Band 21, Heft 1

The paper is devoted to such a unique phenomenon of so-called written or fixed folklore, as Ukrainian epigraphic rushnyks containing a specific verbal formula “I was embroidering the towel with a sincere hand and praying to God for fate and godsend” which were popular at the end of the 19th and the first half of the 20th century. Considering the communication of these towels according to the well-known multimodal scheme, the author states that such rushnyks with inscriptions could use all five modes (spatial, visual, linguistic, aural, and gestural one), having already become not quite rushnyks in its traditional sense. On the one hand, these embroidered towels functioned as drawings or open books (locating on the wall with two hanging ends). On the other hand, they also could be gifted for the road, thus symbolizing the path, as it was typical for more traditional and older samples. Concerning modern interpretation of these towels, hybrid beliefs and identities are frequently connected with them. In addition, the article claims that rushnyks ’ inscriptions, functioning simultaneously in several roles (in particular, they could be both embroidered and sung), provoke us to develop more deeply the theory of speech acts in linguistic pragmatics.

The study aimed to investigate the functional-pragmatic and communicative-pragmatic use of morphological and syntactic diminutive resources of Kazakh and English in the example of artistic contexts. The following methods were used: comparative-comparative, morphological-syntactic, communicative-pragmatic, analytical-synthetic, and contextual. This paper analysed the main morphological and syntactic resources used for word formation of diminutive adjectives in Kazakh and English languages. In particular, the results of the study showed that synthetic means (use of suffixal morphemes with diminutive semantics) and analytical means (use of special lexemes with diminutive semantics) are frequent in Kazakh. It was determined that suffixal morphemes to express the diminutiveness of adjectives were most often used to warn addressees about the properties of objects and phenomena, to soften categorical evaluation in Kazakh, to diminish the attributes of the object, to demonstrate the incompleteness of the attribute in English. This work can be used in the spheres of communicative linguistics, linguistic pragmatics, word formation, and morphology.

The relevance of the study is that specific individual linguistic customs and traditions are characteristic of each nation. The objective of the study is to examine the key aspects of anthroponyms and the methodology of their development in Turkish and Kazakh languages. In conducting the research, general scientific and special methods were used to achieve its goals and objectives. Its main results can be defined as follows. It was argued that the lexical-semantic approach to word formation is one of the most widespread approaches to the creation of meaningful anthroponyms, reflecting the features and characteristics of the named person. According to the results of the conducted research, the necessity of studying anthroponyms and word formations was revealed and substantiated. The reason for this is that they have an important social and cultural significance in the process of interaction between the peoples of the world, as well as the study of their cultural heritage. The latter is directly related to the fact that personal names express moral and philosophical values of a certain ethos, fix in themselves the history, traditions, and beliefs of a particular society or community. As a result of the research, it was concluded that anthroponyms in the onomastic field of any language of the world are nuclear constituents. At the same time, the whole set of anthroponyms contained in it will be unique, as the factors influencing the speakers of the language will differ.

This paper presents an analysis of the use of humorous stickers within a WhatsApp chat group. With the rapid growth of digital communication, particularly on mobile devices, WhatsApp has become a popular platform for various forms of interaction, including voice and video calls, as well as text and voice messaging. In this context, humour is a prevalent phenomenon, especially in groups where participants have established familiarity and trust. The prevalence of humour in digital communication is largely attributed to the use of multimodal resources, such as stickers – digital images that can include text and are used to convey emotions, feelings, and humour. The study’s initial hypothesis posits that stickers serve as a means of humour contextualization, helping to emphasize and enhance the intended humour in messages. Additionally, stickers are believed to aid in reducing misunderstandings during communication and mitigating potential threats to the participants’ social image. For this case study, the researchers employed a qualitative approach to analyse conversations within a Spanish WhatsApp group comprising numerous participants, resulting in a corpus comprising 44,362 words and 273 stickers. From this data, they selected 8 humorous conversational sequences that exemplify the primary uses and functions of stickers in this digital context.

The relevance of this study consists in the entire society’s strong awareness of the need for gender equality, not only in a practical sense but also at the level of communicative culture. This culture strongly influences people’s self-awareness and often determines their role in everyday life, depending on the attitude inherent in the lexical units that are applied to an individual. The purpose of the study is the most complete consideration of the specific features of gender stereotype functioning and development in the Kazakh language in different aspects, the identification of types of gender vocabulary, and consideration of the historical and cultural context of the development and functioning of a gender stereotype in the Kazakh language. Both linguistic and historical methods were used, which allowed for considering the communicative culture of the Kazakh language not only in modern realities but also in a historical context. As a result of the study, the phraseologisms of the Kazakh language, including gender stereotypes, were considered, and the features of gender stereotype development in the historical context were considered. As a result of the study, a conclusion was made about the specific features of the development and functioning of the gender stereotype in the Kazakh language, its spread in the communicative culture of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the influence on the perception of individuals due to the use of gender-coloured lexical units in their address, and the definition of gender stereotypes of “masculinity” and “femininity” was made, which allowed for a more accurate classification of the gender-coloured group of lexical units in the Kazakh language.

