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Serum FGF-21 and FGF-23 in association with gestational diabetes: a longitudinal case-control study

  • Maryam Mosavat ORCID logo EMAIL logo , Siti Zawiah Omar and Pavai Sthanshewar
Published/Copyright: March 13, 2020

Abstract

Background

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs); FGF-21 and FGF-23, have been proposed to be associated with metabolic syndrome. However, data on the role of these peptides in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are limited. Therefore, this study was designed to assess the association of serum FGF-21 and FGF-23 with the risk of GDM. Furthermore, we evaluated the circulation of these peptides in pregnancy and post-puerperium.

Materials and methods

Fifty-three pregnant subjects with GDM and 43 normal glucose tolerance (NGT) pregnant women participated in this study. Serum FGF-21 and FGF-23 were measured during pregnancy and post-puerperium.

Results

FGF-21 and FGF-23 were low in GDM compared to NGT during pregnancy. There were no significant differences in the level of these peptides post-puerperium. Using logistic regression, FGF-23 [odds ratio (OR) 0.70 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.50–0.96)] was inversely associated with GDM, so a 1-μg/mL decrease in FGF-23 levels was associated with a 1.4-fold increased risk of developing GDM and this remained statistically significant after adjustment for confounders [adjusted OR (aOR) 0.70 (95% CI: 0.50–0.98)]. There was no association of FGF-21 with the development of GDM risk.

Conclusions

Lower FGF-23 concentrations could be involved in the pathophysiology of GDM. FGF-21, even though associated with metabolic risk factors in pregnancy, may not be a fundamental factor in GDM.

Award Identifier / Grant number: UM.C/625/1/HIR/MOHE/MED/28

Funding statement: The funding of this study was supported by the High Impact Research grant of the Ministry of Higher Education, University Malaysia (UM.C/625/1/HIR/MOHE/MED/28). Funder Id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003093.

Acknowledgments

We greatly acknowledge the assistance of the research staff and women who kindly participated in this study.

Author statement

  1. Conflict of interest: There is no conflict of interest.

  2. Informed consent: Written informed consent was given by the participants prior to the commencement of the study.

  3. Ethical approval: Ethics Committee approval was obtained (reference number 1052.8, MEC ID 201402-0725).

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Received: 2019-08-19
Accepted: 2020-01-15
Published Online: 2020-03-13

© 2020 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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