Home Influence of monometallic and bimetallic phytonanoparticles on physiological status of mezquite
Article Open Access

Influence of monometallic and bimetallic phytonanoparticles on physiological status of mezquite

  • Daniel Gonzalez-Mendoza EMAIL logo , Benjamín Valdez-Salas , Erick Bernardo-Mazariegos , Olivia Tzintzun-Camacho , Federico Gutiérrez-Miceli , Víctor Ruíz-Valdiviezo , Ludwi Rodríguez-Hernández and Gabriela Sanchez-Viveros
Published/Copyright: March 20, 2019
Download Article (PDF)
Open Life Sciences
From the journal Open Life Sciences Volume 14 Issue 1

Abstract

The present study was conducted to evaluate the impact of monometallic and bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) of copper (Cu) and silver (Ag) from Justicia spicigera on the photochemical efficiency and phenol pattern of Prosopis glandulosa. In this study, the existence of localized surface plasmon resonance absorption associated with the nano-sized nature of Ag, Cu and Cu/Ag particles was confirmed by the presence of a single peak around 487, 585, and 487/580 nm respectively. Zeta potential and electrophoretic mobility were found to be 0.2 mV and 0.02 μmcm/(Vs) for synthesized NPs indicating less stability and thus tendency to agglomerate, and broad distribution of particles. Cu-NPs and Cu/Ag-NPs demonstrate that the dispersed phase is stable and has a minimum particle size at zeta potentials above –30 mV. Changes in phenolic compounds, total chlorophyll, and photochemical efficiency in leaves exposed to Ag, Cu and Cu/Ag phyto-nanoparticles were evaluated up to 72 hours. The results revealed that Ag-NP and Cu-NP from J. spicigera at 100 mg/L showed significant reduction in chlorophyll, epidermal polyphenol content and photochemical efficiency of P. glandulosa. In contrast, the application of bimetallic Cu/Ag-NP from J. spicigera showed a positive impact on physiological parameters of P. glandulosa after 72 h of exposure.

Keywords: Justicia spicigera; phyto-nanoparticles; Prosopis glandulosa; chlorophyll fluorescence; agronanotechnology

1 Introduction

Recently, attention has been drawn to the use of plants as a source of bioactive compounds for reduction of metal-nanoparticles (metal-NP) for the elimination of harmful reagents and effective synthesis of expected products through an economical method [1, 2]. Though metal-NPs are found naturally, there should be no doubt that anthropogenic activities play a major role in environmental contamination by nanoparticles [3, 4]. Recent nanotoxicological studies show that Ag and Cu nanoparticles have the potential to cause negative effects on growth and transpiration rates on species of Bacopa monnieri, Triticum aestivum, Phaseolus radiates, respectively [5, 6, 7 , 8]. Additionally, the presence of Ag or Cu-NPs could cause physiological and biochemical changes that adversely affect growth and productivity by reducing photosynthesis in terms of the levels of chlorophyll and induction of excessive amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants [9]. Due to its ecological and commercial importance, Prosopis species has been extensively used in recent years to study the effects of heavy metal contamination in the agroecosystem [10]. Even though the physiological response to heavy metals in Prosopis species has been previously studied, the impact of metal-based phyto-NP on photochemical efficiency and total phenolic content in leaves of P. glandulosa are scarce. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to evaluate the changes in phenolic compound accumulation and photochemical efficiency in leaves of P. glandulosa exposed to Ag, Cu (monometallic) and Cu/Ag (bimetallic) phytoNPs.

2 Methods

2.1 Biosynthesis of nanoparticles (NPs)

The different nanoparticles (Ag, Cu and Ag:Cu) used in the present study were previously obtained from fresh and healthy leaves of J. spicigera plants according to the method proposed by Bernardo-Mazariegos [11].

For metal-NP synthesis, 10 mL of aqueous J. spicigera leaf extract were added into 50 mL of aqueous solution of 10 mM silver nitrate, copper sulphate and silver nitrate/copper sulfate (1:1) for 15 min at 60°C, respectively. The bio-reduction of Cu, Ag and Cu/Ag (1:1) ions was observed by color change from yellow to brown, indicating the formation of NPs at room temperature (Figure 1). The AgNPs were purified by centrifugation at 11,200 g for 15 min and the precipitate was thoroughly washed with sterile distilled water to get rid of any unwanted impurities, and then transferred to a freeze dryer (the powder obtained was used in physiological assays).

Figure 1 Green synthesis of metal-nanoparticles using extracts of Justicia spicigera: a) aqueous extract; b) Cu-phytonanoparticles; c) Ag-phytonanoparticles; d) Ag/Cu phytonanoparticles.
Figure 1

Green synthesis of metal-nanoparticles using extracts of Justicia spicigera: a) aqueous extract; b) Cu-phytonanoparticles; c) Ag-phytonanoparticles; d) Ag/Cu phytonanoparticles.

2.2 Characterization of AgNPs

The process of bio-reduction of Cu, Ag and Cu/Ag (1:1) and the production of NPs, was determined using a spectrophotometer (DR6000™ UV VIS Spectrophotometer, USA) in the wavelength range 350–500 nm, with a resolution of 2 nm and using double distilled water as a blank reference.

2.3 Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV)

DLS and LDV, for characterization of size and zeta potential of the phytonanoparticles in solution, were performed on a Nanotrac Wave instrument (Microtrac) according to the method proposed by Ruiz-Romero [12]. Measurements were made by means of Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) in the range of 0.1-1000 μm at 25°C, using laser wavelength of 780 nm and a scattering angle of 90°. Finally, the DLS data obtained were analyzed using Microtrac FLEX operating software.

