Startseite Naturwissenschaften Textural and chemical evolution of magnetite from the Paleozoic Shuanglong Fe-Cu deposit: Implications for tracing ore-forming fluids
Artikel
Lizenziert
Nicht lizenziert Erfordert eine Authentifizierung

Textural and chemical evolution of magnetite from the Paleozoic Shuanglong Fe-Cu deposit: Implications for tracing ore-forming fluids

  • Shuanliang Zhang , Huayong Chen , Bing Xiao , Liandang Zhao , Xia Hu , Jianping Li und Lin Gong
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 3. Januar 2023
Veröffentlichen auch Sie bei De Gruyter Brill
Informationen für Autor*innen
American Mineralogist
Aus der Zeitschrift American Mineralogist Band 108 Heft 1

Abstract

The Aqishan-Yamansu belt in Eastern Tianshan (NW China) hosts several important Fe and Fe-Cu deposits, the origin of which is the subject of considerable debate. The coexistence of various types of ore-forming fluids makes it difficult to distinguish the genesis of the Fe-Cu deposits. We present detailed textural and compositional data on magnetite from the Paleozoic Shuanglong Fe-Cu deposit to constrain the formation of iron oxides and the evolution of the ore-forming fluids and thus define the genesis of the Fe-Cu ores.

Based on the mineral assemblages and crosscutting relationships of veins, two mineralization stages were established, including the early Fe mineralization and late Cu mineralization stage. Three types of magnetite, i.e., platy (MA), massive (MB), and granular (MC) magnetite occur in the Fe mineralization. Backscattered electron (BSE) images identified display oscillatory zoning in an early hematite and transformational mushketovite phase (MA-I), characterized by abundant porosity and inclusions, as well as two later generations, including an early dark (MA-II, MB-I, and MC-I) and later light magnetite (MA-III, MB-II, and MC-II). The MA-I has extremely high W contents and mostly displays as micro- and invisible scheelite inclusions, which were probably caused by the W expulsion during mushketovitization. The texture and composition of magnetite suggest that the later light magnetite formed via dissolution and reprecipitation of the precursor dark magnetite, and the temperature and oxygen fugacity of fluids decreased over time. Our study also shows the MB-II magnetite and coexisting chlorite display synchronous oscillatory zoning, with the calculated temperature from 444 to 212 °C. Such variations could indicate the incursion of external low-temperature fluids with high salinity, which can dissolve the primary dark magnetite. This study provides a good example of using magnetite to trace the complex evolution and multiple sources of ore-forming fluids.

Keywords: Magnetite; texture and chemistry; ore-forming fluid; Fe-Cu deposit; Eastern Tianshan

Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1131, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong PRC.

Funding statement: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41725009, 42002083), and the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research (2019B03032013), and Science and Technology planning project of Guangdong Province (2017B030314175).

Acknowledgments

Our special thanks go to Peijun Lin and Haoran Dou for assisting with the EPMA analysis and Fangyue Wang for assisting with the LA-ICP-MS analysis. Pete Hollings is thanked for comments on an early version of the paper.

References cited

Bain, W.M., Steele-MacInnis, M., Tornos, F., Hanchar, J.M., Creaser, E.C., and Pietruszka, D.K. (2021) Evidence for iron-rich sulfate melt during magnetite (-apatite) mineralization at El Laco, Chile. Geology, 49, 1044–1048.Suche in Google Scholar

Bartlett, M.S. (1937) Properties of sufficiency and statistical tests. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A-Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 160, 268–282.Suche in Google Scholar

Bourdelle, F., Parra, T., Chopin, C., and Beyssac, O. (2013) A new chlorite geother-mometer for diagenetic to low-grade metamorphic conditions. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 165, 723–735.Suche in Google Scholar

Broughm, S.G., Hanchar, J.M., Tornos, F., Westhues, A., and Attersley, S. (2017) Mineral chemistry of magnetite from magnetite-apatite mineralization and their host rocks: examples from Kiruna, Sweden, and El Laco, Chile. Mineralium Deposita, 52, 1223–1244.Suche in Google Scholar

