Startseite Naturwissenschaften Okra-psyllium based green synthesis of eco-friendly bio-adsorbent for efficient removal of uranium and crystal violet dye from aqueous media: statistical optimization using response surface methodology
Artikel
Lizenziert
Nicht lizenziert Erfordert eine Authentifizierung

Okra-psyllium based green synthesis of eco-friendly bio-adsorbent for efficient removal of uranium and crystal violet dye from aqueous media: statistical optimization using response surface methodology

  • Anjali Singh EMAIL logo , Balbir Singh Kaith , Rohit Mehra , Balram , Vikas Sardul und Manpreet Singh Bhatti
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 8. August 2023
Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie
Aus der Zeitschrift Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie Band 237 Heft 9

Abstract

The prime objective of this study is to synthesize eco-friendly okra-psyllium based hydrogel through free radical crosslinking method by using citric acid-ammonium persulfate as a crosslinker-initiator system. Various techniques were used to explore the morphology, structure and thermal behaviour of the synthesized hydrogel via. Powdered X-ray diffraction studies, SEM and TGA techniques. Response surface methodology was performed to maximize the grafting percentage of the synthesized hydrogel up to 244 % and swelling percentage of 598 %. The physicochemical properties like salt-resistance behaviour and the impact of ionic strength on the swelling percentage of synthesized hydrogel were investigated and thus observed with the following trend as K+ > Ca2+ > Fe3+. Furthermore, the synthesized sample showed an excellent bio-adsorbent behaviour for the removal of uranium with 97.75 % removal in 60 min and crystal violet dye removal up to 85.32 % in 24 h from contaminated water. Various kinetic and isotherm adsorption modelling were implied to probe the mechanism of adsorption with displayed interactions between the absorbate and the absorbent. The Langmuir isotherm model was well-fitted in dye adsorption case with regression co-efficient value of 0.99. In case of uranium, tempkin isotherm model was best fitted with regression co-efficient value as 0.92. Crystal violet dye adsorption favoured second-order kinetic model whereas the adsorption mechanism of uranium followed first-order kinetics. Hence, the revealed results depicted that the synthesized hydrogel served as a potential candidate for the effective removal of toxic dye (crystal violet) and metal ion (uranium) from aqueous media with a sustainable approach towards environment.

Keywords: adsorption modelling; bio-adsorbent; crystal violet; eco-friendly; okra-psyllium
Corresponding author: Anjali Singh, Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Dr BR Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar 144011, Punjab, India, E-mail:

Acknowledgements

One of the authors is extremely thankful to NIT Jalandhar for infrastructure and instrumentation facility.

  1. Ethical approval: NA.

  2. Author contributions: Anjali Singh: Conceptualization, Data analysis, Writing- original draft. Balram: Data curation. Balbir Singh Kaith: Supervision, Writing-review and editing. Rohit Mehra: Data curation and Supervision. Vikas Sardul: Data curation. Manpreet Singh Bhatti: Data curation, Investigation and Data analysis.

  3. Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported inthis paper.

  4. Research funding: NA.

  5. Availability of data and materials: Data will be available on request.

References

[1] Appel, E. A., del Barrio, J., Loh, X. J., Scherman, O. A. Supramolecular polymeric hydrogels. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2012, 41, 6195–6214; https://doi.org/10.1039/c2cs35264h.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

[2] Jochum, F. D., Theato, P. Temperature- and light-responsive smart polymer materials. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2013, 42, 7468–7483; https://doi.org/10.1039/c2cs35191a.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

[3] Rehab, A., Akelah, A., Issa, R., D’antone, S., Solaro, R., Chiellini, E. Controlled release of herbicides supported on polysaccharide based hydrogels. J. Bioact. Compat. Polym. 1991, 6, 52–63; https://doi.org/10.1177/088391159100600105.Suche in Google Scholar

[4] Khan, M., Lo, I. M. C. A holistic review of hydrogel applications in the adsorptive removal of aqueous pollutants: recent progress, challenges, and perspectives. Water Res. 2016, 106, 259–271; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2016.10.008.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

[5] Mohan, S. V., Bhaskar, Y. V., Karthikeyan, J. Biological decolourisation of simulated azo dye in aqueous phase by algae Spirogyra species. Int. J. Environ. Pollut. 2004, 21, 211–222; https://doi.org/10.1504/ijep.2004.004190.Suche in Google Scholar

[6] Walker, G. M., Hansen, L., Hanna, J. A., Allen, S. J. Kinetics of a reactive dye adsorption onto dolomitic sorbents. Water Res 2003, 37, 2081–2089; https://doi.org/10.1016/s0043-1354(02)00540-7.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

