Tungsten Sulfide Nanoflakes: Synthesis by Electrospinning and Their Gas Sensing Properties
-
Ke Wang
,
Xiang Qin
Abstract
Tungsten sulfide (WS2) nanoflakes were successfully prepared via electrospinning with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as organic solvent. In addition, Ag-deposited WS2 (Ag-WS2) was obtained by chemical blending/calcination method. The structure and morphology of as-prepared materials were characterised by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively. The XRD result shows that the prepared WS2 has a graphene-like structure with P63/mmc space group symmetry. The SEM illuminates that the sensing samples have nanoflake appearance. Furthermore, heater-type gas sensors were fabricated based on WS2 and Ag-WS2 nanomaterials. The sensing responses of WS2 and Ag-WS2 on the ammonia (NH3), ethanol (C2H5OH), and acetone (C3H6O) were investigated at about 220°C. The results indicate that gas sensor based on WS2 and Ag-WS2 nanoflakes has 60 ppm sensing threshold value for ammonia. One possible gas sensing mechanism of WS2 and Ag-WS2 gas sensors is surface control via charge transfer.
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 51574054), the Program for Innovation Team Building at Institutions of Higher Education in Chongqing (Grant no. CXTDX201601030), and the Postgraduate Research Innovation Project of Chongqing (Grant nos. CYS15219, CYS16215).
References
[1] G. F. Fine, L. M. Cavanagh, A. Afonja, and R. Binions, Sensors 10, 5469 (2010).10.3390/s100605469Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
[2] E. Brunet, T. Maier, G. C. Mutinati, S. Steinhauer, A. Köck, C. Gspan, and W. Grogger, Sens. Actuators B 165, 110 (2012).10.1016/j.snb.2012.02.025Search in Google Scholar
[3] Y. J. Choi, I. S. Hwang, J. G. Park, K. J. Choi, J. H. Park, and J. H. Lee, Nanotech. 19, 095508 (2008).10.1088/0957-4484/19/9/095508Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[4] S. Yi, S. Tian, D. Zeng, K. Xu, S. Zhang, and C. Xie, Sens. Actuators B 185, 345 (2013).10.1016/j.snb.2013.05.007Search in Google Scholar
[5] B. J. Kim, I. G. Song, and J. S. Kim, Electron Mater. Lett. 10, 509 (2014).10.1007/s13391-013-3133-zSearch in Google Scholar
[6] M. Righettoni, A. Tricoli, and S. E. Pratsinis, Anal. Chem. 82, 3581 (2010).10.1021/ac902695nSearch in Google Scholar PubMed
[7] Q. Jia, H. Ji, P. Gao, H. M. Ji, and Z. G. Jin, J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. El. 26,5792 (2015).10.1007/s10854-015-3138-5Search in Google Scholar
[8] J. M. Smulko, M. Trawka, C. G. Granqvist, R. Ionescu, F. Annanouch, E. Llobet, and L. B. Kish, Sens. Rev. 35, 340 (2015).10.1108/SR-12-2014-0747Search in Google Scholar
[9] S. K. Lee, D. Chang, and S. W. Kim, J. Hazard Mater. 268, 110 (2014).10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.12.049Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[10] S. Sharma, S. Hussain, S. Singh, and S. Islam, Sens. Actuators B 194, 213 (2014).10.1016/j.snb.2013.12.050Search in Google Scholar
[11] C. M. Viegas, Â. Zanatta, M. Grings, F. Hickmann, W. Monteiro, L. Soares, Â. Sitta, G. Leipnitz, F. Oliveira, and M. Wajner, Free Radic. Res. 48, 659 (2014).10.3109/10715762.2014.898842Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[12] C. H. Cheng, F. F. Yang, R. Z. Ling, S. A. Liao, Y. T. Miao, C. X. Ye, and A. L. Wang, Aquat. Toxicol. 164, 61 (2015).10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.04.004Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[13] S. N. Irving and L. Richard, Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, Amsterdam: Editorial Van Nostran Reinhols, 1989.Search in Google Scholar