Candela, P.A. (1997) A review of shallow, ore-related granites: textures, volatiles, and ore metals. Journal of Petrology, 38(12), 1619–1633.Suche in Google Scholar

Carew, M.J. (2004) Controls on Cu-Au mineralisation and Fe oxide metasomatism in the Eastern fold belt, NW Queensland, Australia. Doctoral dissertation, James Cook University.Suche in Google Scholar

Cathelineau, M., and Nieva, D. (1985) A chlorite solid solution geothermometer the Los Azufres (Mexico) geothermal system. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 91, 235–244.Suche in Google Scholar

Chen, Y.J., Pirajno, F., Wu, G., Qi, J.P., and Xiong, X.L. (2012) Epithermal deposits in North Xinjiang, NW China. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 101, 889–917.Suche in Google Scholar

Chen, Z., Xiao, W., Windley, B.F., Schulmann, K., Mao, Q., Zhang, Z., Zhang, JE., Deng, C., and Song, S. (2019) Composition, provenance, and tectonic setting of the southern Kangurtag Accretionary Complex in the Eastern Tianshan, NW China: Implications for the Late Paleozoic evolution of the North Tianshan Ocean. Tectonics, 38, 2779–2802.Suche in Google Scholar

Chou, I.M., and Eugster, H. (1977) Solubility of magnetite in supercritical chloride solutions. American Journal of Science, 277, 1296–1314.Suche in Google Scholar

Ciobanu, C.L., Wade, B.P., Cook, N.J., Schmidt Mumm, A., and Giles, D. (2013) Uranium-bearing hematite from the Olympic Dam Cu-U-Au deposit, South Australia: A geochemical tracer and reconnaissance Pb-Pb geochronometer. Precambrian Research, 238, 129–147.Suche in Google Scholar

Corriveau, L., Montreuil, J.F., and Potter, E.G. (2016) Alteration facies linkages among iron oxide copper-gold, iron oxide-apatite, and affiliated deposits in the Great Bear magmatic zone, Northwest Territories, Canada. Economic Geology, 111, 2045–2072.Suche in Google Scholar

Crerar, D.A., Susak, N.J., Borcsik, M., and Schwartz, S. (1978) Solubility of the buffer assemblage pyrite + pyrrhotite + magnetite in NaCl solutions from 200 to 350 °C. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 42, 1427–1437.Suche in Google Scholar

Cygan, G.L., and Candela, P.A. (1995) Preliminary study of gold partitioning among pyrrhotite, pyrite, magnetite, and chalcopyrite at 600 to 700 (°C, 140 MPa (1400 bars). In J.F.H. Thompson, Ed., Magmas, Fluids and Ore Deposits, 23, 129–137. Mineralogical Association of Canada Short Course.Suche in Google Scholar

Dare, S.A., Barnes, S.-J., and Beaudoin, G. (2012) Variation in trace element content of magnetite crystallized from a fractionating sulfide liquid, Sudbury, Canada: Implications for provenance discrimination. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 88, 27–50.Suche in Google Scholar

Dare, S.A., Barnes, S.-J., Beaudoin, G., Méric, J., Boutroy, E., and Potvin-Doucet, C. (2014) Trace elements in magnetite as petrogenetic indicators. Mineralium Deposita, 49, 785–796.Suche in Google Scholar

Deditius, A.P., Reich, M., Simon, A.C., Suvorova, A., Knipping, J., Roberts, M.P., Rubanov, S., Dodd, A., and Saunders, M. (2018) Nanogeochemistry of hydrothermal magnetite. Contributions to Mineralogy & Petrology, 173, 46.Suche in Google Scholar

Dupuis, C., and Beaudoin, G. (2011) Discriminant diagrams for iron oxide trace element fingerprinting of mineral deposit types. Mineralium Deposita, 46, 319–335.Suche in Google Scholar