2.4 Determination of total phenol and flavonoid contents

The total phenol and flavonoid contents of the extract and metal-NP from J. spicigera were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteau and aluminum chloride colorimetric methods, according to Cervantes-Garcia [13].

The total phenol content was obtained from the calibration curve, and the results were expressed as mg of gallic acid equivalent per gram of dry extract (mg/g) at 760 nm against blank. The content of flavonoids was calculated as mg quercetin equivalents (QE) per gram of dry extract (mg/g). The calibration curve was prepared with quercetin solutions at concentrations from 10 to 100 mg mL-1 in methanol at 510 nm.

2.5 Prosopis glandulosa germination

Prosopis glandulosa seeds previously disinfected with ethanol 70% for 5 min were germinated and grown under laboratory conditions in plastic pots (four seeds per pot) filled with quartz sand and peat moss sterilized by autoclaving at 121°C for 2 h. The seedlings were grown for 4 weeks under 12 h light/12 darkness conditions with 60 % relative air humidity. The seedlings were irrigated daily with deionized water, and every other week were fertilized with Hoagland solution [14].

2.6 Nanoparticle exposure

One-month-old P. glandulosa plants (n = 4) were randomly collected and transferred to individual plastic containers holding 300 mL of water solution prepared with 100 ppm (according to previous studies from our laboratory) of AgNPs, CuNPs and Cu/Ag NPs (relation 1:1), respectively. Physiological parameters in plants were evaluated in each treatment group after 72 h under hydroponic conditions. Control plants for each group were transferred to plastic containers with 300 mL of water without NPs. These exposures were performed in quadruplicate.

2.7 Measuring of Chlorophyll fluorescence in P. glandulosa leaves

The determination of chlorophyll fluorescence was carried out using a portable fluorometer (OS-30p, OPTI-SCIENCE, USA) on completely expanded leaves. The data were recorded from 10 ms up to 1 s with data acquisition at every 10 ms for the first 300 ms, then every 100 ms up to 3 ms and every 1 ms thereafter. The signal resolution was 12 bits (0–4,000). For each treatment, the chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence transients of 4 individual leaves were measured at 24, 48 and 72 h after exposure to metal-NP. Leaves were maintained in darkness for 10 min before taking the data on chlorophyll fluorescence. The maximal intensity of the light source, providing an irradiance saturating pulse of 3,000 mmol photons.m−2.s−1 was used according to Gonzalez-Mendoza [15]. The ratio of variable fluorescence to maximal fluorescence (Fv/Fm) is an indicator of the efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus and was calculated according to the method of Küpper [16].

2.8 Determination of leaf chlorophyll and Epidermal polyphenol content

To measure of leaf chlorophyll (Chl) and polyphenol content (EPhen), the adaxial side of the leaf was measured at 24, 48 and 72 h after exposure to metal-NP using the Dualex (FORCE-A, Orsay, France) and were expressed in arbitrary units (a.u.) according to Gonzalez-Mendoza [15].

2.9 Statistical analysis

Differences between the treatments were analyzed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and means were compared using Tukey’s test (p≤0.05), using SAS Version 9.0.

Significant differences were accepted if p ≤ 0.05 and data was expressed as mean ± standard error. Four biological replicates were analyzed for each variable (chlorophyll fluorescence, leaf chlorophyll and Epidermal polyphenol content).

3 Results

UV-Vis absorption spectra have been proved to be quite sensitive to the formation of metal-nanoparticle colloids (Fig. 1) because nanoparticles exhibit an intense absorption peak due to the surface plasmon. In this study we observed the UV spectra of metal colloids in the range of 300 to 700 nm. Well-defined plasmon bands were observed around 487, 585, and 487/580 nm for Ag, Cu and Cu/Ag, respectively (Fig. 2). The peak of each metal-NP at different absorbance is due to the particle density, which is strongly associated with nano-sized nature of Ag, Cu and Cu/Ag particles. The DLS results for particle size in solution for the Ag, Cu and Cu/Ag nanoparticles are presented in Table 1. Our results showed that Ag-NPs from J.spicigera tended to form agglomerates of similar size when dispersed in water. Additionally, zeta potential and electrophoretic mobility were found to be 0.2 mV and 0.02 μmcm/(Vs) for synthesized AgNPs indicating less stability and thus tendency to agglomerate, and broad distribution of particles. On the other hand, Cu-NP and Cu/Ag-NP from J.spicigera exhibited a different pattern by agglomerating, 225.3 and 53.3 nm, respectively, when dispersed in water. Zeta potential varied widely for these samples, Cu-NPs and Cu/Ag-NPs in aqueous solutions demonstrate that the dispersed phase is stable and has a minimum particle size at zeta potentials above –30 mV (Table 1). In the present study statistical data revealed that the different metal-nanoparticles from J. spicigera differentially affect the content of EPhen in P. glandulosa leaves (Fig. 3). The results showed that in Cu/Ag-NPs treated plants, EPhen content increased significantly (p< 0.05) after 48h and 72 h exposure.