[7] Bale, M. S. Management of the umbilicus with crystal violet solution. Can. Med. Assoc. J. 1981, 124, 372–373.Suche in Google Scholar

[8] Ahmad, R. Studies on adsorption of crystal violet dye from aqueous solution onto coniferous pinus bark powder (CPBP). J. Hazard. Mater. 2009, 171, 767–773; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.06.060.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

[9] Hao, O. J., Kim, H., Chiang, P. C. Decolorization of wastewater. Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2000, 30, 449–505; https://doi.org/10.1080/10643380091184237.Suche in Google Scholar

[10] Zhang, J., Mauzerall, D. L., Zhu, T., Liang, S., Ezzati, M., Remais, J. V. Environmental health in China: progress towards clean air and safe water. Lancet 2010, 375, 1110–1119; https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(10)60062-1.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[11] Wei, C., Yang, M., Guo, Y., Xu, W., Gu, J., Ou, M., Xu, X. Highly efficient removal of uranium(VI) from aqueous solutions by poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) hydrogels. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 2018, 315, 211–221; https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-017-5653-8.Suche in Google Scholar

[12] Druchok, M., Holovko, M. Carbon nanotubes as adsorbents for uranyl ions from aqueous solutions: a molecular dynamics study. J. Mol. Liq. 2017, 228, 208–214; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2016.09.093.Suche in Google Scholar

[13] Yuan, Y., Guo, X., Feng, L., Yu, Q., Lin, K., Feng, T., Yan, B., Fedorovich, K. V., Wang, N. Charge balanced anti-adhesive polyacrylamidoxime hydrogel membrane for enhancing uranium extraction from seawater. Chem. Eng. J. 2021, 421, 127878; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.127878.Suche in Google Scholar

[14] Abney, C. W., Mayes, R. T., Saito, T., Dai, S. Materials for the recovery of uranium from seawater. Chem. Rev. 2017, 117, 13935–14013; https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00355.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

[15] Behera, S. K., Meena, H., Chakraborty, S., Meikap, B. C. Application of response surface methodology (RSM) for optimization of leaching parameters for ash reduction from low-grade coal. Int. J. Min. Sci. Technol. 2018, 28, 621–629; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmst.2018.04.014.Suche in Google Scholar

[16] Kaur, S., Jindal, R., Kaur Bhatia, J. Synthesis and RSM-CCD optimization of microwave-induced green interpenetrating network hydrogel adsorbent based on gum copal for selective removal of malachite green from waste water. Polym. Eng. Sci. 2018, 58, 2293–2303; https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.24851.Suche in Google Scholar

[17] Jafarigol, E., Afshar Ghotli, R., Hajipour, A., Pahlevani, H., Baghban Salehi, M. Tough dual-network GAMAAX hydrogel for the efficient removal of cadmium and nickle ions in wastewater treatment applications. J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 2021, 94, 352–360; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2020.11.006.Suche in Google Scholar

[18] Hirose, K., Endo, K., Hasegawa, K. A convenient synthesis of lepidimoide from okra mucilage and its growth-promoting activity in hypocotyls. Carbohydr. Res. 2004, 339, 9–19; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carres.2003.10.003.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

[19] Sinha, P., Ubaidulla, U., Hasnain, M. S., Nayak, A. K., Rama, B. Alginate-okra gum blend beads of diclofenac sodium from aqueous template using ZnSO4 as a cross-linker. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2015, 79, 555–563; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.04.067.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

[20] Sharma, N., Kulkarni, G. T., Sharma, A. Development of abelmoschus esculentus (Okra)-based mucoadhesive gel for nasal delivery of rizatriptan benzoate. Trop. J. Pharm. Res. 2013, 12, 149–153; https://doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v12i2.3.Suche in Google Scholar

[21] Kumar, D., Chandra, R., Dubey, R. Synthesis and characterisation of cross-linked polymers of acrylic acid and psyllium mucilage (Psy-Cl-Aa). J. Technol. Adv. Sci. Res. J. Technol. Adv. Sci. Res. 2019a, 2, 185–189.Suche in Google Scholar

[22] Thakur, V. K., Thakur, M. K. Recent trends in hydrogels based on psyllium polysaccharide: a review. J. Clean. Prod. 2014, 82, 1–15; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.06.066.Suche in Google Scholar

[23] Sandhu, J. S., Hudson, G. J., Kennedy, J. F. The gel nature and structure of the carbohydrate of ispaghula husk ex Plantago ovata Forsk. Carbohydr. Res. 1981, 93, 247–259; https://doi.org/10.1016/s0008-6215(00)80854-x.Suche in Google Scholar

