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We generalize the notions of a pseudo BCK-algebra and a residuated lattice by introducing, respectively, extended BCK-algebras and BCK-monoids, and prove a decomposition theorem for BCK-monoids, generalising a decomposition theorem of Galatos and Tsinakis for GBL-algebras. Also, we specialise this theorem to hoop monoids and Wajsberg monoids, which generalize, respectively, GBL-algebras and GMV-algebras. Finally, we include a discussion on Iséki monoids, which extend the concept of left pseudo Iséki algebras of Iorgulescu.

In [RATANAPRASERT, C.—DAVEY, B.: Semimodular lattices with isomorphic graphs, Order 4 (1987), 1–13], the authors found conditions under which an isomorphism of graphs of discrete lattices transfers semimodularity. The main theorem of the present paper generalizes their result for discrete partially ordered sets.

Many algebras arising in logic have a lattice structure with intervals being equipped with antitone involutions. It has been proved in [CHK1] that these lattices are in a one-to-one correspondence with so-called basic algebras. In the recent papers [BOTUR, M.—HALAŠ, R.: Finite commutative basic algebras are MV-algebras, J. Mult.-Valued Logic Soft Comput. (To appear)]. and [BOTUR, M.—HALAŠ, R.: Complete commutative basic algebras, Order 24 (2007), 89–105] we have proved that every finite commutative basic algebra is an MV-algebra, and that every complete commutative basic algebra is a subdirect product of chains. The paper solves in negative the open question posed in [BOTUR, M.—HALAŠ, R.: Complete commutative basic algebras, Order 24 (2007), 89–105] whether every commutative basic algebra on the interval [0, 1] of the reals has to be an MV-algebra.

The notion of idempotent modification of an algebra was introduced by Ježek; he proved that the idempotent modification of a group is always subdirectly irreducible. In the present note we show that the idempotent modification of a generalized MV -algebra having more than two elements is directly irreducible if and only if there exists an element in A which fails to be boolean. Some further results on idempotent modifications are also proved.

In connection with his investigation of convexities generated by fractal lattices, Czédli formulated a conjecture concerning lattice embeddings of a lattice into its intervals. In the present note we modify the conditions from Czédli’s conjecture; we consider only intervals having more than two elements. Further, we prove the validity of Czédli’s conjecture.

In this paper we obtain and establish some important results in ordered Γ-semigroups extending and generalizing those for semigroups given in [PETRICH, M.: Introduction to Semigroups, Merill, Columbus, 1973] and for ordered semigroups from [KEHAYOPULU, N.: On weakly prime ideals of ordered semigroups, Math. Japon. 35 (1990), 1051–1056], [KEHAYOPULU, N.: On prime, weakly prime ideals in ordered semigroups, Semigroup Forum 44 (1992), 341–346] and [XIE, X. Y.—WU, M. F.: On quasi-prime, weakly quasi-prime left ideals in ordered semigroups, PU.M.A. 6 (1995), 105–120]. We introduce and give some characterizations about the quasi-prime and weakly quasi-prime left ideals of ordered-Γ-semigroups. We also introduce the concept of weakly m-systems in ordered Γ-semigroups and give some characterizations of the quasi-prime and weakly quasi-prime left ideals by weakly m-systems.

We study here so called cuts of terms and their classes modulo the identities of the left distributivity and the idempotency. We give an inductive definition of such classes and this gives us a criterion that decides in some cases whether two terms are equivalent modulo both identities.

We establish asymptotic formulas for nonoscillatory solutions of a special conditionally oscillatory half-linear second order differential equation, which is seen as a perturbation of a general nonoscillatory half-linear differential equation $$ (r(t)\Phi (x'))' + c(t)\Phi (x) = 0,\Phi (x) = |x|^{p - 1} \operatorname{sgn} x,p > 1, $$ where r, c are continuous functions and r(t) > 0.

We present criteria of Hille-Nehari type for the half-linear dynamic equation (r(t)Φ(y Δ))Δ+p(t)Φ(y σ) = 0 on time scales. As a particular important case we get that there is a a (sharp) critical constant which may be different from what is known from the continuous case, and its value depends on the graininess of a time scale and on the coefficient r. As applications we state criteria for strong (non)oscillation, examine generalized Euler type equations, and establish criteria of Kneser type. Examples from q-calculus, a Hardy type inequality with weights, and further possibilities for study are presented as well. Our results unify and extend many existing results from special cases, and are new even in the well-studied discrete case.

The object of this paper is to introduce a new difference sequence space which arise from the notions of |$$ \bar N $$, p k| summability and an Orlicz function in seminormed complex linear space. Various algebraic and topological properties and certain inclusion relations involving this space have been discussed. This study generalizes results: [ALTIN, Y.—ET, M.—TRIPATHY, B. C.: The sequence space |$$ \bar N_p $$|(M, r, q, s) on seminormed spaces, Appl. Math. Comput. 154 (2004), 423–430], [BHARDWAJ, V. K.—SINGH, N.: Some sequence spaces defined by |$$ \bar N $$, p n| summability, Demonstratio Math. 32 (1999), 539–546] and [BHARDWAJ, V. K.—SINGH, N.: Some sequence spaces defined by |$$ \bar N $$, p n| summability and an Orlicz function, Indian J. Pure Appl. Math. 31 (2000), 319–325].

We consider the Kantorovich and the Durrmeyer type modifications of the generalized Favard operators and we prove some direct approximation theorems for functions f such that w σ f ∈ L p(R), where 1 ≤ p ≤ ∞ and w σ(x) = exp(−σx 2), σ > 0.