Figure 2 UV-Vis absortion spectrum of phytonanoparticles from Justicia spicigera extract: a) Justicia spicigera extract; b) CuNPs ; c) AgNPs; d) Cu-AgNPs
Figure 2

UV-Vis absortion spectrum of phytonanoparticles from Justicia spicigera extract: a) Justicia spicigera extract; b) CuNPs ; c) AgNPs; d) Cu-AgNPs

Table 1

DLS and LDV data for NP from Justicia spicigera

Particle*DLSLDV
Average diameter (nm)Zeta potential ζ (mV)Electrophoretic mobility U (μmcm/(Vs))
AgNPs190.40.20.02
CuNPs225.3-987.66
Cu/AgNPs53.3-0.20.02

  1. *Particles were dispersed in H2O

Figure 3 Epidermal polyphenols (Dualex units) in the leaves of Prosopis glandulosa exposed to phytonanoparticles from Justicia spicigera extract during an exposure period of 72 h. Different letters above bars indicate significant differences (one way ANOVA, post-ANOVA Tukey’s test).
Figure 3

Epidermal polyphenols (Dualex units) in the leaves of Prosopis glandulosa exposed to phytonanoparticles from Justicia spicigera extract during an exposure period of 72 h. Different letters above bars indicate significant differences (one way ANOVA, post-ANOVA Tukey’s test).

Otherwise a tendency for decreased EPhen values was found in plants in response to Cu-NPs with respect to control during 24h and 72 h of exposure. Finally, the P. glandulosa treated with Ag-NPs did vary with time and doses employed in this experiment (Fig. 3). In the present study P. glandulosa treated with 100 ppm of AgNPs, CuNPs and Cu/Ag NPs from J. spicigera, respectively, showed non significant changes in the Chl values compared to control during 24 h and 72 h of exposure (Fig. 4). However, significant differences for the Cu/Ag-NP treatment were registered for Chl in P.glandulosa after 48 hours of exposure compared with plants treated with Ag and Cu nanoparticles (Fig. 4).

Figure 4 Changes in leaf chlorophyll (Dualex units) in the leaves of Prosopis glandulosa exposed to phytonanoparticles from Justicia spicigera extract during an exposure period of 72 h. Different letters above bars indicate significant differences (one way ANOVA, post-ANOVA Tukey’s test).
Figure 4

Changes in leaf chlorophyll (Dualex units) in the leaves of Prosopis glandulosa exposed to phytonanoparticles from Justicia spicigera extract during an exposure period of 72 h. Different letters above bars indicate significant differences (one way ANOVA, post-ANOVA Tukey’s test).

As shown in Table 2, total phenol and flavonoid contents of the aqueous extract and metal-NP from J. spicigera differed significantly. For example, Cu-NP (219.25 mg GAE g− 1) had the highest total phenol content, followed by Ag-NP (163.13 mg GAE g− 1), Cu/Ag-NP (108.69 GAE g− 1) and leaf extract of J. spicigera (71.49 mg GAE g− 1). On the other hand, leaf extract of J.spicigera had the highest total flavonoid content, followed by Cu-NP, Cu/Ag-NP and Ag-NP (Table 2). The measurements of chlorophyll a fluorescence showed a significant decrease (p< 0.05) in the photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) value of P. glandulosa treated with AgNPs from J.spicigera after 72 hours of exposure compared to control (Fig. 5). In plants treated with Cu and Cu/Ag-NPs, Fv/Fm activity did not show significant change with respect to control plants (Fig.5).

Table 2

Total phenolic and flavonoid content in extract and NPs from Justicia spicigera

Metal-nanoparticlesTotal phenolic content ( mg GAE/g)Total flavonoid content ( mg QE/g)
J. spicigera (control)71.49±0.50c2.21±0.01a
Ag-NPS163.13±2.05b1.83±0.04 c
Cu-NPs219.25±2.94a2.10±0.07b
Cu/Ag-NPs108.69±3.05ab1.95±0.14ab

  1. Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation of values from triplicate experiments. Values with the same letter (a, or b) within each column are equal according to Tukey`s test at p≤0.05.

Figure 5 Variations in potential photochemical yield of PSII in the leaves of Prosopis glandulosa exposed to phytonanoparticles from Justicia spicigera extract during an exposure period of 72 h. Different letters above bars indicate significant differences (one way ANOVA, post-ANOVA Tukey’s test).
Figure 5

Variations in potential photochemical yield of PSII in the leaves of Prosopis glandulosa exposed to phytonanoparticles from Justicia spicigera extract during an exposure period of 72 h. Different letters above bars indicate significant differences (one way ANOVA, post-ANOVA Tukey’s test).

4 Discussion

In this study the synthesis of Cu or Ag and Cu/Ag nanoparticles from J.spicigera showed brown to reddish color in aqueous solution (Fig. 1). Ruiz-Romero [2] and Keihan [17] reported that Ag and Cu nanoparticles from fresh Yucca shilerifera and green tea leaves, respectively, exhibited striking colors, from light yellow to brown in aqueous solution due to the increasing of synthesis of metallic nanoparticles formed as a result of reduction of Ag and Cu ions by secondary metabolites present in the aqueous solution of these plant extracts. In this case, the