Fleet, M.E., Crocket, J.H., and Stone, W.E. (1996) Partitioning of platinum-group elements (Os, Ir, Ru, Pt, Pd) and gold between sulfide liquid and basalt melt. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 60, 2397–2412.Suche in Google Scholar

Frost, B.R. (1991) Magnetic petrology: Factors that control the occurrence of magnetite in crustal rocks. In D.H. Lindsley, Ed., Oxide Minerals: Petrologic and Magnetic Significance, 25, p. 489–509. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, Mineralogical Society of America, Chantilly, Virginia.Suche in Google Scholar

Ghiorso, M.S., and Sack, O. (1991) Fe-Ti oxide geothermometry: thermodynamic formulation and the estimation of intensive variables in silicic magmas. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 108, 485–510.Suche in Google Scholar

Han, Y.G., and Zhao, G.C. (2018) Final amalgamation of the Tianshan and Junggar orogenic collage in the southwestern Central Asian Orogenic Belt: Constraints on the closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean. Earth-Science Reviews, 186, 129–152.Suche in Google Scholar

Hemley, J., Cygan, G., Fein, J., Robinson, G., and d’Angelo, W. (1992) Hydrothermal ore-forming processes in the light of studies in rock-buffered systems; I, Iron-copper-zinc-lead sulfide solubility relations. Economic Geology, 87, 1–22.Suche in Google Scholar

Holser, W.T., and Schneer, C.J. (1961) Hydrothermal magnetite. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 72, 369–385.Suche in Google Scholar

Hu, H., Li, J.W., Lentz, D., Ren, Z., Zhao, X.F., Deng, X.D., and Hall, D. (2014) Dissolution–reprecipitation process of magnetite from the Chengchao iron deposit: Insights into ore genesis and implication for in-situ chemical analysis of magnetite. Ore Geology Reviews, 57, 393–405.Suche in Google Scholar

Hu, H., Lentz, D., Li, J.-W., McCarron, T., Zhao, X.-F., and Hall, D. (2015) Reequilibration processes in magnetite from iron skarn deposits. Economic Geology, 110, 1–8.Suche in Google Scholar

Hu, X., Chen, H., Zhao, L., Han, J., and Xia, X. (2017) Magnetite geochemistry of the Longqiao and Tieshan Fe-(Cu) deposits in the Middle-Lower Yangtze River Belt: Implications for deposit type and ore genesis. Ore Geology Reviews, 89, 822–835.Suche in Google Scholar

Hu, X., Chen, H., Beaudoin, G., and Zhang, Y. (2020) Textural and compositional evolution of iron oxides at Mina Justa (Peru): Implications for mushketovite and formation of IOCG deposits. American Mineralogist, 105, 397–408.Suche in Google Scholar

Huang, X.-W., and Beaudoin, G. (2019) Textures and chemical compositions of magnetite from iron oxide copper-gold (IOCG) and Kiruna-type iron oxide-apatite (IOA) deposits and their implications for ore genesis and magnetite classification schemes. Economic Geology, 114, 953–979.Suche in Google Scholar

Huang, X.-W., Zhou, M.-F., Beaudoin, G., Gao, J.-F., Qi, L., and Lyu, C. (2018) Origin of the volcanic-hosted Yamansu Fe deposit, Eastern Tianshan, NW China: constraints from pyrite Re-Os isotopes, stable isotopes, and in situ magnetite trace elements. Mineralium Deposita, 53, 1039–1060.Suche in Google Scholar

Huang, X.-W., Boutroy, É., Makvandi, S., Beaudoin, G., Corriveau, L., and De Toni, A.F. (2019a) Trace element composition of iron oxides from IOCG and IOA deposits: relationship to hydrothermal alteration and deposit subtypes. Mineralium Deposita, 54, 525–552.Suche in Google Scholar

Huang, X.-W., Sappin, A.-A., Boutroy, É., Beaudoin, G., and Makvandi, S. (2019b) Trace element composition of igneous and hydrothermal magnetite from porphyry deposits: relationship to deposit subtypes and magmatic affinity. Economic Geology, 114, 917–952.Suche in Google Scholar

