Modelling anisotropic maturation strains in wood in relation to fibre boundary conditions, microstructure and maturation kinetics
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Tancrède Alméras
Abstract
A generalisation of existing mechanical models is proposed to account for the relation between wood macroscopic properties and fibre microstructure and chemical composition. It is applied to understanding of the origin of anisotropic maturation strains measured at the outermost surface of the xylem. Various assumptions are considered for boundary conditions of the fibre during the progressive maturation process and are applied to experimental data from the literature. Assumptions that the fibre is fully restrained in displacement, or fully unrestrained or unrestrained in the transverse direction only are all incompatible with observations. Indeed, within the tree, the fibre is restrained in the longitudinal and tangential directions, but unrestrained in the radial direction towards the bark. Mixed boundary conditions must be introduced to correctly simulate both longitudinal and tangential maturation strains. In the context of an analytical axisymmetric model, this is estimated by considering a parameter of partial release of tangential stress during maturation. Consistence with data and with finite element computation in the case of a square fibre confirmed that, because of the unrestrained radial condition, a large part of the tangential maturation stress is released in situ.
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Artikel in diesem Heft
- Molecular dynamics study of lignin constituents in water
- Oxidative cellulose degradation by cellobiose dehydrogenase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium: A model compound study
- Characterization of active oxygen species under oxygen-alkali bleaching conditions
- Erythro/threo ratio of β-O-4-5 structures as an important structural characteristic of lignin. Part 4: Variation in the erythro/threo ratio in softwood and hardwood lignins and its relation to syringyl/guaiacyl ratio
- Stereoisomers of 3,3′-dimethoxy-4,4′-stilbenequinone
- Liquefaction of CCA-treated wood and elimination of metals from the solvent by precipitation
- Condensed tannins from steamed Acacia mearnsii bark
- Chemical composition and antifungal activity of essential oil isolated from Chamaecyparis formosensis Matsum. wood
- Direct measurement of strain distribution along a wood bond line. Part 1: Shear strain concentration in a lap joint specimen by means of electronic speckle pattern interferometry
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- Resistance of thermo-hygro-mechanically densified wood to colonisation and degradation by brown-rot fungi
- Microbial colonizers of freshly sawn yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) lumber in two seasons. Part 3: Yeasts
- Efficacy of a copper(II)/oxine copper wood preservative mixture after 69 months of outdoor ground-contact exposure and a proposed mechanism to explain the observed synergism
- Differentiation of indoor wood decay fungi with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry
- Horst H. Nimz celebrates his 75th birthday on April, 21st, 2005
- Erratum