flavonoids and phenols compounds in the leaf extract of J.spicigera could be responsible of the reduction of Ag, Cu and Cu/Ag to metal-nanoparticles and provision of stability. As previously reported, [18] metal ions form intermediate complexes with different functional groups, particularly the phenolic compounds present in plant extract. These complexes consequently reduce metal (eg., silver and copper) ions and act as capping agents. However, the probable mechanism is unclear and further investigations are required. Several studies have shown that metal-nanoparticles can have positive and negative effects on the physiological status of plants depending upon the properties of nanomaterials and the mode of application in different plant species [19]. The results of the present study showed that the reduction in Fv/Fm values in P. glandulosa could be a result of negative effects of AgNPs in the structure and composition of photosystem II reaction centers (PS II-RCs) according to Navarro [20]. A similar result has been reported by Jiang [21] who showed that AgNPs significantly decreased physiological parameters such as chlorophyll and chlorophyll fluorescence in Spirodela polyrhiza. In this study, Cu-NPs at a concentration of 100 ppm showed significant reduction in leaf chlorophyll and leaf epidermal polyphenol content of P. glandulosa, specifically during the first hours of treatment (24 and 48 h). Similar results were reported by Nair [22] and Costa [23], respectively, who observed that the application of Cu-nanoparticles (2 to 50 ppm) showed significant reduction in total chlorophyll content and inhibited the growth of plants. Another study showed that treatment of Elodea densa with Cu nanoparticles (1 mg/L) significantly reduced the content of photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence [24]. In contrast, the application of bimetallic Cu-Ag-NPs from J. spicigera showed a positive impact on physiological parameters of P. glandulosa after 72 h of exposure. According to previous work [25], the bimetallic nanoparticles have drawn a greater interest than the monometallic nanoparticles from a biotechnological point of view. In our study Cu/Cu bimetallic NP have more significant effect and showed higher increase in leaf epidermal polyphenols and this may be due to the synergistic effect arising from the Cu/Ag bimetallic NPs. According to Mazhar et al. [26], synergistic effects of two metals in bimetallic nanoparticles can enable certain functions which are otherwise not possible with monometallic nanoparticles alone. Finally bimetallic nanoparticles using plant material provide great opportunities in the field of agriculture and their understanding is important for the effective use of this nanoparticle in various aspects of agronanotechnology. Understanding some positive effects of phytonanoparticles in plants is of vital importance to the fields of agriculture and forestry.

5 Conclusion

The present study showed that bimetallic Cu-Ag-NPs (100 ppm) from Justicia spicigera have a positive impact on physiological parameters of Prosopis glandulosa. Further evaluations in the field are necessary to elucidate fully the biotechnological potential of Justicia spicigera Cu-AgNPs.

Acknowledgements

The research was funded by Universidad Autonoma de Baja California, SEDAGRO, B.C and Tecnológico Nacional de México. Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla-Gutiérrez

  1. Conflict of interest: Authors state no conflict of interest

References

[1] Zhang XF, Liu ZG, Shen W, Gurunathan S. Silver Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, Properties, Applications, and Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci. 2016;17:1534.10.3390/ijms17091534Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[2] Teimouri M, Nejad FK, Attar F, Saboury AA, Kostova I, Benelli G, et al. Green fabricated gold nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, degradation of 4-nitrophenol from industrial wastewater and insecticidal activity a review. J Cleaner Prod. 2018;184:740-753.10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.02.268Search in Google Scholar

[3] Maurer-Jones MA, Gunsolus IL, Murphy CJ, Haynes CL. Toxicity of engineered nanoparticles in the environment. Analyt Chem. 2013;85:3036–3049.10.1021/ac303636sSearch in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[4] Singh S, Parihar P, Singh R, Singh VP, Prasad SM. Heavy metal tolerance in plants: role of transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and ionomic. Front. Plant Sci. 2016;8-6:1143.10.3389/fpls.2015.01143Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[5] Lee WM, An YJ, Yoon H, Kweon HS. Toxicity and bioavailability of copper nanoparticles to the terrestrial plants mungbean Phaseolus radiatus and wheat Triticum aestivum plant agar test for water-insoluble nanoparticles. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2018;27:1915–1921.10.1897/07-481.1Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[6] El-Temsah YS, Joner EJ. Impact of Fe and Ag nanoparticles on seed germination and differences in bioavailability during exposure in aqueous suspension and soil. Environ Toxicol. 2012;27:42–49.10.1002/tox.20610Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[7] Krishnaraj C, Jagan EG, Ramachandran R. Effect of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles on Bacopa monnieri (Linn.) Wettst Plant growth metabolism. Process Biochem. 2012;47:651–658.10.1016/j.procbio.2012.01.006Search in Google Scholar

[8] Soares C, Pereira R, Fidalgo F. Metal-Based Nanomaterials and Oxidative Stress in Plants: Current Aspects and Overview. In: Faisal M, Saquib Q, Alatar AA, Al-Khedhairy AA (Eds.), Phytotoxicity of Nanoparticules. Springer International Publishing, 2018;197-227: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76708-6_810.1007/978-3-319-76708-6_8Search in Google Scholar