Ilton, E.S., and Eugster, H.P. (1989) Base metal exchange between magnetite and a chloride-rich hydrothermal fluid. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 53, 291–301.Suche in Google Scholar

Inoue, A., Meunier, A., Patrier-Mas, P., Rigault, C., Beaufort, D., and Vieillard, P. (2009) Application of chemical geothermometry to low-temperature trioctahedral chlorites. Clays and Clay Minerals, 57, 371–382.Suche in Google Scholar

Jiang, H., Han, J., Chen, H., Zheng, Y., Zhang, W., Lu, W., Deng, G., and Tan, Z. (2018) Hydrothermal alteration, fluid inclusions and stable isotope characteristics of the Shaquanzi Fe–Cu deposit, Eastern Tianshan: Implications for deposit type and metallogenesis. Ore Geology Reviews, 100, 385–400.Suche in Google Scholar

Kaiser, H.F. (1958) The varimax criterion for analytic rotation in factor analysis. Psychometrika, 23, 187–200.Suche in Google Scholar

Klemme, S., Günther, D., Hametner, K., Prowatke, S., and Zack, T. (2006) The partitioning of trace elements between ilmenite, ulvospinel, armalcolite and silicate melts with implications for the early differentiation of the Moon. Chemical Geology, 234(3-4), 251–263.Suche in Google Scholar

Knipping, J.L., Bilenker, L.D., Simon, A.C., Reich, M., Barra, F., Deditius, A.P., Wӓlle, M., Heinrich, C.A., Holtz, F., and Munizaga, R. (2015) Trace elements in magnetite from massive iron oxide-apatite deposits indicate a combined formation by igneous and magmatic-hydrothermal processes. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 171, 15–38.Suche in Google Scholar

Lanari, P., Wagner, T., and Vidal, O. (2014) A thermodynamic model for di-trioctahedral chlorite from experimental and natural data in the system MgO-FeO-Al2O3-SiO2- H2O: Applications to P-T sections and geothermometry. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 167, 968.Suche in Google Scholar

Liang, P., Wu, C., Hu, X., and Xie, Y. (2020) Textures and geochemistry of magnetite: Indications for genesis of the Late Paleozoic Laoshankou Fe-Cu-Au deposit, NW China. Ore Geology Reviews, 124, 103632.Suche in Google Scholar

Lindsley, D.H., and Frost, B.R. (1991) Equilibria among Fe-Ti oxides, pyroxenes, olivine, and quartz: Part I. Theory. American Mineralogist, 77, 987–1003.Suche in Google Scholar

Liu, Y., Hu, Z., Gao, S., Günther, D., Xu, J., Gao, C., and Chen, H. (2008) In situ analysis of major and trace elements of anhydrous minerals by LA-ICP-MS without applying an internal standard. Chemical Geology, 257, 34–43.Suche in Google Scholar

Mao, J., Goldfarb, R.J., Wang, Y., Hart, C.J., and Wang, Z., and Yand, J. (2005) Late Paleozoic base and precious metal deposits, East Tianshan, Xin-jiang, China: Characteristics and geodynamic setting. Episodes-Newsmagazine of the International Union of Geological Sciences, 28, 23–30.Suche in Google Scholar

Marschik, R., and Fontboté, L. (2001) The Candelaria-Punta del Cobre iron oxide Cu-Au (-Zn-Ag) deposits. Chile. Economic Geology, 96, 1799–1826.Suche in Google Scholar

Mücke, A., and Cabral, A.R. (2005) Redox and nonredox reactions of magnetite and hematite in rocks. Geochemistry, 65, 271–278.Suche in Google Scholar

Nadoll, P., Angerer, T., Mauk, J.L., French, D., and Walshe, J. (2014) The chemistry of hydrothermal magnetite: a review. Ore Geology Reviews, 61, 1–32.Suche in Google Scholar