[14] M. W. Iqbal, M. Z. Iqbal, M. F. Khan, M. A. Kamran, A. Majid, T. Alharbi, and J. Eom, RSC Adv. 6, 24675 (2016).10.1039/C6RA02390HSearch in Google Scholar
[15] G. V. Bianco, M. Losurdo, M. M. Giangregorio, A. Sacchetti, P. Prete, N. Lovergine, P. Capezzuto, and G. Bruno, RSC Adv. 5, 98700 (2015).10.1039/C5RA19698ASearch in Google Scholar
[16] D. Raichman, R. B. S. Binyamini, and J. P. Lellouche, RSC Adv. 6, 4490 (2016).10.1039/C5RA21370CSearch in Google Scholar
[17] X. Quan, X. Gao, L. Weng, M. Hu, D. Jiang, D. Wang, J. Sun, and W. Liu, RSC Adv. 5, 64892 (2015).10.1039/C5RA10009GSearch in Google Scholar
[18] Y. Zhu, X. Zhang, Y. Ji, Y. Feng, and J. Zhang, J. Nanosci. Nanotech. 13, 1983 (2013).10.1166/jnn.2013.7139Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[19] D. Voiry, H. Yamaguchi, J. Li, R. Silva, D. C. B. Alves, T. Fujita, M. Chen, T. Asefa, V. B. Shenoy, G. Eda, and M. Chhowalla, Nat. Mater. 12, 850 (2013).10.1038/nmat3700Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[20] X. Yang, V. Salles, Y. V. Kaneti, M. Liu, M. Maillard, C. Jounmet, X. Jiang, and A. Brioude, Sens. Actuators B 220, 1112 (2015).10.1016/j.snb.2015.05.121Search in Google Scholar
[21] S. W. Choi, A. Katoch, J. Zhang, and S. S. Kim, Sens. Actuators B 176, 585 (2013).10.1016/j.snb.2012.09.035Search in Google Scholar
[22] P. S. Khiabani, A. Hosseinmardi, E. Marzbanrad, S. Ghashghaie, C. Zamani, M. Keyanpour-Rad, and B. Raissi, Sens. Actuators B 162, 102 (2012).10.1016/j.snb.2011.12.043Search in Google Scholar
[23] R. Murugan, V. J. Babu, Mya Mya Khin, A. S. Nair, and S. Ramakrishna, Mater. Lett. 97, 47 (2013).10.1016/j.matlet.2013.01.072Search in Google Scholar
[24] C. Zhao, B. Huang, E. Xie, J. Zhou, and Z. Zhang, Sens. Actuators B 207, 313 (2015).10.1016/j.snb.2014.10.087Search in Google Scholar
[25] A. Baranowska-Korczyc, K. Sobczak, P. Dłużewski, A. Reszka, B. J. Kowalski, Ł. Kłopotowski, D. Elbauma, and K. Fronca, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 17, 24029 (2015).10.1039/C5CP02278ASearch in Google Scholar
[26] T. Ishihara, K. Kometani, Y. Nishi, and Y. Takita, Sens. Actuators B 28, 49 (1995).10.1016/0925-4005(94)01539-TSearch in Google Scholar
[27] S. Zhou, J. Chen, L. Gan, Q. Zhang, Z. Zheng, and H. Li, Sci. Bull. 61, 227 (2016).10.1007/s11434-015-0992-8Search in Google Scholar
[28] Y. Wang, X. Cui, Q. Yang, J. Liu, Y. Gao, P. Sun, and G. Lu. Sens. Actuators B 225, 544 (2015).10.1016/j.snb.2015.11.065Search in Google Scholar
[29] S. Sun, W. Wang, S. Zeng, M. Shang, and L. Zhang, J. Hazard. Mater. 178, 427 (2010).10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.01.098Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[30] Y. F. Sun, S. B. Liu, F. L. Meng, J. Y. Liu, J. Zheng, L. T. Kong, and J. H. Liu, Sensors 12, 2610 (2012).10.3390/s120302610Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
[31] P. Rai, S. Raj, K. J. Ko, K. K. Park, and Y. T. Yu, Sens. Actuators B 178, 107 (2013).10.1016/j.snb.2012.12.031Search in Google Scholar
[32] A. S. M. I. Uddin, D. T. Phan, and G. S. Chung, Sens. Actuators B 207, 362 (2015).10.1016/j.snb.2014.10.091Search in Google Scholar
[33] J. Ma, Y. Liu, H. Zhang, P. Ai, N. Gong, Y. Wu, and D. Yu, Sens. Actuators B 216, 72 (2015).10.1016/j.snb.2015.04.025Search in Google Scholar
[34] E. Llobet, Sens. Actuators B 179, 32 (2013).10.1016/j.snb.2012.11.014Search in Google Scholar