[9] Ma C, White JC, Dhankher OP, Xing B. Metal-Based Nanotoxicity and Detoxification Pathways in Higher Plants. Environ Sci Technol. 2015;49:7109.10.1021/acs.est.5b00685Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[10] González-Mendoza D., Troncoso-Rojas R.,Gonzalez-Soto T., Grimaldo-Juarez, O., Ceceña-Duran, C., Duran-Hernandez, D., Gutierrez-Miceli, F. Changes in the phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity, total phenolic compounds, and flavonoids in Prosopis glandulosa treated with cadmium and copper. An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc, 2018, 90,2 1465-1472.10.1590/0001-3765201820170622Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[11] Bernardo-Mazariegos E, Valdez-Salas B, González-Mendoza D, Abdelmoteleb A,Tzintzun Camacho O, Ceceña Duran C, et al. Silver nanoparticles from Justicia spicigera and their antimicrobial potentialities in the biocontrol of foodborne bacteria and phytopathogenic fungi. Rev Argent Microbiol. doi: 10.1016/j.ram.2018.05.002 (2018).10.1016/j.ram.2018.05.002Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[12] Ruiz-Romero P, Valdez-Salas B, González-Mendoza D, Mendez-Trujillo V. Antifungal Effects of Silver Phytonanoparticles from Yucca shilerifera Against Strawberry Soil-Borne Pathogens: Fusarium solani and Macrophomina phaseolina Mycobiologi. 2018;46:47-51.10.1080/12298093.2018.1454011Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[13] Cervantes-Garcia D, González-Mendoza D, Troncoso-Rojas R, Sánchez-Estrada A, Gutierrez-Miceli F, Ceceña-Duran C, et al. Efectos de cadmio en compuestos fenolicos totales y flavonoides de Euglena gracilis Gayana 2016;80:1-5.10.4067/S0717-65382016000100001Search in Google Scholar

[14] Gonzalez-Mendoza D, Moreno AQ, Zapata-Perez O. Coordinated responses of phytochelatin synthase and metallothionein genes in black mangrove, Avicennia germinans exposed to cadmium and copper. Aquatic Toxicol. 2007;83:306–314.10.1016/j.aquatox.2007.05.005Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[15] Gonzalez-Mendoza D, Vianey Mendez-Trujillo V, Grimaldo-Juarez O, Ceceña-Duran C, Tzintzun-Camacho O, Gutierrez-Miceli F, et al. Changes of photochemical efficiency and epidermal polyphenols content of Prosopis glandulosa and Prosopis juliflora leaves exposed to cadmium and copper. Open Life Sci. 2017;12:373-378.10.1515/biol-2017-0043Search in Google Scholar

[16] Küpper H, Šetlík I, Spiller M, Küpper FC, Praśil O. Heavy metal-induced inhibition of photosynthesis: targets of in vivo heavy metal chlorophyll formation,. J Phycol. 2002;38:429–441.10.1046/j.1529-8817.2002.t01-1-01148.xSearch in Google Scholar

[17] Keihan AH, Veisi H, Veasi H. Green synthesis and characterization of spherical copper nanoparticles as organometallic antibacterial agent. Appl. Organomet. Chem. 2016, 10.1002/aoc.3642.10.1002/aoc.3642Search in Google Scholar

[18] Raja S, Ramesh V, Thivaharan V. Green biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Calliandra haematocephala leaf extract, their antibacterial activity and hydrogen peroxide sensing capability. Arab J Chem. 2017;10:253-261.10.1016/j.arabjc.2015.06.023Search in Google Scholar

[19] Feregrino-Perez AA, Magaña-López E, Guzmán C, Esquivel K. A general overview of the benefits and possible negative effects of the nanotechnology in horticulture. Sci Hort. 2018;238:126-137.10.1016/j.scienta.2018.03.060Search in Google Scholar

[20] Navarro E, Piccapietra F, Wagner B, Marconi F, Kaegi R, Odzak N. Toxicity of silver nanoparticles to Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Environ Sci Technol. 2008;42:8959–8964.10.1021/es801785mSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

[21] Jiang H, Li M, Chang F, Li W, Yin L. Physiological analysis of silver nanoparticles and AgNO3 toxicity to Spirodela polyrrhiza Environ Toxicol Chem.2012;31:1880–1996.10.1002/etc.1899Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[22] Nair PMG, Chung IM. Impact of copper oxide nanoparticles exposure on Arabidopsis thaliana growth, root system development, root lignification and molecular level changes. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2014;21:12709–12722.10.1007/s11356-014-3210-3Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[23] Costa MVJDA, Sharma PK. Effect of copper oxide nanoparticles on growth, morphology, photosynthesis, and antioxidant response in Oryza sativa Photosynthetica. 2016;54:110–119.10.1007/s11099-015-0167-5Search in Google Scholar

[24] Nekrasova GF, Ushakova OS, Ermakov AE, Uimin MA. Effects of copper (II) ions and copper oxide nanoparticles on Elodea densa Planch. Russ. J. Ecol. 2011;42:458–463.10.1134/S1067413611060117Search in Google Scholar

[25] Sharma G, Kumar V, Agarwal S, Kumar A, Thakur S, Pathania D. Fabrication and characterization of Fe@MoPO nanoparticles: ion exchange behavior and photocatalytic activity against malachite green. J. Mol. Liq. 2016;219:1137-1143.10.1016/j.molliq.2016.04.046Search in Google Scholar

[26] Mazhar T, Shrivastava V, Tomar SR. Green Synthesis of Bimetallic Nanoparticles and its Applications: A Review. J. Pharm Sci and Res. 2017;9:102-110.Search in Google Scholar