Nadoll, P., Mauk, J.L., Hayes, T.S., Koenig, A.E., and Box, S.E. (2012) Geochemistry of magnetite from hydrothermal ore deposits and host rocks of the Mesoproterozoic Belt Supergroup, United States. Economic Geology, 107, 1275–1292.Suche in Google Scholar

Nielsen, R.L., Forsythe, L.M., Gallahan, W.E., and Fisk, M.R. (1994) Major-and trace-element magnetite-melt equilibria. Chemical Geology, 117, 167–191.Suche in Google Scholar

Ning, S., Wang, F., Xue, W., and Zhou, T. (2017) Geochemistry of the Baoshan pluton in the Tongling region of the Lower Yangtze River Belt. Geochimica, 46, 397–412.Suche in Google Scholar

Ohmoto, H. (2003) Nonredox transformations of magnetite-hematite in hydrothermal systems. Economic Geology, 98, 157–161.Suche in Google Scholar

Qin, K-Z., Su, B-X., Sakyi, P.A., Tang, D-M., Li, X-h., Sun, H., Xiao, Q-h., and Liu, P-P. (2011) SIMS zircon U-Pb geochronology and Sr-Nd isotopes of Ni-Cu-Bearing Mafic-Ultramafic Intrusions in Eastern Tianshan and Beishan in correlation with flood basalts in Tarim Basin (NW China): Constraints on a ca. 280 Ma mantle plume. American Journal of Science, 311, 237–260.Suche in Google Scholar

Şengör, A.M.C. (1996) Paleotectonics of Asia: Fragments of a synthesis. In Paleotectonics of Asia: fragments of synthesis. The Tectonic Evolution of Asia. Cambridge University Press, p. 486–640.Suche in Google Scholar

Şengör, A.M.C., Natal’in, B.A., and Burtman, V.S. (1993) Evolution of the Altaid Tectonic collage and Palaeozoic Crustal Growth in Eurasia. Nature, 364, 299–307.Suche in Google Scholar

Sievwright, R.H., Wilkinson, J.J., O’Neill, H. St.C., and Berry, A.J. (2017) Thermodynamic controls on element partitioning between titanomagnetite and andesitic–dacitic silicate melts. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 172, 1–33.Suche in Google Scholar

Simon, A. C., Pettke, T., Candela, P.A., Piccoli, P.M., and Heinrich, C.A. (2004) Magnetite solubility and iron transport in magmatic-hydrothermal environments. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 68, 4905–4914.Suche in Google Scholar

Simon, A.C., Candela, P.A., Piccoli, P.M., Mengason, M., and Englander, L. (2008) The effect of crystal-melt partitioning on the budgets of Cu, Au, and Ag. American Mineralogist, 93, 1437–1448.Suche in Google Scholar

Trincal, V., Lanari, P., Buatier, M., Lacroix, B., Charpentier, D., Labaume, P., and Muñoz, M. (2015) Temperature micro-mapping in oscillatory-zoned chlorite: Application to study of a green-schist facies fault zone in the Pyrenean Axial Zone (Spain). American Mineralogist, 100, 2468–2483.Suche in Google Scholar

Toplis, M.J., and Carroll, M.R. (1995) An experimental study of the influence of oxygen fugacity on Fe-Ti oxide stability, phase relations, and mineral—melt equilibria in ferro-basaltic systems. Journal of Petrology, 36, 1137–1170.Suche in Google Scholar

Toplis, M.J., and Corgne, A. (2002) An experimental study of element partitioning between magnetite, clinopyroxene and iron-bearing silicate liquids with particular emphasis on vanadium. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 144, 22–37.Suche in Google Scholar

Verdugo-Ihl, M.R., Ciobanu, C.L., Cook, N.J., Ehrig, K.J., Courtney-Davies, L., and Gilbert, S. (2017) Textures and U-W-Sn-Mo signatures in hematite from the Olympic Dam Cu-U-Au-Ag deposit, South Australia: Defining the archetype for IOCG deposits. Ore Geology Reviews, 91, 173–195.Suche in Google Scholar