[35] K. K. Makhlja, A. Ray, R. M. Patel, U. B. Trivedi, and H. N. Kapse, Bull. Mater. Sci. 28, 9 (2005).10.1007/BF02711165Search in Google Scholar
[36] C. Wang, L. Yin, L. Zhang, D. Xiang, and R. Gao, Sensors 10, 2088 (2010).10.3390/s100302088Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
[37] Q. Jia, H. Ji, Y. Zhang, Y. Chen, X. Sun, and Z. Jin, J. Hazard Mater. 276, 262 (2014).10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.05.044Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[38] S. Some, Y. Xu, Y. Kim, Y. Yoon, H. Qin, A. Kulkarni, T. Kim, and H. Lee, Sci. Rep. 3, 1868 (2013).10.1038/srep01868Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
[39] D. An, Q. Wang, X. Tong, Q. Zhou, Z. Li, Y. Zou, X. Lian, and Y. Li, Sens. Actuators B 213, 155 (2015).10.1016/j.snb.2015.02.042Search in Google Scholar
[40] F. Gao, G. Qin, Y. Li, Q. Jiang, L. Luo, K. Zhao, Y. Liu, and H. Zhao, RSC Adv. 6, 10298 (2016).10.1039/C5RA27270JSearch in Google Scholar
©2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- On Type-II Bäcklund Transformation for the MKdV Hierarchy
- Elastic Properties and Electronic Structure of WS2 under Pressure from First-principles Calculations
- Study of Caking of Powders Using NQR Relaxometry with Inversion of the Laplace Transform
- Rogue Waves and Hybrid Solutions of the Boussinesq Equation
- Exact Solution for Capillary Bridges Properties by Shooting Method
- Structural, Electronic, and Mechanical Properties of CoN and NiN: An Ab Initio Study
- On the Heisenberg Supermagnet Model in (2+1)-Dimensions
- Breathers and Rogue Waves for the Fourth-Order Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation
- Study on the Spectrum of Photonic Crystal Cavity and Its Application in Measuring the Concentration of NaCl Solution
- Potential Systems and Nonlocal Conservation Laws of Prandtl Boundary Layer Equations on the Surface of a Sphere
- Density and Adiabatic Compressibility of the Immiscible Molten AgBr+LiCl Mixture
- Kaluza–Klein Bulk Viscous Fluid Cosmological Models and the Validity of the Second Law of Thermodynamics in f(R, T) Gravity
- Tungsten Sulfide Nanoflakes: Synthesis by Electrospinning and Their Gas Sensing Properties
- Crystal Structure and Bonding Analysis of (La0.8Ca0.2)(Cr0.9−x Co0.1Cux)O3 Ceramics
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- On Type-II Bäcklund Transformation for the MKdV Hierarchy
- Elastic Properties and Electronic Structure of WS2 under Pressure from First-principles Calculations
- Study of Caking of Powders Using NQR Relaxometry with Inversion of the Laplace Transform
- Rogue Waves and Hybrid Solutions of the Boussinesq Equation
- Exact Solution for Capillary Bridges Properties by Shooting Method
- Structural, Electronic, and Mechanical Properties of CoN and NiN: An Ab Initio Study
- On the Heisenberg Supermagnet Model in (2+1)-Dimensions
- Breathers and Rogue Waves for the Fourth-Order Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation
- Study on the Spectrum of Photonic Crystal Cavity and Its Application in Measuring the Concentration of NaCl Solution
- Potential Systems and Nonlocal Conservation Laws of Prandtl Boundary Layer Equations on the Surface of a Sphere
- Density and Adiabatic Compressibility of the Immiscible Molten AgBr+LiCl Mixture
- Kaluza–Klein Bulk Viscous Fluid Cosmological Models and the Validity of the Second Law of Thermodynamics in f(R, T) Gravity
- Tungsten Sulfide Nanoflakes: Synthesis by Electrospinning and Their Gas Sensing Properties
- Crystal Structure and Bonding Analysis of (La0.8Ca0.2)(Cr0.9−x Co0.1Cux)O3 Ceramics