Received: 2018-09-24
Accepted: 2019-01-16
Published Online: 2019-03-20

© 2019 Daniel Gonzalez-Mendoza et al., published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Plant Sciences
  2. Extended low temperature and cryostorage longevity of Salix seeds with desiccation control
  3. Genome-wide analysis of the WRKY gene family and its response to abiotic stress in buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum)
  4. Differential expression of microRNAs during root formation in Taxus chinensis var. mairei cultivars
  5. Metabolomics Approach for The Analysis of Resistance of Four Tomato Genotypes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) to Root-Knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita)
  6. Beneficial Effects of Salt on Halophyte Growth: Morphology, Cells, and Genes
  7. Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria from safflower rhizosphere and their effect on seedling growth
  8. Anatomy and Histochemistry of the Roots and Shoots in the Aquatic Selenium Hyperaccumulator Cardamine hupingshanensis (Brassicaceae)
  9. Effects of LED light on Acacia melanoxylon bud proliferation in vitro and root growth ex vitro
  10. Ecology and Environmental Sciences
  11. Intensity of stripping and sugar content in the bark and the bast of European beech (Fagus sylvatica)
  12. Influence of monometallic and bimetallic phytonanoparticles on physiological status of mezquite
  13. Loci identification of a N-acyl homoserine lactone type quorum sensing system and a new LysR-type transcriptional regulator associated with antimicrobial activity and swarming in Burkholderia gladioli UAPS07070
  14. Bacillus methylotrophicus has potential applications against Monilinia fructicola
  15. Evaluation of Heavy Metals and Microbiological Contamination of Selected herbals from Palestine
  16. The effect of size of black cherry stumps on the composition of fungal communities colonising stumps
  17. Effect of rhamnolipids on microbial biomass content and biochemical parameters in soil contaminated with coal tar creosote
  18. Effects of foliar trichomes on the accumulation of atmospheric particulates in Tillandsia brachycaulos
  19. Isolation and characterisation of the agarolytic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas ruthenica
  20. Comparison of soil bioconditioners and standard fertilization in terms of the impact on yield and vitality of Lolium perenne and soil biological properties
  21. Biomedical Sciences
  22. The number of regulatory B cells is increased in mice with collagen-induced arthritis
  23. Lactate overload inhibits myogenic activity in C2C12 myotubes
  24. Diagnostic performance of serum CK-MB, TNF-α and hs-CRP in children with viral myocarditis
  25. Correlation between PPARGC1A gene rs8192678 G>A polymorphism and susceptibility to type-2 diabetes
  26. Improving the Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma using serum AFP expression in combination with GPC3 and micro-RNA miR-122 expression
  27. The ratio of neutrophil to lymphocyte is a predictor in endometrial cancer
  28. Expression of HER2/c-erbB-2, EGFR protein in gastric carcinoma and its clinical significance
  29. Clinical significance of neuropeptide Y expression in pelvic tissue in patients with pelvic floor dysfunction
  30. Overexpression of RASAL1 indicates poor prognosis and promotes invasion of ovarian cancer
  31. The effect of adrenaline on the mineral and trace element status in rats
  32. Effects of Ischemic Post-Conditioning on the Expressions of LC3-II and Beclin-1 in the Hippocampus of Rats after Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion
  33. Long non-coding RNA DUXAP8 regulates the cell proliferation and invasion of non-small-cell lung cancer
  34. Risk factors of regional lymph node metastasis in patients with cervical cancer
  35. Bullous prurigo pigmentosa
  36. Association of HIF-1α and NDRG2 expression with EMT in gastric cancer tissues
  37. Decrease in the level of nervonic acid and increased gamma linolenic acid in the plasma of women with polycystic ovary syndrome after a three-month low-glycaemic index and caloric reduction diet
  38. Depletion of VAX2 restrains the malignant progression of papillary thyroid carcinoma by modulating ERK signaling pathway
  39. Insulin resistance is a risk factor for mild cognitive impairment in elderly adults with T2DM
  40. Nurr1 promotes lung cancer apoptosis via enhancing mitochondrial stress and p53-Drp1 pathway
  41. Predictive significance of serum MMP-9 in papillary thyroid carcinoma
