Startseite Politeness in professional contexts: foreign-language teacher training
Artikel
Lizenziert
Nicht lizenziert Erfordert eine Authentifizierung

Politeness in professional contexts: foreign-language teacher training

  • Gerrard Mugford

    Gerrard Mugford is a lecturer in pragmatics, discourse analysis and sociolinguistics at la Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico. His current research interests include (im)politeness, foreign-language interpersonal language use and critical pedagogy. He has published articles and book chapters on politeness, impoliteness, anticortesía, phatic communion and lexical studies in Mexico, the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Spain and Colombia. His recent book, published by Routledge, is Addressing Difficult Situations in Foreign-Language Learning: Confusion, Impoliteness, and Hostility.

    EMAIL logo
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 22. April 2021

Abstract

This paper examines the professional context of teachers of English as a Foreign Language (EFL), whose first language is not English but who are required to help learners adhere to target-language (TL) politeness norms and practices. Many of these teachers have had little or no contact with TL countries/cultures and have limited professional training in this area. This paper highlights the specific context of 39 Mexican EFL teachers who reflected on their understandings and “teaching” of politeness. I argue that by employing existing resources and knowledge and with further training, bilingual teachers can be helped to take “possession” of politeness rather than having to unquestioningly teach appropriate, socially-accepted, socially-expected usage.


Corresponding author: Gerrard Mugford, Universidad de Guadalajara – Lenguas Modernas, Guanajuato 1049 Planta baja Colonia. La Normal Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44260, Mexico, E-mail:

About the author

Gerrard Mugford

Gerrard Mugford is a lecturer in pragmatics, discourse analysis and sociolinguistics at la Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico. His current research interests include (im)politeness, foreign-language interpersonal language use and critical pedagogy. He has published articles and book chapters on politeness, impoliteness, anticortesía, phatic communion and lexical studies in Mexico, the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Spain and Colombia. His recent book, published by Routledge, is Addressing Difficult Situations in Foreign-Language Learning: Confusion, Impoliteness, and Hostility.

Appendix: Specific questions

1. What is politeness?
2. Do you think that being polite is basically the same in Spanish as it is in English? Yes/No
Can you explain your answer?
3. Are you polite in English in the same way as you are polite in Spanish? Yes/No
Can you explain your answer?
4. Do you feel comfortable teaching/explaining politeness in the English-language classroom? Yes/No
Can you explain your answer?
5. Do you have the necessary preparation, training and knowledge as a teacher to help students to be polite in English? Yes/No
Can you explain your answer?
6. Do you know any teaching theory behind being polite? Yes/No
If yes, can you give details?
7. Any additional comments/experiences reading this questionnaire.

References

Appleby, Roslyn. 2010. ELT, gender and international development. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.10.21832/9781847693051Suche in Google Scholar

Beeching, Kate. 2016. Pragmatic markers in British English: Meaning in social interaction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9781139507110Suche in Google Scholar

Bialystok, Ellen. 1993. Symbolic representation and attentional control in pragmatic competence. In Gabriele Kasper & Shoshana Blum-Kulka (eds.), Interlanguage pragmatics, 43–57. New York: Oxford University Press.10.1093/oso/9780195066029.003.0003Suche in Google Scholar

Bokhorst-Heng, Wendy D. 2012. Lexical innovation in English as an international language: Implications for English teaching. In Lubna Alsagoff, Sandra Lee McKay, Guangwei Hu & Willy A. Renandya (eds.), Principles and practices for teaching English as an international language, 206–225. London and New York: Routledge.Suche in Google Scholar

Borg, Simon. 2003. Discourse community. ELT Journal 57(4). 398–400. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/57.4.398.Suche in Google Scholar

Bou-Franch, Patricia & Pilar Garcés-Conejos. 2003. Teaching linguistic politeness: A methodological proposal. IRAL: International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching 41. 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1515/iral.2003.001.Suche in Google Scholar

Bourdieu, Pierre. 1972. Outline of a theory of practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Suche in Google Scholar

Bourdieu, Pierre. 1980. The logic of practice. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Suche in Google Scholar

Bourdieu, Pierre. 1991. Language & symbolic power. Cambridge: Polity Press.Suche in Google Scholar

Braine, George. 2010. Nonnative speaker English teachers: Research, pedagogy, and professional growth. New York: Routledge.10.4324/9780203856710Suche in Google Scholar

Brown, Andrew. 1999. Parental participation, positioning and pedagogy: a sociological study of the IMPACT primary school mathematics project. London: Institute of Education, University of London Doctoral Thesis.Suche in Google Scholar

Brown, Penelope & Stephen Levinson. 1987. Politeness: Some universals in language usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511813085Suche in Google Scholar

Caffi, Claudia. 1999. On imagination. Journal of Pragmatics 31. 881–909. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-2166(98)00098-8.Suche in Google Scholar

Cohen, Andrew D. 2018. Learning pragmatics from native and nonnative language teachers. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.10.21832/COHEN9924Suche in Google Scholar

Crookes, Graham. 2013. Critical ELT in action: Foundations, promises, praxis. New York and London: Routledge.10.4324/9780203844250Suche in Google Scholar

Curcó, Carmen. 2007. Positive face, group face, and affiliation: An overview of politeness studies on Mexican Spanish. In Maria Elena Placencia & Carmen Garcia (eds.), Research on politeness in the Spanish-speaking world, 105–120. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.10.4324/9781315088822-7Suche in Google Scholar

Edmondson, Willis & Juliane House. 1981. Let’s talk and talk about it. München: Urban & Schwarzenberg.Suche in Google Scholar