[24] Tripathi, R., Mishra, B. Preparation and evaluation of composite microspheres of polyacrylamide-grafted polysaccharides. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2013, 130, 2912–2922; https://doi.org/10.1002/app.39427.Suche in Google Scholar

[25] Kaith, B. S., SukritiSharma, J., Kaur, T., Sethi, S., Shanker, U., Jassal, V. Microwave-assisted green synthesis of hybrid nanocomposite: removal of Malachite green from waste water. Iran. Polym. J. (English Ed.) 2016, 25, 787–797; https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-016-0467-z.Suche in Google Scholar

[26] Saruchi, Kaith, B. S., Jindal, R., Kapur, G. S. Enzyme-based green approach for the synthesis of gum tragacanth and acrylic acid cross-linked hydrogel: its utilization in controlled fertilizer release and enhancement of water-holding capacity of soil. Iran. Polym. J. (English Ed.) 2013, 22, 561–570; https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-013-0155-1.Suche in Google Scholar

[27] Saruchi, Kaith, B. S., Jindal, R., Kumar, V. Biodegradation of Gum tragacanth acrylic acid based hydrogel and its impact on soil fertility. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2015, 115, 24–31; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.02.009.Suche in Google Scholar

[28] Yi, X., Xu, Z., Liu, Y., Guo, X., Ou, M., Xu, X. Highly efficient removal of uranium(VI) from wastewater by polyacrylic acid hydrogels. RSC Adv. 2017, 7, 6278–6287; https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ra26846c.Suche in Google Scholar

[29] Kaur, K., Jindal, R., Saini, D. Synthesis, optimization and characterization of PVA-co-poly(methacrylic acid) green adsorbents and applications in environmental remediation. Polym. Bull. 2020, 77, 3079–3100; https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-019-02900-1.Suche in Google Scholar

[30] Kaith, B. S., Sharma, R., Kalia, S., Bhatti, M. S. Response surface methodology and optimized synthesis of guar gum-based hydrogels with enhanced swelling capacity. RSC Adv. 2014, 4, 40339–40344; https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ra05300a.Suche in Google Scholar

[31] Kaith, B. S., Jindal, R., Sharma, R. Synthesis of a Gum rosin alcohol-poly(acrylamide) based adsorbent and its application in removal of malachite green dye from waste water. RSC Adv. 2015, 5, 43092–43104; https://doi.org/10.1039/c5ra04256a.Suche in Google Scholar

[32] Kaur, S., Jindal, R. Synthesis of interpenetrating network hydrogel from (gum copal alcohols-collagen)-co-poly(acrylamide) and acrylic acid: isotherms and kinetics study for removal of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution. Mater. Chem. Phys. 2018, 220, 75–86; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2018.08.008.Suche in Google Scholar

[33] Sadeghi, M., Heidari, B. Crosslinked graft copolymer of methacrylic acid and gelatin as a novel hydrogel with ph-responsiveness properties. Materials (Basel) 2010, 4, 543–552; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma4030543.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[34] Dorkoosh, F. A., Brussee, J., Verhoef, J. C., Borchard, G., Rafiee-Tehrani, M., Junginger, H. E. Preparation and NMR characterization of superporous hydrogels (SPH) and SPH composites. Polymer (Guildf). 2000, 41, 8213–8220; https://doi.org/10.1016/s0032-3861(00)00200-7.Suche in Google Scholar

[35] Rao, M. R. P., Babrekar, L., Kharpude, V. S., Chaudhari, J. Synthesis and characterization of psyllium seed mucilage grafted with N,N-methylene bisacrylamide. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2017b, 103, 338–346; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.031.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

[36] Mishra, A., Pal, S. Polyacrylonitrile-grafted Okra mucilage: a renewable reservoir to polymeric materials. Carbohydr. Polym. 2007, 68, 95–100; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2006.07.014.Suche in Google Scholar

[37] Bajpai, S. K., Chand, N., Ahuja, S. Investigation of curcumin release from chitosan/cellulose micro crystals (CMC) antimicrobial films. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2015, 79, 440–448; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.05.012.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

[38] Mishra, A., Agarwal, M., Bajpai, M., Rajani, S., Mishra, R. P. Plantago psyllium mucilage for sewage and tannery effluent treatment. Iran. Polym. J. (English Ed.) 2002, 11, 381–386.Suche in Google Scholar

[39] Rao, M. R., Fang, Y., De Feyter, S., Perepichka, D. F. Conjugated covalent organic frameworks via Michael addition-elimination. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2017a, 139, 2421–2427; https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.6b12005.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