  42. Agmatine prevents oxidative-nitrative stress in blood leukocytes under streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus
  43. Effect of platelet-rich plasma on implant bone defects in rabbits through the FAK/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
  44. The diagnostic efficacy of thrombelastography (TEG) in patients with preeclampsia and its association with blood coagulation
  45. Value of NSE and S100 Protein of Kawasaki Disease with aseptic meningitis in Infant
  46. CB2 receptor agonist JWH133 activates AMPK to inhibit growth of C6 glioma cells
  47. The effects of various mouthwashes on osteoblast precursor cells
  48. Co-downregulation of GRP78 and GRP94 induces apoptosis and inhibits migration in prostate cancer cells
  49. SKA3 up-regulation promotes lung adenocarcinoma growth and is a predictor of poor prognosis
  50. Protective effects and mechanisms of microRNA-182 on oxidative stress in RHiN
  51. A case of syphilis with high bone arsenic concentration from early modern cemetery (Wroclaw, Poland)
  52. Study of LBHD1 Expression with Invasion and Migration of Bladder Cancer
  53. 1-Hydroxy-8-methoxy-anthraquinon reverses cisplatin resistance by inhibiting 6PGD in cancer cells
  54. Andrographolide as a therapeutic agent against breast and ovarian cancers
  55. Accumulation of α-2,6-sialyoglycoproteins in the muscle sarcoplasm due to Trichinella sp. invasion
  56. Astragalus polysaccharides protects thapsigargin-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress in HT29 cells
  57. IGF-1 via PI3K/Akt/S6K signaling pathway protects DRG neurons with high glucose-induced toxicity
  58. Intra-arterial tirofiban in a male nonagenarian with acute ischemic stroke: A case report
  59. Effects of Huaiqihuang Granules adjuvant therapy in children with primary nephrotic syndrome
  60. Immune negative regulator TIPE2 inhibits cervical squamous cancer progression through Erk1/2 signaling
  61. Asymptomatic mediastinal extra-adrenal paraganglioma as a cause of sudden death: a case Report
  62. Primary mucinous adenocarcinoma of appendix invading urinary bladder with a fistula: a case report
  63. Minocycline attenuates experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats
  64. Neural Remodeling of the Left Atrium in rats by Rosuvastatin following Acute Myocardial Infarction
  65. Protective effects of emodin on lung injuries in rat models of liver fibrosis
  66. RHOA and mDia1 promotes apoptosis of breast cancer cells via a high dose of doxorubicin treatment
  67. Bacteria co-colonizing with Clostridioides difficile in two asymptomatic patients
  68. A allele of ICAM-1 rs5498 and VCAM-1 rs3181092 is correlated with increased risk for periodontal disease
  69. Treatment of hepatic cystic echinococcosis patients with clear cell renal carcinoma: a case report
  70. Edaravone exerts brain protective function by reducing the expression of AQP4, APP and Aβ proteins
  71. Correlation between neutrophil count and prognosis in STEMI patients with chronic renal dysfunction: a retrospective cohort study
  72. Bioinformatic analysis reveals GSG2 as a potential target for breast cancer therapy
  73. Nuciferine prevents hepatic steatosis by regulating lipid metabolismin diabetic rat model
  74. Analysis of SEC24D gene in breast cancer based on UALCAN database
  75. Bioengineering and Biotechnology
  76. Co-cultured Bone-marrow Derived and Tendon Stem Cells: Novel Seed Cells for Bone Regeneration
  77. Animal Sciences
  78. Comparative analysis of gut microbiota among the male, female and pregnant giant pandas (Ailuropoda Melanoleuca)
  79. Adaptive immunity and skin wound healing in amphibian adults
  80. Hox genes polymorphism depicts developmental disruption of common sole eggs
  81. The prevalence of virulence genes and multidrug resistance in thermophilic Campylobacter spp. isolated from dogs
  82. Agriculture
  83. Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum supplementation on production performance and fecal microbial composition in laying hens
  84. Identification of Leaf Rust Resistance Genes in Selected Wheat Cultivars and Development of Multiplex PCR
  85. Determining Potential Feed Value and Silage Quality of Guar Bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) Silages
  86. Food Science
  87. Effect of Thermal Processing on Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxicity of Waste Potato Juice
https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2019-0008
Keywords for this article
Justicia spicigera; phyto-nanoparticles; Prosopis glandulosa; chlorophyll fluorescence; agronanotechnology
Creative Commons
BY 4.0