The study of cognitive mechanisms involved in the process of developing communicative competencies, particularly from the perspective of dialogue theory, is relevant and necessary to improve communicative activity and its effectiveness. The purpose of this research is to study the cognitive-communicative interaction in the process of dialogical communication and the cognitive conditionality of the development of communicative competencies. The methods of frame, cognitive and communicative analysis, and the analytical-synthetic method were used in the study. The main frame structures of dialogic speech were considered: using one frame and similar ways of verbalization, using one frame and different ways of verbal expression, and using two frames with different thematic or semantic content. The study examined cognitive-communicative interaction in dialogic communication and the cognitive basis for developing communicative competencies. Among the important conclusions is the discovery of three primary dialogical unity frame structures. It has been found that cognitive functions affect successful communication. The study demonstrated how cognitive-communicative interaction fosters the development of communicative competencies. It was also determined that dialogue structure relates to response shifts represented as interrelated frames. The study concludes that future research should focus on studying cognitions in communicative contexts and improving foreign language communication.

This paper examines the generalization of the Internet address term “family” (jiārénmen), a recently emerging phenomenon in language use from the perspective of Pragmatic Identity Theory. The main thrust of this research is to reveal the pragmatic identities and pragmatic functions involved in the use of “family” (jiārénmen). The core point has been arrived at by using a combination of quantitative and qualitative analyses to explore relevant cases collected from WeChat, Weibo, and in-person conversations. Research findings demonstrated that in different contexts, the address term “family” (jiārénmen) can construct various pragmatic identities, all of which belong to the deviational identity opposite to the default identity. Notably, the construction of these identities functions to patch up address terms slot, promote relationships, and satisfy transactional needs. Furthermore, the generalization of the address term “family” (jiārénmen) mirrors the effect of the psychological mechanism of communicators and the Chinese family culture on discourse practice. The findings above contribute to extending the research line of Internet address term generalization, as well as a deeper understanding of the mechanism of the Internet address term “family” (jiārénmen) towards a harmonious language-using environment.

The term ‘explicatures’ pertains to the inferential developments made of utterances with the objective of attaining a greater degree of clarity by the speaker (Sperber and Wilson 1986). It was first introduced by relevance theory to provide evidence that the explicit part of communication may contain a pragmatically inferred material, which facilitates communication and makes it more relevant (Carston. 2000. Explicature and semantics. UCL Working Papers in Linguistics 12. 44–89). Nevertheless, there are instances where explicatures are deliberately not fully articulated in order to achieve certain social meanings as well as communicative goals. This research article examines the social functions, which are accomplished when communicators do not articulate pragmatically inferred material which is part of the explicit content of the utterance. Based on the analysis of genuine communications, obtained from real-life interactions from Jordanian Arabic, this article demonstrates that the act of not fully articulating explicatures serves certain social purposes, such as not inviting evil eye, not damaging the positive face of the addressee or the person under discussion, and avoiding the explicit mentioning of delicate matters like illnesses and social taboos; hence conforming to the established social conventions. Furthermore, the results referred to a remarkable association between particular areas of explicatures identification and certain social functions.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the main issues related to the further stage of development of the historical subcorpus of the National Corpus of the Kazakh Language. Through the study of the historical subcorpus in the Kazakh language, issues such as metatext markup, software improvement, and transcription were examined. When analysing the historical subcorpus the following points were noted: texts of XII, XIV–XX centuries were placed in it, and the search was carried out with the help of such parameters as author, text style, text graphics, text title, text genre, century, also Arabic, Cyrillic and Latin graphics were presented, in genre terms poems, prose, heroic songs, articles, epic of religious character, novels were considered. During the study of the first phase of the historical subcorpus, it was learnt that there is a need to incorporate the experience of other National Corpora, to develop mechanisms for the active inclusion of texts from different periods, in particular from the fifth to nineteenth centuries, the tenth to fifteenth centuries and the sixteenth to nineteenth centuries. Improving metatextual markup, providing more information about texts, and solving problems related to transcription are also important issues.