[40] Kumar, D., Pandey, J., Khan, N., Kumar, P., Kundu, P. P. Synthesize and characterization of binary grafted psyllium for removing toxic mercury (II) ions from aqueous solution. Mater. Sci. Eng. C 2019b, 104, 109900; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2019.109900.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

[41] Maryam, S., Barkat, K., Khalid, I., Mehmood, Y., Syed, M. A., Malik, N. S., Aslam, M. Polymeric blends of okra gum/gelatin prepared by aqueous polymerization technique: their characterization and toxicological evaluation. Polym. Bull. 2022, 79, 5339–5363; https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-021-03561-9.Suche in Google Scholar

[42] Das, M. K., Senapati, P. C. Evaluation of furosemide-loaded alginate microspheres prepared by ionotropic external gelation technique. Acta Pol. Pharm. Drug Res. 2007, 64, 253–262.Suche in Google Scholar

[43] De Alvarenga Pinto Cotrim, M., Mottin, A. C., Ayres, E. Preparation and characterization of okra mucilage (abelmoschus esculentus) edible films. Macromol. Symp. 2016, 367, 90–100; https://doi.org/10.1002/masy.201600019.Suche in Google Scholar

[44] Ghumman, S. A., Bashir, S., Noreen, S., Khan, A. M., Riffat, S., Abbas, M. Polymeric microspheres of okra mucilage and alginate for the controlled release of oxcarbazepine: in vitro & in vivo evaluation. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2018, 111, 1156–1165; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.058.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

[45] Singh, B., Chauhan, G. S., Sharma, D. K., Kant, A., Gupta, I., Chauhan, N. The release dynamics of model drugs from the psyllium and N-hydroxymethylacrylamide based hydrogels. Int. J. Pharm. 2006, 325, 15–25; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.06.007.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

[46] Kaith, B. S., Chauhan, A. Synthesis, characterization and mechanical evaluation of the phenol-formaldehyde composites. E-Journal Chem. 2008, 5, 1015–1020; https://doi.org/10.1155/2008/328426.Suche in Google Scholar

[47] Singh, B., Sharma, N., Chauhan, N. Synthesis, characterization and swelling studies of pH responsive psyllium and methacrylamide based hydrogels for the use in colon specific drug delivery. Carbohydr. Polym. 2007, 69, 631–643; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2007.01.020.Suche in Google Scholar

[48] Khozemy, E. E., Nasef, S. M., Mahmoud, G. A. Synthesis and characterization of antimicrobial nanocomposite hydrogel based on wheat flour and poly (vinyl alcohol) using γ-irradiation. Adv. Polym. Technol. 2018, 37, 3252–3261; https://doi.org/10.1002/adv.22094.Suche in Google Scholar

[49] Wadhera, P., Jindal, R., Dogra, R. Evaluation of flocculation characteristics and biodegradation studies of reduced gum rosin and psyllium-based hydrogel. Polym. Eng. Sci. 2020, 60, 1231–1243; https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.25376.Suche in Google Scholar

[50] Hemant, M., Kaith, B. S., Jindal, R. Synthesis, characterization and swelling behaviour of poly(acrylamide-co-methacrylic acid) grafted Gum ghatti based superabsorbent hydrogels. Adv. Appl. Res. 2010, 1, 56–66.Suche in Google Scholar

[51] Gao, J.-P., Tian, R.-C., Yu, J.-G., Duan, M.-L. Graft copolymers of methy methacrylate onto canna starch using manganic pyrophosphate as an initiator. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1994, 53, 1091–1102; https://doi.org/10.1002/app.1994.070530811.Suche in Google Scholar

[52] Kaur, G., Singh, D., Brar, V. Bioadhesive okra polymer based buccal patches as platform for controlled drug delivery. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2014, 70, 408–419; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.07.015.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

[53] Singh, B., Sharma, V. Design of psyllium-PVA-acrylic acid based novel hydrogels for use in antibiotic drug delivery. Int. J. Pharm. 2010, 389, 94–106; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.01.022.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

[54] Kumar, R., Sharma, K., Tiwary, K. P., Sen, G. Polymethacrylic acid grafted psyllium (Psy-g-PMA): a novel material for waste water treatment. Appl. Water Sci. 2013, 3, 285–291; https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-013-0081-6.Suche in Google Scholar

[55] Wadhera, P., Jindal, R., Dogra, R. Synthesis of semi interpenetrating network hydrogel [(GrA-Psy)-cl-Poly (AA)] and its application for efficient removal of malachite green from aqueous solution. Polym. Eng. Sci. 2019, 59, 1416–1427; https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.25126.Suche in Google Scholar