Verdugo-Ihl, M.R., Ciobanu, C.L., Cook, N.J., Ehrig, K., Slattery, A., and Courtney-Davies, L. (2020) Trace-element remobilisation from W-Sn-U-Pb zoned hematite: Nanoscale insights into a mineral geochronometer behaviour during interaction with fluids. Mineralogical Magazine, 84, 502–516.Suche in Google Scholar

Wang, F., Ge, C., Ning, S., Nie, L., Zhong, G., and White, N.C. (2017) A new approach to LA-ICP-MS mapping and application in geology. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 33, 3422–3436. (in Chinese)Suche in Google Scholar

Watson, E.B., and Liang, Y. (1995) A simple model for sector zoning in slowly grown crystals: Implications for growth rate and lattice diffusion, with emphasis on accessory minerals in crustal rocks. American Mineralogist, 80, 1179–1187.Suche in Google Scholar

Wen, G., Li, J.-W., Hofstra, A.H., Koenig, A.E., Lowers, H.A., and Adams, D. (2017) Hydrothermal reequilibration of igneous magnetite in altered granitic plutons and its implications for magnetite classification schemes: Insights from the Handan-Xingtai iron district, North China Craton. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 213, 255–270.Suche in Google Scholar

Whitney, J.A., Hemley, J.J., and Simon, F.O. (1985) The concentration of iron in chloride solutions equilibrated with synthetic granitic compositions; the sulfur-free system. Economic Geology, 80, 444–460.Suche in Google Scholar

Whalen, J.B., and Chappell, B.W. (1988) Opaque mineralogy and mafic mineral chemistry of I-and S-type granites of the Lachlan fold belt, southeast Australia. American Mineralogist, 73, 281–296.Suche in Google Scholar

Windley, B.F., Alexeiev, D., Xiao, W., Kröner, A., and Badarch, G. (2007) Tectonic models for accretion of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Journal of the Geological Society, 164, 31–47.Suche in Google Scholar

Wood, S.A., and Samson, I.M. (2000) The hydrothermal geochemistry of tungsten in granitoid environments: I. Relative solubilities of ferberite and scheelite as a function of T, P, pH, and m NaCl. Economic Geology, 95, 143–182.Suche in Google Scholar

Wu, C., Chen, H., Hong, W., Li, D., Liang, P., Fang, J., Zhang, L., and Lai, C. (2019) Magnetite chemistry and implications for the magmatic-hydrothermal ore-forming process: An example from the Devonian Yuleken porphyry Cu system, NW China. Chemical Geology, 522, 1–15.Suche in Google Scholar

Xiao, W.J., Zhang, L.C., Qin, K.Z., Sun, S., and Li, J.L. (2004) Paleozoic accretionary and collisional tectonics of the Eastern Tianshan (China): Implications for the continental growth of Central Asia. American Journal of Science, 304, 370–395.Suche in Google Scholar

Xiao, W.J., Windley, B.F., Allen, M.B., and Han, C.M. (2013) Paleozoic multiple accretionary and collisional tectonics of the Chinese Tianshan orogenic collage. Gondwana Research, 23, 1316–1341.Suche in Google Scholar

Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Geological Survey (XUARGS). (2003) Report for target selection and potential resources in Caixiashan–Jintan in the Eastern Tianshan, Xinjiang. pp. 1–187 (in Chinese).Suche in Google Scholar

Yin, S., Ma, C., and Robinson, P. (2017) Textures and high field strength elements in hydrothermal magnetite from a skarn system: Implications for coupled dissolution-reprecipitation reactions. American Mineralogist, 102, 1045–1056.Suche in Google Scholar

Zhang, W., Chen, H., Peng, L., Zhao, L., Lu, W., Zhang, Z., Yang, J., and Sun, J. (2018b) Ore genesis of the Duotoushan Fe-Cu deposit, Eastern Tianshan, NW China: Constraints from ore geology, mineral geochemistry, fluid inclusion and stable isotopes. Ore Geology Reviews, 100, 401–421.Suche in Google Scholar

