Cd/SBA-15 heterogeneous catalyst used for acetic acid conversion: pseudo-homogeneous kinetic model, response surface methodology, and historical data design
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Veli Şimşek
Abstract
Mesoporous materials (MMs) in the Santa Barbara Amorphous (SBA) family can be used as catalysts or support materials (SMs) for catalysts because they have controllable pore structure, thermal and chemical stability, and their surface properties can be modified easily depending on the desired reaction type. Surfactant (Pluronic p123; it is a symmetric triblock copolymer comprising poly and its chemical formula; HO(CH2CH2O)20(CH2CH(CH3)O)70(CH2CH2O)20H), a silica source (such as Tetraethyl orthosilicate: TEOS; SiC8H20O4), and a solvent are used in the synthesis of the SBA family (SBA-15). The SBA-15 was given with the hydrothermal method (HM) a catalyst feature by loading the active substance at a rate of 10, 25 % (cadmium/silica) by mass. Esterification reactions (ERs) were carried out with Cd-SBA-15 (Cd/Si: 10–25 %) catalyst at a feed rate of 1/2 (methanol/acetic acid), in the presence of 0.4 g catalyst, at a reaction temperature of 373 K and for 6–48 h. After 48 h, the catalytic activity (CA) values were obtained as 65 and 68 %, respectively. The re-usability of the catalysts was repeated two times under the same experimental conditions. It was observed that the catalysts maintained their catalytic activity of 73.35 and 68.72 % (3 × 48 h). In addition, the limited effect of catalyst amount on acetic acid conversion was investigated by Response Surface Methodology, and Historical Data Design. Moreover, k1, k2, equilibrium constant and activation energy values were calculated using the pseudo-homogeneous kinetic model. The physical features of the catalysts were investigated by BET, XRD, FTIR, DRIFT, SEM/EDX, and MAPPING analysis methods.
Acknowledgments
I would like to thank Prof. Dr. Mustafa Oğuzhan Çağlayan for his support of RSM and HDD.
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Research ethics: The author state that the manuscript is not be submitted simultaneously to another journal. The submitted work is original and has not been published elsewhere in any form or language. The author agrees to participate in submitting his manuscript to this journal and agrees to the publication of his research data in this journal.
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Author contributions: Veli Şimşek: Synthesis and characterizations of catalysts, esterification reactions, calculation of reaction parameters, writing and reading of the manuscript. Briefly, all the work in the article was carried out by the author.
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Competing interests: I declare that I have no conflict of interest.
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Research funding: I declare that no funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript.
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Data availability: The raw data can be obtained on request from the corresponding author.
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Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Original Papers
- Okra-psyllium based green synthesis of eco-friendly bio-adsorbent for efficient removal of uranium and crystal violet dye from aqueous media: statistical optimization using response surface methodology
- Dansyl based selective fluorescence sensor for Hg in aqueous environment: an experimental and computational studies
- Cobalt and holmium co-doped nickel ferrite nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic application studies
- Green synthesis of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoflakes using vegetables extracts and their magnetic, structural and antibacterial properties evaluation
- Effect of ethanol and sodium chloride on the physio-chemical properties of Montelukast sodium and its interaction with DNA
- Synthesis, crystal growth and supramolecular chemistry of 4-dimethylaminopyridinium salts of benzoates and a phenolate ion
- Exploring the occurrence, relationship and in vitro culturing behaviors of bacterial populations associated with dental caries in adult patients
- A thermodynamic investigation on the micellization behavior of ionic liquid in presence of vitamins
- Cd/SBA-15 heterogeneous catalyst used for acetic acid conversion: pseudo-homogeneous kinetic model, response surface methodology, and historical data design
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Original Papers
- Okra-psyllium based green synthesis of eco-friendly bio-adsorbent for efficient removal of uranium and crystal violet dye from aqueous media: statistical optimization using response surface methodology
- Dansyl based selective fluorescence sensor for Hg in aqueous environment: an experimental and computational studies
- Cobalt and holmium co-doped nickel ferrite nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic application studies
- Green synthesis of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoflakes using vegetables extracts and their magnetic, structural and antibacterial properties evaluation
- Effect of ethanol and sodium chloride on the physio-chemical properties of Montelukast sodium and its interaction with DNA
- Synthesis, crystal growth and supramolecular chemistry of 4-dimethylaminopyridinium salts of benzoates and a phenolate ion
- Exploring the occurrence, relationship and in vitro culturing behaviors of bacterial populations associated with dental caries in adult patients
- A thermodynamic investigation on the micellization behavior of ionic liquid in presence of vitamins
- Cd/SBA-15 heterogeneous catalyst used for acetic acid conversion: pseudo-homogeneous kinetic model, response surface methodology, and historical data design