Eelen, Gino. 2001. A critique of politeness theories. Manchester: St. Jerome.Suche in Google Scholar

Englebretson, Robert (ed.). 2007. Stancetaking in discourse: Subjectivity, evaluation, interaction. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.10.1075/pbns.164Suche in Google Scholar

Félix-Brasdefer, J. César. 2008. Politeness in Mexico and the United States: A contrastive study of the realization and perception of refusals. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.10.1075/pbns.171Suche in Google Scholar

Goffman, Erving. 1967. Interaction ritual: Essays on face-to-face behaviour. New York: Anchor Books.Suche in Google Scholar

Haugh, Michael & Wei-Lin Chang. 2015. Understanding im/politeness across cultures: and interactional approach to raising sociopragmatic awareness. IRAL: International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching 53(4). 389–414. https://doi.org/10.1515/iral-2015-0018.Suche in Google Scholar

Ishihara, Noriko. 2010. Teachers’ pragmatics: knowledge, beliefs, and practice. In Noriko Ishihara & Andrew D. Cohen (eds.), Teaching and learning pragmatics: Where language and culture meet, 21–36. Harlow, Essex, England: Longman/Pearson Education.Suche in Google Scholar

Ishihara, Noriko & Andrew Cohen. 2010. Teaching and learning pragmatics. Harlow, UK: Longman.Suche in Google Scholar

Lakoff, Robin. 1973. The logic of politeness; or minding your p’s and q’s. In Papers from the 9th regional meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society, 292–305. Chicago: Chicago Linguistic Society.Suche in Google Scholar

Leech, Geoffrey. 1983. Principles of pragmatics. London: Longman.Suche in Google Scholar

LoCastro, Virginia. 2012. Pragmatics for language educators, a sociolinguistic perspective. New York: Routledge.10.4324/9780203850947Suche in Google Scholar

Locher, Miriam. 2004. Power and politeness in action: Disagreements in oral communication. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter.10.1515/9783110926552Suche in Google Scholar

Márquez Reiter, Rosina. 2000. Linguistic politeness in Britain and Uruguay. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.10.1075/pbns.83Suche in Google Scholar

McConachy, Troy & Kaori Hata. 2013. Addressing textbook representations of pragmatics and culture. ELT Journal 67(3). 294–301. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/cct017.Suche in Google Scholar

McConachy, Troy. 2018. Developing intercultural perspectives on language use. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.10.21832/MCCONA9320Suche in Google Scholar

McKay, Sandra. 2003. Toward an appropriate EIL pedagogy: Re-examining ELT common assumptions. International Journal of Applied Linguistics 13(1). 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1111/1473-4192.00035.Suche in Google Scholar

McKay, Sandra. 2012. Principles of teaching English as an international language. In Lubna Alsagoff, Sandra Lee McKay, Guangwei Hu & Willy A. Renandya (eds.), Principles and practices for teaching English as an international language, 28–46. London and New York: Routledge.Suche in Google Scholar

Mills, Sara. 2003. Gender and politeness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511615238Suche in Google Scholar

O’Keeffe, Anne, Brain Clancy & Svenja Adolphs. 2011. Introducing pragmatics in use. Abingdon, Oxford: Routledge.10.4324/9780203830949Suche in Google Scholar

Pennycook, Alastair. 2001. Critical applied linguistics: A critical introduction. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum.10.4324/9781410600790Suche in Google Scholar

Ren, Wei & Zhengrui Han. 2016. The representation of pragmatic knowledge in recent textbooks. ELT Journal 70(4). 424–434. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/ccw010.Suche in Google Scholar

Rose, Kenneth & Gabriele Kasper. 2001. Pragmatics in language teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9781139524797Suche in Google Scholar

Schmidt, Richard. 1993. Consciousness, learning and interlanguage pragmatics. In Gabriele Kasper & Shoshana Blum-Kulka (eds.), Interlanguage pragmatics, 21–42. New York: Oxford University Press.10.1093/oso/9780195066029.003.0002Suche in Google Scholar

Spencer-Oatey, Helen. 2008. Face, (im)politeness and rapport. In Helen Spencer-Oatey (ed.), Culturally speaking: Managing rapport through talk across cultures, 2nd edn., 12–47. London: Continuum.Suche in Google Scholar

Thomas, Jenny. 1983. Cross-cultural pragmatic failure. Applied Linguistics 4. 91–112. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/4.2.91.Suche in Google Scholar

Thompson, John. 1991. Introduction. In Pierre Bourdieu (ed.), Language & symbolic power. Cambridge: Polity Press.Suche in Google Scholar

van Compernolle, Rémi A. 2014. Sociocultural theory and L2 instructional pragmatics. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.10.21832/9781783091409Suche in Google Scholar

Wallace, Catherine. 2002. Local literacies and global literacies. In David Block & Deborah Cameron (eds.), Globalization and language teaching, 101–104. London: Routledge.Suche in Google Scholar

Watts, Richard. 2003. Politeness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Suche in Google Scholar

Wenger, Etienne. 1998. Communities of practice. New York: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511803932Suche in Google Scholar

Wink, Joan. 2011. Critical pedagogy: Notes from the real world. Boston: Pearson.Suche in Google Scholar

Received: 2020-01-18
Accepted: 2020-05-06
Published Online: 2021-04-22
Published in Print: 2022-02-23

© 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Heruntergeladen am 27.9.2025 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/pr-2020-0006/html
Button zum nach oben scrollen