Zhang, S., Chen, H., Hollings, P., Zhao, L., and Gong, L. (2020a) Tectonic and magmatic evolution of the Aqishan- Yamansu belt: A Paleozoic arc-related basin in the Eastern Tianshan (NW China). GSA Bulletin, 133(5-6), 1320–1344.Suche in Google Scholar

Zhang, Y., Hollings, P., Shao, Y., Li, D., Chen, H., and Li, H. (2020b) Magnetite texture and trace-element geochemistry fingerprint of pulsed mineralization in the Xinqiao Cu-Fe-Au deposit, Eastern China. American Mineralogist, 105, 1712–1723.Suche in Google Scholar

Zhao, L., Chen, H., Zhang, L., Xia, X., Zhang, W., Li, D., Lu, W., Liang, P., Li, R., Yang, J., and Yan, X. (2017) Geology and ore genesis of the late Paleozoic Heijianshan Fe oxide-Cu (-Au) deposit in the Eastern Tianshan, NW China. Ore Geology Reviews, 91, 110–132.Suche in Google Scholar

Zhao, L., Chen, H., Zhang, L., Li, D., Zhang, W., Wang, C., Yang, J., and Yan, X. (2018a) Magnetite geochemistry of the Heijianshan Fe-Cu (-Au) deposit in Eastern Tianshan: Metallogenic implications for submarine volcanic-hosted Fe-Cu deposits in NW China. Ore Geology Reviews, 100, 422–440.Suche in Google Scholar

Zhao, L., Chen, H., Zhang, L., Zhang, W., Yang, J.T., and Yan, X.L. (2018b) The Late Paleozoic magmatic evolution of the Aqishan-Yamansu belt, Eastern Tianshan: Constraints from geochronology, geochemistry and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopes of igneous rocks. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 153, 170–192.Suche in Google Scholar

Zhao, L., Chen, H., Hollings, P., and Han, J. (2019) Late Paleozoic magmatism and metallogenesis in the Aqishan-Yamansu belt, Eastern Tianshan: Constraints from the Bailingshan intrusive complex. Gondwana Research, 65, 68–85.Suche in Google Scholar

Zhou, T., Yuan, F., Zhang, D., Fan, Y., Liu, S., Peng, M., and Zhang, J. (2010) Geochronology, tectonic setting and mineralization of granitoids in Jueluotage area, eastern Tianshan, Xinjiang. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 26, 478–502 (in Chinese with English abstract).Suche in Google Scholar
Received: 2021-04-25
Accepted: 2022-01-12
Published Online: 2023-01-03
Published in Print: 2023-01-27

