. The overview implicitly refers to aspects that facilitate understanding the relation between norm and deviation from the norm, language dynamics and the norm itself.
Abstract
This article presents a series of recent studies on the mistakes and difficulties - leading to mistakes - that are manifested at every linguistic level: phonetic, morphologic, syntactic, lexical and semantic. Among the studies described here, there are dictionaries as well as other books written in a form resembling dictionaries to a greater or lesser extent, which discuss different aspects of standard language. The main section dedicated to these studies is preceded by a short overview presenting the preoccupations for the standardization of Romanian. The overview implicitly refers to aspects that facilitate understanding the relation between norm and deviation from the norm, language dynamics and the norm itself.
Chapters in this book
- Frontmatter i
- Manuals of Romance Linguistics v
- Preface vii
- Table of Contents ix
- Abbreviations xiii
-
Introduction
- 0. Romance Standardology: Roots and Traditions 3
-
Theories of Linguistic Norm
- 1. Linguistic Norm in Classical Grammar and Rhetoric 63
- 2. Linguistic Norm in the Prague School of Linguistics 107
- 3. Linguistic Norm in the Linguistic Theory of Eugenio Coseriu 127
- 4. Linguistic Norm in Sociolinguistics 145
- 5. Linguistic Norm in Linguistic Pragmatics 165
- 6. Linguistic Norm in Cognitive Linguistics 183
- 7. Linguistic Norm in Discourse Linguistics 209
-
Instruments and Reference Tools for Language Codification and Modernization
-
8. Romanian
- 8.1 Orthography and Orthoepy 231
- 8.2 Normative Grammars 245
- 8.3 Normative Dictionaries 261
- 8.4 Dictionaries of Language Difficulties 281
-
9. Italian
- 9.1 Orthography and Orthoepy 297
- 9.2 Normative Grammars 317
- 9.3 Normative Dictionaries 341
- 9.4 Dictionaries of Language Difficulties 373
-
10. French
- 10.1 Orthography and Orthoepy 399
- 10.2 Normative Grammars 417
- 10.3 Normative Dictionaries 441
- 10.4 Dictionaries of Language Difficulties 461
-
11. Catalan
- 11.1 Orthography and Orthoepy 481
- 11.2 Normative Grammars 497
- 11.3 Normative Dictionaries 519
- 11.4 Dictionaries of Language Difficulties 535
-
12. Spanish
- 12.1 Orthography and Orthoepy 559
- 12.2 Normative Grammars 581
- 12.3 Normative Dictionaries 605
- 12.4 Dictionaries of Language Difficulties 629
-
13. Portuguese
- 13.1 Orthography and Orthoepy 651
- 13.2 Normative Grammars 679
- 13.3 Normative Dictionaries 701
- 13.4 Dictionaries of Language Difficulties 725
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14. “Minor” Romance Languages
- 14.1 “Minor” Italo-Romance Languages 747
- 14.2 “Minor” Gallo-Romance Languages 773
- 14.3 “Minor” Ibero-Romance Languages 809
- 14.4 Romance-based Creoles 831
- Index of subjects 851
Chapters in this book
- Frontmatter i
- Manuals of Romance Linguistics v
- Preface vii
- Table of Contents ix
- Abbreviations xiii
-
Introduction
- 0. Romance Standardology: Roots and Traditions 3
-
Theories of Linguistic Norm
- 1. Linguistic Norm in Classical Grammar and Rhetoric 63
- 2. Linguistic Norm in the Prague School of Linguistics 107
- 3. Linguistic Norm in the Linguistic Theory of Eugenio Coseriu 127
- 4. Linguistic Norm in Sociolinguistics 145
- 5. Linguistic Norm in Linguistic Pragmatics 165
- 6. Linguistic Norm in Cognitive Linguistics 183
- 7. Linguistic Norm in Discourse Linguistics 209
-
Instruments and Reference Tools for Language Codification and Modernization
-
8. Romanian
- 8.1 Orthography and Orthoepy 231
- 8.2 Normative Grammars 245
- 8.3 Normative Dictionaries 261
- 8.4 Dictionaries of Language Difficulties 281
-
9. Italian
- 9.1 Orthography and Orthoepy 297
- 9.2 Normative Grammars 317
- 9.3 Normative Dictionaries 341
- 9.4 Dictionaries of Language Difficulties 373
-
10. French
- 10.1 Orthography and Orthoepy 399
- 10.2 Normative Grammars 417
- 10.3 Normative Dictionaries 441
- 10.4 Dictionaries of Language Difficulties 461
-
11. Catalan
- 11.1 Orthography and Orthoepy 481
- 11.2 Normative Grammars 497
- 11.3 Normative Dictionaries 519
- 11.4 Dictionaries of Language Difficulties 535
-
12. Spanish
- 12.1 Orthography and Orthoepy 559
- 12.2 Normative Grammars 581
- 12.3 Normative Dictionaries 605
- 12.4 Dictionaries of Language Difficulties 629
-
13. Portuguese
- 13.1 Orthography and Orthoepy 651
- 13.2 Normative Grammars 679
- 13.3 Normative Dictionaries 701
- 13.4 Dictionaries of Language Difficulties 725
-
14. “Minor” Romance Languages
- 14.1 “Minor” Italo-Romance Languages 747
- 14.2 “Minor” Gallo-Romance Languages 773
- 14.3 “Minor” Ibero-Romance Languages 809
- 14.4 Romance-based Creoles 831
- Index of subjects 851
