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Nitrides and carbonitrides from the lowermost mantle and their importance in the search for Earth’s “lost” nitrogen

  • Felix Kaminsky EMAIL logo and Richard Wirth
Published/Copyright: July 31, 2017
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American Mineralogist
From the journal American Mineralogist Volume 102 Issue 8

Abstract

The first finds of iron nitrides and carbonitride as inclusions in lower-mantle diamond from Rio Soriso, Brazil, are herein reported. These grains were identified and studied with the use of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron diffraction analysis (EDX), and electron energy loss spectra (EELS). Among nitrides, trigonal Fe3N and orthorhombic Fe2N are present. Carbonitride is trigonal Fe9(N0.8C0.2)4. These mineral phases associate with iron carbide, Fe7C3, silicon carbide, SiC, Cr-Mn-Fe and Mn-Fe oxides; the latter may be termed Mn-rich xieite. Our identified finds demonstrate a wide field of natural compositions from pure carbide to pure nitride, with multiple stoichiometries from M5(C,N)3 to M23(C,N)6 and with M/(C,N) from 1.65 to 3.98. We conclude that the studied iron nitrides and carbonitrides were formed in the lowermost mantle as the result of the infiltration of liquid metal, containing light elements from the outer core into the D″ layer, with the formation of the association: native Fe0 + iron nitrides, carbides, and transitional compounds + silicon carbide. They indicated that major reservoirs of nitrogen should be expected in the core and in the lowermost mantle, providing some solution to the problem of nitrogen balance in the Earth.

Keywords: Nitride; carbide; nitrogen; lower mantle

Acknowledgments

The authors thank Anja Schreiber for milling FIB foils from diamond samples and A. Shiryaev and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive criticism, which helped us to improve the manuscript. Particular thanks are also due to the Editor Fabrizio Nestola for his efficient handling of the manuscript.

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Received: 2017-2-4
Accepted: 2017-4-28
Published Online: 2017-7-31
Published in Print: 2017-8-28

© 2017 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston

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https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2017-6101
Keywords for this article
Nitride; carbide; nitrogen; lower mantle

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  3. Outlooks in Earth and Planetary Materials
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  26. Analysis of erionites from volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks and possible implications for toxicological research
  28. Reconstructive phase transitions induced by temperature in gmelinite-Na zeolite
  30. Smoking gun for thallium geochemistry in volcanic arcs: Nataliyamalikite, TlI, a new thallium mineral from an active fumarole at Avacha Volcano, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia
  32. How to facet gem-quality chrysoberyl: Clues from the relationship between color and pleochroism, with spectroscopic analysis and colorimetric parameters
  33. Letter
  34. Mn-Fe systematics in major planetary body reservoirs in the solar system and the positioning of the Angrite Parent Body: A crystal-chemical perspective
  35. Letter
  36. Dolomite-IV: Candidate structure for a carbonate in the Earth’s lower mantle
  37. Book Review
  38. Book Review
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