© 2023 Mineralogical Society of America

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. MSA Review
  2. Nickel in olivine as an exploration indicator for magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide deposits: A data review and re-evaluation
  3. Repeat, fast, and high-resolution mapping of fine-scale trace element distribution in pyrite and marcasite by LA-Q-ICP-MS with the Aerosol Rapid Introduction System (ARIS)
  4. Continuous Be mineralization from two-mica granite to pegmatite: Critical element enrichment processes in a Himalayan leucogranite pluton
  5. An evolutionary system of mineralogy, Part VI: Earth’s earliest Hadean crust (>4370 Ma)
  6. Oxidation or cation re-arrangement? Distinct behavior of riebeckite at high temperature
  7. Fe3+/FeT ratios of amphiboles determined by high spatial resolution single-crystal synchrotron Mössbauer spectroscopy
  8. How clay delamination supports aseismic slip
  9. The influence of Al2O3 on the structural properties of MgSiO3 akimotoite
  10. Atomistic insight into the ferroelastic post-stishovite transition by high-pressure single-crystal X-ray diffraction
  11. Epidote as a conveyor of water into the Earth’s deep mantle in subduction zones: Insights from coupled high-pressure and high-temperature experiments
  12. Potential link between antigorite dehydration and shallow intermediate-depth earthquakes in hot subduction zones
  13. Stability of Fe5O6 and its relation to other Fe-Mg-oxides at high pressures and temperatures
  14. From schwertmannite to natrojarosite: Long-term stability and kinetic approach
  15. Trace element and isotopic (S, Pb) constraints on the formation of the giant Chalukou porphyry Mo deposit, NE China
  16. Textural and chemical evolution of magnetite from the Paleozoic Shuanglong Fe-Cu deposit: Implications for tracing ore-forming fluids
  17. Jingwenite-(Y) from the Yushui Cu deposit, South China: The first occurrence of a V-HREE-bearing silicate mineral
  18. Wenjiite, Ti10(Si,P,◻)7, and kangjinlaite, Ti11(Si,P)10, new minerals in the ternary Ti-P-Si system from the Luobusa ophiolite, Tibet, China
  19. Evaluating the physicochemical conditions for gold occurrences in pyrite
  20. Letter
  21. Synthesis and structural analysis of CaFe2O4-type single crystals in the NaAlSiO4-MgAl2O4-Fe3O4 system
https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2022-8400
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
Magnetite; texture and chemistry; ore-forming fluid; Fe-Cu deposit; Eastern Tianshan

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. MSA Review
  2. Nickel in olivine as an exploration indicator for magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide deposits: A data review and re-evaluation
  3. Repeat, fast, and high-resolution mapping of fine-scale trace element distribution in pyrite and marcasite by LA-Q-ICP-MS with the Aerosol Rapid Introduction System (ARIS)
  4. Continuous Be mineralization from two-mica granite to pegmatite: Critical element enrichment processes in a Himalayan leucogranite pluton
  5. An evolutionary system of mineralogy, Part VI: Earth’s earliest Hadean crust (>4370 Ma)
  6. Oxidation or cation re-arrangement? Distinct behavior of riebeckite at high temperature
  7. Fe3+/FeT ratios of amphiboles determined by high spatial resolution single-crystal synchrotron Mössbauer spectroscopy
  8. How clay delamination supports aseismic slip
  9. The influence of Al2O3 on the structural properties of MgSiO3 akimotoite
  10. Atomistic insight into the ferroelastic post-stishovite transition by high-pressure single-crystal X-ray diffraction
  11. Epidote as a conveyor of water into the Earth’s deep mantle in subduction zones: Insights from coupled high-pressure and high-temperature experiments
  12. Potential link between antigorite dehydration and shallow intermediate-depth earthquakes in hot subduction zones
  13. Stability of Fe5O6 and its relation to other Fe-Mg-oxides at high pressures and temperatures
  14. From schwertmannite to natrojarosite: Long-term stability and kinetic approach
  15. Trace element and isotopic (S, Pb) constraints on the formation of the giant Chalukou porphyry Mo deposit, NE China
  16. Textural and chemical evolution of magnetite from the Paleozoic Shuanglong Fe-Cu deposit: Implications for tracing ore-forming fluids
  17. Jingwenite-(Y) from the Yushui Cu deposit, South China: The first occurrence of a V-HREE-bearing silicate mineral
  18. Wenjiite, Ti10(Si,P,◻)7, and kangjinlaite, Ti11(Si,P)10, new minerals in the ternary Ti-P-Si system from the Luobusa ophiolite, Tibet, China
  19. Evaluating the physicochemical conditions for gold occurrences in pyrite
  20. Letter
  21. Synthesis and structural analysis of CaFe2O4-type single crystals in the NaAlSiO4-MgAl2O4-Fe3O4 system
Jetzt anmelden und 20% sparen
Institutioneller Zugang
Wie funktioniert Authentifizierung?
Haben Sie eine Idee, wie wir unsere Website verbessern können?
Bitte schreiben Sie uns.
© 2025 De Gruyter Brill
Heruntergeladen am 26.12.2025 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.2138/am-2022-8400/html
Button zum nach oben scrollen