[56] Oladipo, A. A., Gazi, M. Enhanced removal of crystal violet by low cost alginate/acid activated bentonite composite beads: optimization and modelling using non-linear regression technique. J. Water Process Eng. 2014, 2, 43–52; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2014.04.007.Suche in Google Scholar

[57] Bhullar, N., Kumari, K., Sud, D. A biopolymer-based composite hydrogel for rhodamine 6G dye removal: its synthesis, adsorption isotherms and kinetics. Iran. Polym. J. (English Ed.) 2018, 27, 527–535; https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-018-0630-9.Suche in Google Scholar

[58] Pourjavadi, A., Fakoorpoor, S. M., Hosseini, P., Khaloo, A. Interactions between superabsorbent polymers and cement-based composites incorporating colloidal silica nanoparticles. Cem. Concr. Compos. 2013, 37, 196–204; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2012.10.005.Suche in Google Scholar

[59] Dada, A. O., Olalekan, A. P., Olatunya, A. M., Dada, O. Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherms studies of equilibrium sorption of Zn2+ unto phosphoric acid modified rice husk. IOSR J. Appl. Chem. 2012, 3, 38–45; https://doi.org/10.9790/5736-0313845.Suche in Google Scholar

[60] Araújo, C. S., Rodrigues, A. M. C., Peixoto Joele, M. R. S., Araújo, E. A. F., Lourenço, L. F. H. Optimizing process parameters to obtain a bioplastic using proteins from fish byproducts through the response surface methodology. Food Packag. Shelf Life 2018, 16, 23–30; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fpsl.2018.01.009.Suche in Google Scholar
Received: 2023-05-02
Accepted: 2023-06-25
Published Online: 2023-08-08
Published in Print: 2023-09-26

© 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Original Papers
  3. Okra-psyllium based green synthesis of eco-friendly bio-adsorbent for efficient removal of uranium and crystal violet dye from aqueous media: statistical optimization using response surface methodology
  4. Dansyl based selective fluorescence sensor for Hg in aqueous environment: an experimental and computational studies
  5. Cobalt and holmium co-doped nickel ferrite nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic application studies
  6. Green synthesis of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoflakes using vegetables extracts and their magnetic, structural and antibacterial properties evaluation
  7. Effect of ethanol and sodium chloride on the physio-chemical properties of Montelukast sodium and its interaction with DNA
  8. Synthesis, crystal growth and supramolecular chemistry of 4-dimethylaminopyridinium salts of benzoates and a phenolate ion
  9. Exploring the occurrence, relationship and in vitro culturing behaviors of bacterial populations associated with dental caries in adult patients
  10. A thermodynamic investigation on the micellization behavior of ionic liquid in presence of vitamins
  11. Cd/SBA-15 heterogeneous catalyst used for acetic acid conversion: pseudo-homogeneous kinetic model, response surface methodology, and historical data design
https://doi.org/10.1515/zpch-2023-0250
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
adsorption modelling; bio-adsorbent; crystal violet; eco-friendly; okra-psyllium

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Original Papers
  3. Okra-psyllium based green synthesis of eco-friendly bio-adsorbent for efficient removal of uranium and crystal violet dye from aqueous media: statistical optimization using response surface methodology
  4. Dansyl based selective fluorescence sensor for Hg in aqueous environment: an experimental and computational studies
  5. Cobalt and holmium co-doped nickel ferrite nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic application studies
  6. Green synthesis of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoflakes using vegetables extracts and their magnetic, structural and antibacterial properties evaluation
  7. Effect of ethanol and sodium chloride on the physio-chemical properties of Montelukast sodium and its interaction with DNA
  8. Synthesis, crystal growth and supramolecular chemistry of 4-dimethylaminopyridinium salts of benzoates and a phenolate ion
  9. Exploring the occurrence, relationship and in vitro culturing behaviors of bacterial populations associated with dental caries in adult patients
  10. A thermodynamic investigation on the micellization behavior of ionic liquid in presence of vitamins
  11. Cd/SBA-15 heterogeneous catalyst used for acetic acid conversion: pseudo-homogeneous kinetic model, response surface methodology, and historical data design
Jetzt anmelden und 20% sparen
Institutioneller Zugang
Wie funktioniert Authentifizierung?
Haben Sie eine Idee, wie wir unsere Website verbessern können?
Bitte schreiben Sie uns.
© 2026 De Gruyter Brill
Heruntergeladen am 9.1.2026 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/zpch-2023-0250/html
Button zum nach oben scrollen