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Plant Sciences
  2. Extended low temperature and cryostorage longevity of Salix seeds with desiccation control
  3. Genome-wide analysis of the WRKY gene family and its response to abiotic stress in buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum)
  4. Differential expression of microRNAs during root formation in Taxus chinensis var. mairei cultivars
  5. Metabolomics Approach for The Analysis of Resistance of Four Tomato Genotypes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) to Root-Knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita)
  6. Beneficial Effects of Salt on Halophyte Growth: Morphology, Cells, and Genes
  7. Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria from safflower rhizosphere and their effect on seedling growth
  8. Anatomy and Histochemistry of the Roots and Shoots in the Aquatic Selenium Hyperaccumulator Cardamine hupingshanensis (Brassicaceae)
  9. Effects of LED light on Acacia melanoxylon bud proliferation in vitro and root growth ex vitro
  10. Ecology and Environmental Sciences
  11. Intensity of stripping and sugar content in the bark and the bast of European beech (Fagus sylvatica)
  12. Influence of monometallic and bimetallic phytonanoparticles on physiological status of mezquite
  13. Loci identification of a N-acyl homoserine lactone type quorum sensing system and a new LysR-type transcriptional regulator associated with antimicrobial activity and swarming in Burkholderia gladioli UAPS07070
  14. Bacillus methylotrophicus has potential applications against Monilinia fructicola
  15. Evaluation of Heavy Metals and Microbiological Contamination of Selected herbals from Palestine
  16. The effect of size of black cherry stumps on the composition of fungal communities colonising stumps
  17. Effect of rhamnolipids on microbial biomass content and biochemical parameters in soil contaminated with coal tar creosote
  18. Effects of foliar trichomes on the accumulation of atmospheric particulates in Tillandsia brachycaulos
  19. Isolation and characterisation of the agarolytic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas ruthenica
  20. Comparison of soil bioconditioners and standard fertilization in terms of the impact on yield and vitality of Lolium perenne and soil biological properties
  21. Biomedical Sciences
  22. The number of regulatory B cells is increased in mice with collagen-induced arthritis
  23. Lactate overload inhibits myogenic activity in C2C12 myotubes
  24. Diagnostic performance of serum CK-MB, TNF-α and hs-CRP in children with viral myocarditis
  25. Correlation between PPARGC1A gene rs8192678 G>A polymorphism and susceptibility to type-2 diabetes
  26. Improving the Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma using serum AFP expression in combination with GPC3 and micro-RNA miR-122 expression
  27. The ratio of neutrophil to lymphocyte is a predictor in endometrial cancer
  28. Expression of HER2/c-erbB-2, EGFR protein in gastric carcinoma and its clinical significance
  29. Clinical significance of neuropeptide Y expression in pelvic tissue in patients with pelvic floor dysfunction
  30. Overexpression of RASAL1 indicates poor prognosis and promotes invasion of ovarian cancer
  31. The effect of adrenaline on the mineral and trace element status in rats
  32. Effects of Ischemic Post-Conditioning on the Expressions of LC3-II and Beclin-1 in the Hippocampus of Rats after Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion
  33. Long non-coding RNA DUXAP8 regulates the cell proliferation and invasion of non-small-cell lung cancer
  34. Risk factors of regional lymph node metastasis in patients with cervical cancer
  35. Bullous prurigo pigmentosa
  36. Association of HIF-1α and NDRG2 expression with EMT in gastric cancer tissues
  37. Decrease in the level of nervonic acid and increased gamma linolenic acid in the plasma of women with polycystic ovary syndrome after a three-month low-glycaemic index and caloric reduction diet
  38. Depletion of VAX2 restrains the malignant progression of papillary thyroid carcinoma by modulating ERK signaling pathway
  39. Insulin resistance is a risk factor for mild cognitive impairment in elderly adults with T2DM
  40. Nurr1 promotes lung cancer apoptosis via enhancing mitochondrial stress and p53-Drp1 pathway
  41. Predictive significance of serum MMP-9 in papillary thyroid carcinoma
  42. Agmatine prevents oxidative-nitrative stress in blood leukocytes under streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus
  43. Effect of platelet-rich plasma on implant bone defects in rabbits through the FAK/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
  44. The diagnostic efficacy of thrombelastography (TEG) in patients with preeclampsia and its association with blood coagulation
  45. Value of NSE and S100 Protein of Kawasaki Disease with aseptic meningitis in Infant
  46. CB2 receptor agonist JWH133 activates AMPK to inhibit growth of C6 glioma cells
  47. The effects of various mouthwashes on osteoblast precursor cells
  48. Co-downregulation of GRP78 and GRP94 induces apoptosis and inhibits migration in prostate cancer cells
  49. SKA3 up-regulation promotes lung adenocarcinoma growth and is a predictor of poor prognosis
  50. Protective effects and mechanisms of microRNA-182 on oxidative stress in RHiN
  51. A case of syphilis with high bone arsenic concentration from early modern cemetery (Wroclaw, Poland)
  52. Study of LBHD1 Expression with Invasion and Migration of Bladder Cancer
  53. 1-Hydroxy-8-methoxy-anthraquinon reverses cisplatin resistance by inhibiting 6PGD in cancer cells
  54. Andrographolide as a therapeutic agent against breast and ovarian cancers
  55. Accumulation of α-2,6-sialyoglycoproteins in the muscle sarcoplasm due to Trichinella sp. invasion
  56. Astragalus polysaccharides protects thapsigargin-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress in HT29 cells
  57. IGF-1 via PI3K/Akt/S6K signaling pathway protects DRG neurons with high glucose-induced toxicity
  58. Intra-arterial tirofiban in a male nonagenarian with acute ischemic stroke: A case report
  59. Effects of Huaiqihuang Granules adjuvant therapy in children with primary nephrotic syndrome
  60. Immune negative regulator TIPE2 inhibits cervical squamous cancer progression through Erk1/2 signaling
  61. Asymptomatic mediastinal extra-adrenal paraganglioma as a cause of sudden death: a case Report
  62. Primary mucinous adenocarcinoma of appendix invading urinary bladder with a fistula: a case report
  63. Minocycline attenuates experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats
  64. Neural Remodeling of the Left Atrium in rats by Rosuvastatin following Acute Myocardial Infarction
  65. Protective effects of emodin on lung injuries in rat models of liver fibrosis
  66. RHOA and mDia1 promotes apoptosis of breast cancer cells via a high dose of doxorubicin treatment
  67. Bacteria co-colonizing with Clostridioides difficile in two asymptomatic patients
  68. A allele of ICAM-1 rs5498 and VCAM-1 rs3181092 is correlated with increased risk for periodontal disease
  69. Treatment of hepatic cystic echinococcosis patients with clear cell renal carcinoma: a case report
  70. Edaravone exerts brain protective function by reducing the expression of AQP4, APP and Aβ proteins
  71. Correlation between neutrophil count and prognosis in STEMI patients with chronic renal dysfunction: a retrospective cohort study
  72. Bioinformatic analysis reveals GSG2 as a potential target for breast cancer therapy
  73. Nuciferine prevents hepatic steatosis by regulating lipid metabolismin diabetic rat model
  74. Analysis of SEC24D gene in breast cancer based on UALCAN database
  75. Bioengineering and Biotechnology
  76. Co-cultured Bone-marrow Derived and Tendon Stem Cells: Novel Seed Cells for Bone Regeneration
  77. Animal Sciences
  78. Comparative analysis of gut microbiota among the male, female and pregnant giant pandas (Ailuropoda Melanoleuca)
  79. Adaptive immunity and skin wound healing in amphibian adults
  80. Hox genes polymorphism depicts developmental disruption of common sole eggs
  81. The prevalence of virulence genes and multidrug resistance in thermophilic Campylobacter spp. isolated from dogs
  82. Agriculture
  83. Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum supplementation on production performance and fecal microbial composition in laying hens
  84. Identification of Leaf Rust Resistance Genes in Selected Wheat Cultivars and Development of Multiplex PCR
  85. Determining Potential Feed Value and Silage Quality of Guar Bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) Silages
  86. Food Science
  87. Effect of Thermal Processing on Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxicity of Waste Potato Juice
Sign up now to receive a 20% welcome discount
Institutional Access
How does access work?
Have an idea on how to improve our website?
Please write us.
© 2025 De Gruyter Brill
Downloaded on 1.10.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/biol-2019-0008/html
Scroll to top button